RU2292156C1 - Method for rearing in broilers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: the suggested innovation deals with supplementing the diet with probiotics, that is: during the period since the 1^st to the 5^th d of their life it is necessary to supplement the diet with "Biosporin" preparation that contains the following bacterial cultures Bacillus subtilis-3, Bacillus licheniformis-31, moreover, "Biosporin" should be applied at 800 g/t (0.8 g/kg) combined feedstuff. The present innovation enables to increase body weight gain, obtain high-quality production, decrease lethality and improve fodder conversion at increasing profitableness of industrial poultry farming.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of rearing.

1 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the feeding and raising of broiler chickens, and can find application both in large broiler poultry farms, and in personal subsidiary or farming.

The known "Method of feeding chickens", in which in the first days of life, the chickens are once introduced into the feed the bacterial preparation "Biosan" in an amount of 0.5-1 ml per head, prepared from a mixture of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactobacillus buchneri in a ratio of 1: 1 with a content of 1-1.2 billion living cells in ml (see A.S. No. 1777772, A 23 K 1/165, Publ. 30.11.92. Bull. No. 44).

The disadvantages of the proposed scheme for the use of the drug include the fact that with a single application it is difficult to guarantee the processing of a large number of chickens in industrial poultry farming.

Also known is "Subtilis" - a probiotic produced at the Research Institute of Probiotics. The active principle of the drug is the probiotic strains of Bacillus subtillis (BKMB - 2250D) and Bacillus licheniformis (BKMB - 2252D) isolated from soil isolate.

When growing broilers, the chickens were fed the Subtilis probiotic with water according to the scheme: the first 5 days through vacuum drinkers at a dose of 1 ml per 50 heads, and then, starting from day 28, for 3 days in the same dose through a mediator (dispenser) ) (see V. Filonenko et al. The probiotic "Subtilis" is useful for broiler chickens. // Poultry Production No. 2, 2004, p.21-22).

It is also known the use in poultry probiotic "Bio-Plus 2B", proposed by the German company Biohem, which includes two strains of microbial cultures - B. subtilis and B.licheniformis. They complement each other in the spectrum of antibacterial antagonistic activity, production of enzymes and amino acids and do not suppress resident microorganisms. Bacilli included in Bio-Plus 2B actively inhibit pathogens.

When growing broilers, it is recommended to use "Bio-Plus 2B" from 0 to 15 days - 1.0 kg per 1 ton of feed constantly, from 15 days to slaughter "Bio-Plus 2B" - 0.4 kg per 1 ton of feed constantly. The use of the Bio-Plus 2B preparation results in an increase in broiler weight gain by an average of 3%, an improvement in feed conversion of 5%, and a decrease in mortality of 22% (see Bashkirov O.G. Probiotic Bio-Plus 2B - multifaceted body protection animal and versatile solution of problems in animal husbandry. // Bio-Bio. Yekaterinburg. Uralbiovet, October, 2001, No. 10 (13), pp. 4-6).

The widespread use of the imported probiotic Bio-Plus 2B is constrained by its large doses of administration and the timing of use, as well as the cost of the drug.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range and selection of domestic commercially available probiotic and its application for growing broilers that allow, without violating the dry type of feeding at minimal cost, increasing weight gain, to obtain high-quality products at poultry farms, reducing mortality and improving feed conversion while increasing the profitability of industrial poultry farming .

The problem is solved by the fact that from the ^1st to the 5th day of broiler life, the Biosporin preparation is introduced into the dry feeding diet of chickens, and the drug is used in dry form with compound feed, at the rate of 800 g per 1 ton of compound feed (0.8 g / kg).

"Biosporin" is a probiotic based on the association of two types of live aerobic non-pathogenic non-pathogenic spore-forming bacteria B.subtilis-3, B.licheniformis-31. One dose of the drug, produced in dry form, contains about 25 billion microbial cells with a high level of antagonistic activity in relation to the main types of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria (1 dose = 3 g of the drug).

The drug is produced by the Center for Military-Technical Problems of Biological Protection of the Research Institute of Microbiology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (CVTP BZ NIIM of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation), production certificate No. 000582 / 99-73024, license of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 009547, registration number 04/872/99, FS 42-3476-98 (see Limorenko A.P. Development of the technology of the deep method of cultivating microorganisms B.subtilis and B.licheniformis for the production of probiotics. 03.00.23 - Biotechnology. Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of biological sciences. M. MGAVM and B, 2002, p. .4-5).

The rationale for the use of "Biosporin" when growing broilers is that the strains B. subtilis - 3, B.licheniformis - 31 contained in the preparation (full name - Bacillus subtilis VKPMB - 2335 (3) and Bacillus licheniformis VKPMB - 2336 (31 ) deposited at the All-Russian Research Institute "Genetics") help to stabilize the normal intestinal microflora, displace pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, provide protection against a large group of intestinal viruses by stimulating local immunity, production of interferon, and increasing the overall resistance of the body. The presence of enzymes in the preparation can significantly improve feed absorption, which contributes to an increase in weight gain.

Reduced costs for the use of "biosporin" due to the fact that the drug is administered in a dry form to feed only the first 5 days (from 1 ^st to 5 ^th day of life), when the head consumption of dry fodder minimum (about 100 gr. On the head) and is colonization of the stomach of chickens with the necessary beneficial microflora.

An unobvious effect of the proposed method for growing broilers is that the use of Biosporin, developed and produced for the treatment and prevention of acute intestinal infections and dysbiosis in humans, is used for a new purpose and according to a new scheme as a probiotic supplement to increase the safety of chickens, increase productivity and broiler product quality.

An experimental verification of the proposed method and assessment of its economic efficiency was carried out at agricultural enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region.

The amount of the Biosporin drug introduced into the diet (dosage dose) and the feeding schedule were previously determined by analogy with the probiotics used in poultry farming, based on an analytical review and laboratory experiments conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Ural State Agricultural Academy (Yekaterinburg).

Scientific and economic experience was carried out at the FSUE Sredneuralskaya poultry farm in the broiler feeding workshop. Poultry house №27, 2nd hall, 4 batteries.

The material for the study was broiler chickens of cross-country Smena - 4. The main part of the experiment was the period from daily to 5 days of age, from 6 to 40 days the aftereffect of the experiment. Broiler chickens were formed by the type of analog groups of 80 goals in each group.

For control was taken group No. 1 - feed in accordance with GOST - PK-5 (OR - the main diet).

Group No. 2 - OR + probiotic "Bio-Plus 2B" (1000 g / t).

Group No. 3 - OP + probiotic "Biosporin" (5 days) (800 g / t).

Group No. 4 - compound feed manufactured at the Sredneuralskaya poultry farm (with antibiotics).

"Bio-Plus 2B" - a mixture of 2 spores of Bacillus licheniformis CH-200 and Bacillus subtilis CH-201, "Biosporin" - B.subtilis - 3, B.licheniformis - 31, production of CVTP BZ NIIM MO RF, obtained by technology deep method of cultivating microorganisms.

Compound feed for the experiment was prepared at the rate of 100 g per head.

Protein and amino acid levels were normalized by gluten, fishmeal and synthetic amino acids.

Calculation of amino acids and protein, the diet as a whole was carried out on a computer according to the program for calculating rations presented by the Bogdanovo feed mill.

All components of the feed are represented by the Bogdanovo feed mill.

From the age of six days, broiler chickens are fed according to the scheme adopted at the poultry farm with dry compound feed from feeders installed on the sides of the battery from the conveyor hopper. The level of feeders and drinkers is regulated with age.

Microclimate parameters: the light, temperature and humidity conditions are the same for all groups. The temperature in the house changed from 33 ° C in the first days of keeping to 18 ° C at the end of feeding. Type of dry feed (compound feed).

From the age of seven days, groups of chickens are seated in tiers, and so they are kept until slaughter. Microcup watering.

Feed consumption per head for the period of feeding and feed conversion per kg of live weight gain are presented in table 1.

Feed conversion according to the standard cross-country 1.95. In groups 3 and 4 - this indicator corresponds to the standard. The lowest feed conversion in group 3, where the probiotic Biosporin was added to the diet of broiler chickens for the first 5 days.

Table 1.
Feed consumption and conversion in broiler chickens, kg Group number Feed consumption for the period Feed conversion one 3.49 1.99 2 3.49 1.99 3 3.35 1.81 four 3.45 1.90

The health status of broiler chickens was also taken into account by the number of dead birds (see table 2) and the causes of mortality.

The case was found in all groups. At an older age, the main cause of death was hepatosis, various liver diseases (fat and protein degeneration), hemorrhages in the liver and intestines.

table 2
The safety of broiler chickens, heads Group No. Age, days Case of goals Saved,% one 3 four 5 7 fourteen 21 28 35 40 one 80 79 78 77 77 77 75 74 73 71 9 88.75 2 80 79 79 79 78 78 77 76 75 71 9 88.75 3 80 79 78 78 76 76 75 74 73 73 7 91.25 four 80 79 79 79 78 77 75 73 71 69 eleven 86.25

The growth of plumage took place in accordance with the standard, this was determined by the growth of the wing feathers of the wing in the first days of life, the fluff to feather change was normal in all groups in accordance with age-related changes.

The most mobile, including in terms of feeding activity, were chickens fed with probiotics (gr. 2 and 3).

Data on the effect of probiotics on broiler growth are presented in table 3.

Table 3
The dynamics of the live weight of broiler chickens, g Age days Group one 2 3 four one 39.51 39.79 38.36 39.11 2 48.71 48.59 47.32 48.27 3 56.41 53.81 53.95 55.54 four 64.07 62.34 62.05 63.58 5 76.77 80.11 80,43 89.48 7 128.16 132.35 142.23 152.26 fourteen 324.38 324.31 343.44 353.30 21 588.11 603.79 644.01 661.72 28 1048.60 1074.26 1131.31 1121.47 35 1576.32 1566.68 1632.64 1609.70 39 1751.04 * 1749.25 ** 1853.88 1811.47

An analysis of the data in Table 3 indicates that the use of probiotics of the spore form of domestic production from daily to 5 days of age (gr. 3) had the strongest effect on the growth of broiler chickens at * p <0.05 compared to group 1, not receiving probiotics in the pre-start period, and ** p <0.01 compared with group 2, receiving spore forms of imported probiotics Bio-Plus 2B, and compared with group 4, there is a tendency to increase live weight when using Biosporin.

Broiler chickens in group 4 received both antibiotics and fermented milk probiotics.

The positive effect of the biosporin probiotic is due to the fact that B. subtilis-3 has the highest proteolytic activity and a high concentration of bacilli (25.53 × 10 ⁹ in Biosporin versus 3.3 × 10 ⁹ in Bio-Plus 2B) promotes active digestion at a more subtle level. Another positive effect of the biosporin probiotic is that its bacilli colonize intestinal folds and create a protective layer: chemical, enzymatic, bacteriological and, finally, mechanical at the same time, thereby preserving and maintaining the body healthy. This is evidenced by the condition of the liver of chickens. The liver parenchyma in the only group of 3 of all had a normal consistency on the cut (not porridge-like, as in all other groups).

In total, 6 goals from each group (3 hens and 3 cockerels) were sent for slaughter by random sampling. The fatness of all selected broilers was rated high. The category after slaughter is the first. Slaughter yield: 1 group - 69.83%, 2 group - 70.33%, 3 group - 71.67%, 4 group - 69.3%.

Slaughter mass and yield are presented in table 4. Indicators of internal organs - liver, stomach and intestines are presented in table 5.

The output of meat, edible parts, pectoral and leg muscles was calculated as a percentage, the mass of skin and fat in grams. Data on anatomical cutting are shown in table 6.

In addition to metric indicators, liver morphology was studied. The liver is an important organ that performs a number of functions in the body: digestive, immune, hematopoietic, and also fat-soluble vitamins and glucose are deposited in the liver, the liver has a wide range of detoxifying properties.

Table 4
40 days broiler slaughter rates. Group No. Live weight kg Carcass weight, kg Slaughter yield,% one 1,608 + 0,089 1,122 + 0,059 69.83 2 1,717 + 0,044 1,207 + 0,032 70.33 3 1,960 + 0,183 1.410 + 0.133 71.67 four 1,700 + 0,550 1.179 + 0.838 69.30 Table 5
The development of the internal organs of broiler chickens at the age of 40 days. Group No. Liver mass, g The mass of the stomach, g Bowel length, cm one 47.17 + 1.52 39.83 + 1.01 80.00 + 2.33 2 48.83 + 1.28 39.50 + 0.66 81.50 + 1.61 3 47.00 + 1.62 39.17 + 0.68 81.83 + 0.55 four 51.67 + 1.05 39.00 + 0.67 79.17 + 0.92

According to the state of the liver, one can judge the effect of feeding from 1 to 5 days on the state of health of the bird. Additionally, the condition of the liver and gall bladder of the killed broiler chickens was studied.

The best liver condition was in chickens in group 3 (cherry-red color), fatty degeneration and protein degeneration in groups 2, 4 (brown-yellow color). With an incision in the lobes of the liver in all groups except 3, destruction of the liver parenchyma was observed (porridge).

Table 6
Results of anatomical cutting. Group No. Abdom. fat, g Leather, g Thoracic and scabbard. muscles Edible parts yield Carcass, kg Meat yield kg % g % kg % one 48.3 101.8 0.681 69.3 1,084 88.71 1,222 0.982 80.36 2 49.8 107.1 0.666 70.1 1,057 87.57 1,207 0.950 78.71 3 49.7 109.8 0.825 71.7 1,259 89.29 1,410 1,150 81.56 four 53,4 101.9 0.650 70.3 1,029 87.28 1,179 0.925 78.24

The calculation of the cost of meat products taking into account the cost of feed, probiotics, feed costs per head, feed conversion and slaughter yield showed that the highest profitability in group 3 using the probiotic spore forms of domestic production ("Biosporina") - table 7.

Table 7
Profitability taking into account the cost of feed (per 1 head) and the cost of production (per 1 kg). Group No. The cost of feed (for a period of 5 days / 100 g), rubles The average cost of feed, rubles Meat meat production., Rub (by feed) Total cost / commercial, rub Profitability,% one 6.730 6.5060 26.56 37.84 / 45.41 30.14 2 10.238 6.60622 26.78 37.71 / 45.25 30.38 3 10.338 6.90501 24.91 35.59 / 42.71 34.29 four 9.447 6.58362 26.60 36.84 / 44.21 31.98

In addition, profit per unit of meat production with an accepted value of 65 rubles / kg was calculated. The data are presented in table 8.

High rates were obtained in group 3, as in the previous calculation (table 7), where broiler chickens were fed dry feed with Biosporin for the first 5 days.

Table 8
Calculation of profit per unit of meat production. No. Gross increase in live weight, kg Killer exit Total profit from sales, rubles Cost of rub General expenses, rub Profit per unit meat products., Rub / kg % kg one 121.5 69.83 86.76 5639,4 45.41 3939.77 19.59 2 121.05 70.33 87.39 5680,4 45.25 3954.40 19.75 3 131.85 71.67 96.79 6,291.4 42.71 4133.90 22.29 four 121.69 69.30 86.55 6,275.8 44.21 3826.38 20.79

The experiments, studies and calculations on the use of probiotics of spore-forming forms showed that the domestic drug "Biosporin" and the proposed scheme for its use have a more favorable combination of the concentration of bacilli, their strains and excipient than the foreign counterpart "Bio-Plus 2" - the concentration of bacilli is 25.53 × 10 ⁹ and 3.3 × 10 ⁹ spores / g, the carrier of lactose and starch, respectively, and is most effective when growing broilers according to the proposed method.

The highest indices in the experiment were obtained in the group using Biosporin in the first five days of broiler life, while the average live weight was 1853.88 g, state of health 91.25%, and the best state of health and internal organs compared with all control groups.

The experiments and the examples demonstrated the technical feasibility of the proposed method and the efficiency of the use of "biosporin" of the proposed scheme in feeding broilers during the first 5 ^five days of life the chicks, giving significant weight gain with minimum use of enhancing the safety of broilers and output of food products at elevated profitability of production.

Claims (2)

1. A method of growing broilers, including the introduction of probiotics into the diet, characterized in that during the period from the 1st to the 5th day of broiler life, the drug "Biosporin" containing bacterial cultures of Bacillus subtilis-3, Bacillus licheniformis-31, is introduced into the diet while Biosporin is used at the rate of 800 g / t (0.8 g / kg) of feed. 2. The method of growing broilers according to claim 1, characterized in that when growing, use a dry type of feeding and "Biosporin" is introduced into the feed in dry form.