RU2306695C2 - Feed material grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, technique for preparing of animal feeds.

SUBSTANCE: feed material grinder has crushing chamber with crushing drum equipped with pivotally hung hammers, feeding conveyor and drum-type cutting knife unit. Operating faces of hammers are formed as outer three-stepped rectangular projections extending in radial growing line and one inner rectangular projection. Hammers are configured so as to facilitate grinding of feed material.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of ground product.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used on livestock farms, farms and complexes, in particular, for the preparation of animal feed.

Known root crop chopper containing a frame on which a shaft with a disk with interchangeable knives is mounted, a casing covering the disk with a tray for the output of the shredded product (patent No. 2232495 from 07.20.2004, Bull. No. 20).

The disadvantages of the grinder is that it is intended for grinding only root crops, melons and vegetables, and for the preparation of feed from grain forage and ears of corn more effective technical means are needed.

The closest technical solution to the invention is the universal crusher KDU-2 "Ukrainka", consisting of a casing, a crushing apparatus, a cutting drum, a counter plate, a horizontal belt conveyor, an inclined pressing conveyor, a hopper, a fan, a cyclone, an electric motor. The crushing drum consists of a chamber and a hammer drum. The hammer drum is mounted from six disks, on the fingers of which are suspended rectangular hammer packages that have four working faces (S. V. Melnikov. “Mechanization and automation of livestock farms.” L .: 1978, “Kolos”, p.102-112 )

The disadvantages of the known device (prototype) are:

1. Rapid wear of hammers in the crushing drum due to their imperfect shape.

2. Inadequate grinding of feed material to obtain complete feed.

3. High energy intensity of the grinding process with a random arrangement of feed material.

The technical task is to achieve the quality of the crushed product in accordance with the zootechnical and technological requirements of the processed material by changing the configuration of the hammers and installing the orientator.

The objective is achieved in that in the feed material chopper, including a feed conveyor, a drum-type cutting knife apparatus, a crushing chamber in the form of a drum with articulated-suspended hammers, where, according to the invention, the working faces of the hammers are made in the form of external three-stage rectangular protrusions along a radially increasing line and one inner rectangular protrusion, in addition, an orientator is installed on the side of the feed conveyor frame, which is a box with two grooved channels and t-articulated telescopic connection with the feed conveyor frame.

In addition, the task is achieved by the fact that the inner edges of the groove channels are connected, forming a divider, on which guides are fixed at an angle that ensures reliable sliding of the corn cobs.

According to the invention, the chopper differs from the prototype in that the configuration of the hammers is changed. Hammers have three-stage rectangular protrusions and one inner rectangular protrusion on the working parts of the faces. The contour of the protrusions is made growing from the longitudinal axial line of the hammer from top to bottom. Behind the three-stage protrusions, closer to the longitudinal center line, there is one more rectangular protrusion (step). These hammers provide a long service life, consistent quality chopping feed material.

The chopper also differs in that in order to reduce energy intensity, for example, when grinding corn cobs, an orientator having three degrees of mobility is used, which is mounted on the side of the conveyor frame with the help of a transverse bar with hinges and a telescopic rod, which allow changing its position relative to the feed conveyor at an appropriate angle against course of movement. When using the orientator, the direction of the feed material moving along the grooved channels changes, and the corn cobs are located transverse to the movement on the feed conveyor and, falling into the cutting apparatus, are cut along the fibers with thinner slices.

The feed material is crushed by the proposed hammers in the crushing chamber under conditions of preliminary decompression of it in the peripheral part of the crushing chamber with step protrusions, which significantly reduces its circulation speed, and therefore, increases the impact force of the hammers on the material particles, increasing their destructive ability at a constant angular rotation speed . This also contributes to improving the quality of grinding feed material and at the same time reducing the energy intensity of the process.

Figure 1 shows the technological scheme of the grinder.

Figure 2 (View A) shows the design of the hammer.

Figure 3 (View B) shows the orientator.

The proposed chopper consists (Fig. 1) of a crushing chamber 1, inside of which a crushing drum 2, two decks 3, a sieve 4, a suction pipe 5, a fan 6, a hopper 7 are located on the main shaft.

In the crushing drum 2, sets of crushing hammers 8 are pivotally mounted (Fig. 2). The hammers 8 have on the working parts of the faces three-stage rectangular protrusions 9, made in increasing order, and one inner rectangular protrusion 10.

The grinding device of the crusher includes: a cutting knife device 11 with a counter plate 12, a feed conveyor 13 and a clamp conveyor 14 for feeding feed into the crushing chamber 1.

A two-groove orientator 16 is mounted on the frame 15 of the conveyor 13. The orientator is attached to the frame 15 of the conveyor 13 with a cross bar 17 through a fork 18 by hinges 19, rigidly connected to the telescopic rod 20. The base of the telescopic rod 20 is pivotally mounted on the frame 15 of the supply conveyor 13.

Orientator 16 (figure 3) is a box with two grooved channels 21, between which a divider 22 is installed, its height is at least two lengths of an ear of corn, on the sides of which are fixed guides 23 of the grooved channels 21.

In the grinder there is a cyclone separator 24, which is equipped with a lock gate 25, and two pipe socket 26 and a filter 27 with a suction pipe 28 are attached to it.

The device operates as follows.

The feed material, for example, corn cobs, is fed through the groove channels 21 of the orientator 16 laterally fixed to the conveyor frame 15 by the telescopic rod 20 through the fork 18 by hinges 19, parallel to the channel axis, to the feed conveyor 13 transversely, i.e. at an angle of 90 °.

Corn cobs that did not lie along the groove channels 21 fall onto a gable divider 22, the cross section of which is an isosceles triangle, and along the guides 23 located on the divider 22 go further along the groove channels 21 to the supply and pressure conveyors 13, 14. Thus Thus, it excludes the possibility of grinding corn cobs transversely or randomly, thereby reducing the energy consumption of grinding and improving the quality of grinding of feed material (grinding module).

Since the feed conveyor 13 has a predetermined speed of movement and the feed material arriving at it also moves at a certain speed at a certain angle to the horizontal, the orientator 16 should be at an appropriate angle against the direction of travel, then the ears arriving at the conveyor will be located on it at an angle of 90 ° to the direction of movement. Grinding of corncobs along the core fibers by a drum type cutting apparatus 11 with a counter plate 12 takes place with lower energy consumption, while the feed material is cut into thinner slices, which are subsequently easier to grind into hammers in the crushing chamber to the sizes specified by the zootechnical standards.

The feed material in the crushing chamber 1 is subjected to the blows of hammers 8 and the effects of decks 3 and sieve 4. The crushed feed particles are sucked out by the fan 6, then they enter the cyclone 24, and through the shutter 25 the feed material enters the bell of the bag holders 26 and is packed into bags, and dusty air it is cleaned in the filter 27 and returned through the pipe 28 to a vicious circle.

When preparing concentrated feed, the forage from the hopper 7 immediately enters the crushing chamber 1, and its grinding is also carried out with the conservation of the energy expended.

The grinding of feed material by the proposed hammers 8 in the crushing chamber, having three-stage rectangular protrusions 9 and one rectangular protrusion 10 on the working parts of the faces, where the contour of the protrusions is made from top to bottom growing from the longitudinal axial line of the hammer 8, is carried out under preliminary decompression in the peripheral part of the crusher chambers with stepped protrusions 9, 10, which significantly reduces the speed of circulation of the particles of material, and therefore, increases the force of the impact of hammers on them, increasing I their destructive ability at a constant angular speed of rotation. It also helps to improve the quality of grinding and at the same time reduces the energy intensity of the process.

The advantage of a universal feed chopper is:

- to increase the service life of hammers due to the fact that the working faces are made stepwise along the line from top to bottom, and when worn, radial rounding is present only in the lower stage, but its operation is duplicated by the internal stage;

- due to the fact that the protrusions are practically not rounded, a better grinding of the product occurs, in addition, the area of frontal collisions increases, leading to an increase in the throughput of the grinder;

- with the use of the orientator, the direction, for example, of the corn cobs changes, they arrive at the conveyor not chaotically, but transversely, and longitudinal cutting with subsequent crushing is more effective. As a result, the quality of grinding of feed material is improved and the energy intensity of the process is reduced.

Claims (3)

1. The feed material chopper, including a crushing chamber in the form of a drum with hinged-suspended hammers, a feeding conveyor, a drum-type cutting knife apparatus, characterized in that the working faces of the hammers are made in the form of external three-stage rectangular protrusions along a radially increasing line and one internal rectangular protrusion . 2. The feed material chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that an orientator is installed on the side of the feed conveyor frame, which is made in the form of a box with two grooved channels and has a telescopic articulated connection with the feed conveyor frame. 3. The feed material shredder according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner edges of the groove channels are connected and form a divider, on which guides of the feed material are fixed at an angle that ensures reliable sliding of the corn cobs.

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