RU2299072C2 - Method for fattening calves at areas of radioactive contamination - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal science.

SUBSTANCE: it is necessary to introduce "Chitosan" together with the feedstuff as 3.0-3.5% gel solution prepared upon 1-2%-acetic acid solution to be injected at 3.0 ml/kg body weight every day for 45 d once daily. The innovation enables to decrease the accumulation of cesium and strontium in the body of animals and, also, increase body weight in animals.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of fattening.

5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, more specifically to raising animals under the effects of radioactive contamination of the area, can be used in livestock farming in areas contaminated with radionuclides of cesium, strontium, to obtain a normatively pure livestock production.

It is known to use nettle as a feed to reduce the content of radiocaesium in the body of farm animals. However, such food with ease of use reduces the content of radionuclides only by 15-20 percent (see T. Kulakova, but it saves. / Search, No. 16 (778), 04/23/2004, p.8).

It is also known to use natural minerals of clinoptilolite varieties - zeolite-containing rocks (tuffs) at a rate of 5-6 g / kg of mass when feeding for excretion of animal radionuclides deposited in tissues, the most commonly used are shivyrtuin or hongurin deposits located in Yakutia, Transbaikalia or Kuzbass (see RF Patent No. 2063229, publ. 08/20/2001. Bull. No. 23). With good use results, some disadvantages of using cytolith-containing rocks are high feeding standards (5-6 g / kg) and the instability of the composition of tuffs, which inhibits their use.

It is also known the use of specially created, chemical preparations for the removal of radionuclides from the body of animals. The most famous are iron-potassium ferracyanide preparations applied to sawdust or hay, known as "Ferrocin" and "Ferrocin-2", administered in a dose of 3-5 g to one animal daily during morning or evening feeding during the entire period of feeding contaminated feed radionuclides (see RF Patent No. 2070396, A23K 1/00, publ. 09/20/96. Bull. No. 35; RF Patent No. 1704746, A23K 1/00, publ. 01/15/92. Bull. No. 2; a.s No. 1685372, A23K 1/00, publ. 23.10.91. Bull. No. 39).

With a stable chemical composition and positive results of the use, the disadvantage of these drugs is the one-sidedness of their action, mainly aimed at removing only cesium isotopes without taking into account the isotopes of strontium and other heavy metals, which are also present in territories contaminated with radionuclides and pose a danger to the health of animals and people.

The objective of the invention is to find a method with the selection of a complex action preparation that helps to reduce the accumulation and excretion of cesium and strontium radionuclides from animals, as well as heavy metals, which allows to obtain normatively "pure" livestock products with an increase in calf weight in areas with a high content of radionuclides, in particular in areas of the radioactive trail.

The problem is solved in that when calves are fattened in areas of a radioactive trail in areas with a high content of radionuclides and heavy metals at the same time as animal feed as an additive of complex action, contributing to the excretion of animal radionuclides from cesium, strontium and other heavy metals and contributing simultaneously increase the mass of animals, inject the drug "Chitosan" in the form of a 3.0-3.5% gel solution prepared in a 1-2% solution of acetic acid, and "Chitosan" is introduced into the feed at a dose of 3.0 ml / kg sy animals once a day for 45 days, the "chitosan" are used acid-produced by "Bioprogress" (TU 9289-002-11418234-99) groups A or B - the food.

"Chitosan" powder - a drug originally obtained from the shells of marine red-footed crabs as a biologically active food supplement (BAA), and was developed on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine.

When taken orally, under the influence of food enzymes, part of "Chitosan" is broken down, absorbed into the bloodstream and absorbed by the body in the form of low molecular weight compounds. The other part, combining with moisture, turns into a gel-like mass, acts in the gastrointestinal tract as an adsorbent, cleanses the intestines, removes toxic substances from it.

"Chitosan" as a dietary supplement is usually indicated for obesity, cancer, diabetes, diseases of the liver, heart and other types of lipid metabolism disorders, dysbiosis, poisoning.

For oral administration, Chitosan is available in gelatin capsules. It is recommended to drink the capsules with water (at least 1 cup) or stir the contents of the capsule in 0.5 cups of warm water, leave for 5 minutes and drink. In weight loss programs, Chitosan is recommended to use 1.5-2 liters of pure water per day 20 minutes before meals. Start with 1 capsule daily, bringing to 4 capsules. The frequency of administration is 1-2 capsules 2-3 times a day (see Dietary supplements of the Tiens Corporation M., 2000, p.6-10; Zueva EA, Supplementation Supplement. Rostov-on-Don Phoenix 2003, pp. 192-196).

In Russia, Chitosan is produced using various technologies. The raw materials for the production of "Chitosan" are shells of crustaceans - crab, shrimp, krill, gammarus and others (see RF Patent No. 2115344, A23L 1/33. A method for producing food chitosan from shells of crustaceans. Publ. 20.07.98. Bull. No. twenty).

Chitosan soluble in acidified 5% hydrochloric acid silica water is used to treat skin diseases by ingesting a solution from 1 ml to 1 tbsp. tablespoons per day with meals for 7 days. Three days break and then repeat if necessary (see RF Patent No. 2212243, А61К 31/722. Published. 09/20/2003. Bull. No. 26).

Apply 3.0-3.5% Chitosan gel solution, prepared in a 1% solution of acetic acid, at a dose of 2.5-3.5 ml / kg body weight 2 times a day for 5 days, with a repeat after 5 days, it is recommended for removing lead and nickel from the body of cows (see RF Patent No. 2175234, A61K 35/56, publ. 10/27/2001, bull. No. 30).

A review of the use of “Chitosan” as a broad-spectrum drug and, moreover, accelerating the elimination of lead, nickel from the animal’s body served as the basis for testing it as a complex-action drug capable of removing radionuclides and heavy metals from calves in animals when growing animals in radioactive contaminated areas.

An unobvious effect of the proposed method is that the use of "Chitosan" in the specified parameters of the solution and method allows to obtain conditionally "clean" livestock products from a wide range of radioactive and heavy metals with an increase in the mass of animals raised in the territories of the radioactive trail in environmentally unfavorable conditions.

After conducting theoretical studies and laboratory tests to practically verify the proposed method for calf feeding in the territories of a radioactive trail with a high content of radionuclides and heavy metals, production experiments were carried out in real conditions of a livestock farm located in the EURT (East Ural Radioactive Trace) zone in the Sverdlovsk Region.

The main characteristics of the “Chitosan” used in the experiments are shown in Table 1 (manufactured by BIOPROGRESS CJSC, the city of Shchelkovo, post-office Kashintsevo VNITIBP. Moscow Region).

For the experiments, 3 groups of calves aged 3.5–4 months old, kept in the same livestock building with the same level of feeding and maintenance, were selected.

As a variant of the prototype, in experiments the calves were injected with “Ferrocin” as a special preparation for zones with increased radioactivity (Table 2).

The control option is the main diet without additives.

Table 1.
The main indicators of the drug "Chitosan" TU 9289-002-11418234-99 (acid-soluble) No. The name of indicators Control results one. Appearance Flakes 2. Color St. cream 3. Smell Specific four. Mass fraction of moisture,%, no more 7.2 5. Mass fraction of min. substances,%, no more 1,5 6. Mass fraction of insoluble substances,%, no more 0.8 7. Molecular weight, kDa 230 8. Solubility in 1% acetic acid 9. Deacetylation degree, not less than,% 27.5 table 2
Doses of the use of drugs in the experiment when growing calves in areas with a high content of radionuclides Preparations Age of calves, months 3,5-4 5.5-6 Chitosan solution, ml / kg (3%) 3.0 3.0 "Ferrocin" mg / kg 15.0 15.0

Drugs were added directly to the feed.

Observations of calves were carried out daily. In this case, the general condition was recorded, hematological, immunological and biochemical studies were carried out before administration (background study), 20 and 45 days after the use of drugs. Once a month and at the end of the experiment, animals were weighed.

14 days after the use of drugs in calves of the experimental groups, an improvement in the general condition was noted: increased appetite and activity, the coat became more brilliant.

The results of immunological studies are presented in table 3. The immunostimulating effect of "Chitosan" is established. When using “Chitosan”, the content of T-lymphocytes (E-ROL) increased by 40.4% compared with the background (Table 3). The content of T-lymphocytes (E-ROL) in calves on the 45th day of using "Chitosan" increased by 86.3% (4.23 ± 0.09%). The state of the immune system of animals was evaluated by the T / B index, which shows how proportionally the ratio of the populations of immunocompetent cells in the peripheral blood is. This ratio is usually 1.5-2. An increase or decrease in this ratio indicates the appearance of violations in the immune system. The appearance of an imbalance can lead to the impossibility of a full-fledged immune response due to the lack of a sufficient number of T- and B-lymphocytes and a violation of the correct cell ratio.

In calves of the control group, the index value was below the normative value throughout the experiment. When using "Chitosan", a change in this ratio was recorded to normative limits, which indicates the positive effect of the drug.

"Chitosan" contributed to the activation of phagocytosis. So the absorption capacity of neutrophils with the use of “Chitosan” by the 20th day of observation increased by 48% and by 67% at the end of the experiment.

Table 3.
Dynamics of immunological parameters of calves with the use of "Chitosan" (M ± m) n = 15 Indicators Background In 20 days In 45 days Experienced group Control group Experienced group Control group Lymphocytes, thousand / μl 6.08 ± 0.56 7.09 ± 0.14 6.90 ± 0.12 5.22 ± 0.38 5.23 ± 0.24 T-lymphocytes (E-ROL),% 37.40 ± 1.45 45.56 ± 0.78 43.50 ± 0.65 52.50 ± 0.65 38.67 ± 1.58 B-lymphocytes (M-ROL),% 38.40 ± 1.57 42.00 ± 0.60 39.50 ± 0.76 41.00 ± 0.93 30.50 ± 0.49 T / B index,% 0.97 ± 0.13 1.15 ± 0.28 1.04 ± 0.02 1.72 ± 0.02 0.94 ± 0.03 T-lymphocytes (E-ROL), thousand / μl 2.27 ± 0.14 4.23 ± 0.09 3.00 ± 0.08 2.74 ± 0.21 2.02 ± 0.09 B-lymphocytes (M-ROL), thousand / μl 2.34 ± 0.08 1.90 ± 0.04 2.90 ± 0.08 1.58 ± 0.11 2.14 ± 0.05 Leukocyte T-Index 4.09 ± 0.12 2.27 ± 0.04 3.46 ± 0.11 2.76 ± 0.08 3.92 ± 0.14 Phagocytic activity (FA),% 36.80 ± 1.38 54.5 ± 0.24 38.50 ± 0.77 31.75 ± 2.17 35.33 ± 1.30 Phagocytic index (PI), cu 7.06 ± 0.22 9.89 ± 0.13 7.12 ± 0.20 11.05 ± 0.85 7.64 ± 0.10

The use of "Chitosan" made it possible to significantly correlate the activity of the immune system, which, in turn, affected both the general clinical condition of the experimental animals and the immunity indices: the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, T and B lymphocytes increased, and phagocytic activity increased .

The results of weighing calves also confirm the positive effect of the preparations, especially Chitosan, on the animal organism and on their productivity (Table 4). After 45 days, the calves of the experimental group using "Chitosan" when weighing noted a significant increase in gain in live weight (by 12.23%) compared with calves of the control group. The live weight of calves treated with ferrocin was 3.37% higher than that of the controls.

Table 4.
The influence of "Chitosan" and "Ferrocin" on the increase in live weight of calves Option Source In 20 days In 45 days Kg kg % to control kg % to control The control 112.57 127.9 - 146.86 - Ferrocin 112.65 129.8 1.48 151.82 3.37 Chitosan 112.17 139.3 8.91 164.83 12.23

At the end of the experiment, we performed a control slaughter of one animal in each group for sampling of muscle and bone tissue, liver, and kidneys for radiochemical and toxic analyzes, the results of which are presented in table 5.

In the group of animals that used "Chitosan", the lowest content of almost all the studied toxicants ( ⁹⁰ Sr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) in the organs and tissues of animals was noted. The accumulation of Rb in calf bones, in the experimental group using Chitosan, was 5.5 times less than in the control group of calves. The content of Cd in the liver in calves when feeding "Chitosan" was 13.8 times lower than in the control group.

Table 5.
The content of radionuclides and heavy metals in the organs and tissues of calves (after 45 days) Calf group Type of sample Content, Bq / kg The content of elements, mcg / g ⁹⁰ sr ¹³⁷ Cs Zn Cu Cd Pb Experienced ("Chitosan") bone 13,2 - - - 0.003 0.17 muscle 4.4 3.8 55.85 0.81 0.002 0.02 liver 4.0 4.7 23.1 14.2 0.008 0.02 the kidneys - - 15.7 1.26 0.09 0,03 Experienced ("Ferrocin") bone 11.5 - - - 0.003 0.89 * muscle 5,0 2,5 52.6 1.33 0.002 0.02 liver 2.7 5.9 29.6 56.64 * 0,070 0.02 the kidneys - - 19.32 3.19 0.260 0.04 The control bone 25,4 - - - 0.005 0.94 muscle 16.3 9.9 114.3 * 1.24 0,089 * 0.25 liver 11.2 11.2 78,2 70.2 * 0.11 0.22 the kidneys - - 64,2 5.94 0.750 0.29

Laboratory studies and production experiments showed that the use of the drug "Chitosan" according to the proposed scheme is not inferior in its effectiveness to the use of the special drug "Ferrocin", but gives an additional non-obvious effect in the form of an increase in animal weight by 12.23% after 45 days of using "Chitosan" and contributes to the complex removal of many heavy metals from the body of calves, which allows you to get a normatively pure product when conducting livestock in areas exposed to radioactive contamination, improving I live in ecologically disadvantaged areas.

Thus, the conducted studies convincingly showed that the introduction of the Chitosan preparation, used for a new purpose in the proposed scheme, into the diet of calves stimulates the increase in live weight due to the normalization of metabolic processes. The stimulating effect of the use of the drug "Chitosan" in the form of a 3.0-3.5% gel solution in 1% hydrochloric acid appears at a dose of 3.0 ml / kg after 20 days.

The greatest increase in live weight occurs after 45 days in calves 5-6 months of age, which allows us to recommend the drug “Chitosan” at the stages of feeding for a new purpose as a highly effective feed additive to increase the gain of animals for fattening and to obtain clean products in areas with increased the content of radionuclides and heavy metals in the areas of the radioactive trail.

Claims (2)

1. The method of feeding calves in the territories of radioactive contamination of ⁹⁰ Sr and ¹³⁷ Cs, including the introduction of a complex-action drug with food into animals, characterized in that the drug "Chitosan" is introduced into the diet, and the drug is used in the form of 3.0-3.5 % gel solution prepared in a solution of edible acetic acid and administered at the rate of 3.0 ml / kg calf weight daily for 45 days once a day. 2. The method of feeding calves in the territories of radioactive contamination according to claim 1, characterized in that they use "Chitosan" acid-soluble, groups A or B - food, manufactured by JSC "BIOPROGRESS", corresponding to TU No. 9289-002-11418234-99, and gel a solution of the drug is prepared in a 1-2% solution of acetic acid.