RU2290784C1 - Method for increasing operational efficiency of fish-rearing ponds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pond fishery and plant growing, in particular, process used in complex ponds with different forms of property.

SUBSTANCE: method involves joint growing of fishes and plants in pond; growing plants on bed floating in pond, said bed being filled with porous, granulated, chemically neutral artificial substrate and positioned above pond water surface so as to provide self-penetration of water through capillaries of substrate granules to bed surface without filling cavities between substrate granules by adjusting position of bed with the use of lifting force provided by means of floats mounted under bed. Floating bed consists of container having netted bottom and filled with porous, chemically neutral, granulated substrate, and floats equipped with upper air feeding opening and lower water feeding opening for adjusting lifting force developed by floats and extent of flooding of substrate within container.

EFFECT: increased yield of fish and plant products from unit of area.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of pond fish farming and plant growing, in particular, aimed at obtaining additional animal and plant products, and can be used in fish ponds and in water bodies of complex designation of various forms of ownership.

A known method of co-growing plants and fish [1], which consists in the fact that the fish and plants are grown in separate containers. The fish tank and hydroponic trays are connected by a closed loop of pipelines. The pool is equipped with an automatic feeder, fish waste products are enriched with ammonia forms of nitrogen and serve as a source of nutrition for plants. Tap water is supplied to the pressure tank. Water flows from the pressure tank by gravity to the fish-breeding pools, and from them through the main pipeline to the hydroponic trays. Water flowing from the trays is collected in sedimentation tanks, from where the electric pump is returned through an oxygenator connected to an oxygen source to the pressure tank. Based on regular analyzes in fish tanks and in the outflow from the pressure tank, the oxygen content is maintained at the optimum level for the fish.

A known method [2] of the joint production of vegetables and fish through an ecological complex, which is divided into biological blocks, consisting of three modules, including fish tank aquariums and racks with trays for cultivating plants on hydroponics. Trays and aquariums are connected by a piping system of nutrient solution circulation, equipped with electric pumps.

A device [3] is known for hydroponic growing of plants and keeping fish, which provides for the location above the fish tank of means for oxygenating water, a hydroponic tray and lighting. Water from the tank is filtered by a filter element and enters the hydroponic tray. Plants, utilizing nitrogen and other soluble compounds, purify the water before entering it back into the tank for keeping fish.

The disadvantage of these methods and devices is that the cultivation of fish and plants is carried out in separate containers in a closed ground. Water purification occurs by sedimentation or filtration, while mineralization of the destructured organic residues (removed from the system) does not occur, as a result of which the majority of the potential productivity of the reservoir is not used.

Fish farming is carried out exclusively using artificial feed, which increases its cost.

A known method [4] of hydroponic cultivation of plants in an aqueous medium in a closed and open ground. Plants are grown using a support and a native solution inhabited by bacterial organisms, crustaceans and protozoans of zooplankton, into which plant nutrients are added. The introduction of nutrients is carried out without introducing nitrogen from the outside due to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by cyanobacteria with the subsequent mineralization of biological nitrogen by crustaceans and protozoa of zooplankton. For the propagation of cyanobacteria, conditions are created by introducing phosphorus compounds into the solution in mineral or organic form. This allows you to simplify and reduce the cost of the process of growing plants.

The disadvantage of this method is that plants are grown without the use of a substrate, which narrows the spectrum of cultivated plant species. The method does not provide for the cultivation of fish, and therefore underutilized most of the potential bio-productivity of the reservoir.

A known method [5] of hydroponic cultivation of plants, which is the closest analogue to the invention. The method is aimed at increasing the yield of agricultural plants, mainly vegetable and fruit crops, when they are grown in ponds with the simultaneous production of commercial fishing objects. According to this method, crops are placed on a nutrient substrate in a fish pond so that 30-40% of the biomass of their root system is in the water, and an autonomous closed air gap is created between the water surface and the base of the substrate mass and in the zone of the root neck of the plant. Active intake of nutrients from the aqueous medium into the root system is ensured by the mechanical supply of precipitated feed particles and excrement to the substrate, followed by their filtration, as well as by the introduction of corrective doses of mineral fertilizers. In the early days of plant vegetation, when the root system has not reached the surface of the water, the substrate is periodically moistened by irrigation. In order to obtain a greenhouse regime for the root system, intensify gas exchange processes and improve the hydrothermal regime, an air gap is created between the bottom of the vegetation vessels and the water surface.

To implement this method, a scheme of a floating vegetation device is presented. The device includes floats in the form of hermetically hollow pipes, a supporting frame with vegetation vessels installed on it, having perforated bottoms and filled with a nutrient substrate. Between the bottom of the vegetation vessels and the water surface there is an autonomously closed air gap (air gap) formed by a casing of translucent material, while the upper part of the casing is fixed along the perimeter of the base of the vegetation vessel, and the lower one hangs partially immersed in water to maintain the greenhouse effect during wave formation.

The disadvantage of this method is the increased complexity, since the plants must be planted in a nutrient substrate, so that 30-40% of the biomass of their root system is in the water, and in the first days of the growing season, the substrate must be irrigated periodically. The substrate used does not provide respiration to the root system of plants, and therefore the potential yield decreases and it is necessary to arrange an air gap under the bottom of the vegetation vessels. The lack of contact of the substrate with the water of the fish pond does not allow microorganisms fixing atmospheric nitrogen, mineralizing organic residues (purifying water and supplying plants with nutrients) and being a feed stimulus for increasing the amount of zooplankton (natural fish food), to actively develop in it.

Water purification in a fish pond can only be achieved by filtering it through a substrate during forced feeding, which will inevitably lead to acidification of the substrate, disruption of its gas regime and deterioration of plant growth conditions. The use in the device for implementing the method of floats in the form of hermetically hollow pipes does not provide compensation for changes in the mass of vegetation vessels and alignment of banks, formed due to the increase in biomass of cultivated plants.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed, is to increase the efficiency of exploitation of fish ponds by maximizing the use of the bio-productivity of these ponds in the joint cultivation of fish and plants in them.

EFFECT: obtaining per unit area of a reservoir of additional fish and vegetable products.

This is achieved by the fact that in the known method for the efficient use of fish-breeding ponds, including co-growing fish and plants in a pond, plants are grown on a floating bed, which is filled with a porous, granular, chemically neutral artificial substrate on which the seeds of cultivated plants are sown. By regulating the lifting force of the floats mounted under it, the bed is installed above the pond mirror so that the water rises through the capillaries of the granules of the substrate to its surface without filling the cavity between the granules.

The specified technical result in terms of the device is achieved by the fact that the bed consists of a container with a mesh bottom filled with a porous, granular, chemically neutral artificial substrate, and floats that keep the bed afloat and have upper and lower holes. A hose is connected to the upper hole for supplying air to the tank from the pump or compressor and a valve blocking its outlet, and the lower hole serves to freely fill the tank with water, to control the lifting force of the floats and the water content of the substrate in the bed container.

The invention is illustrated by the figures:

Figure 1 shows a photograph of a floating bed with cultivated plants.

Figure 2 shows the design of a floating bed with a container for the substrate, floats, air supply hoses and a pump.

Figure 3 shows the design of the float with upper and lower holes for pumping air and filling with water, respectively.

Figure 4 shows a diagram characterizing the dynamics of the purification of the aquatic environment from organic pollution when using a floating bed.

Figure 5 shows a diagram characterizing the increase in the natural food supply of the reservoir (zooplankton) as a result of the use of a floating bed.

The method is carried out using a device made in the form of beds, installed in a reservoir with farmed fish (Fig.1 and 2). A “floating bed” consists of a container (1) with a mesh bottom (2) filled with a porous, chemically neutral, granular substrate, and floats (3) having an upper hole (4) for air supply and a lower (5) for filling with water ( Figure 3). This design of the floats allows you to regulate their lifting force and watering of the substrate in the bed container by displacing water with pumped air.

On a bed filled with a substrate (Figure 1), the seeds of cultivated plants are sown. By changing the lifting force of the floats, displacing water from them with pumped air, through the air distribution system of the hoses (6), using the pump (7) or compressor (Figure 2), the height of the beds above the mirror of the reservoir is set so that the substrate only touches the water and raised it by capillaries (pores) of granules to the top of the bed, which creates the optimal gas and water regime of the substrate.

In the process of using the floating beds, as a result of the mineralization of metabolites and organic residues by microorganisms that are actively developing in the substrate of the floating beds, the aquatic environment is purified and the ecological situation in the body of water for the farmed fish improves (Figure 4).

The increase in plant production is due to the use by plants of mineral substances as a result of microorganisms actively developing in the substrate of a floating bed of minerals that mineralize metabolites and metabolic products of fish.

The increase in fish productivity of the reservoir is achieved by increasing the natural food supply of fish in it - zooplankton (Figure 5), for which microorganisms are food objects.

As a result, additional hatchery and plant products are obtained from a unit area of the reservoir.

Information sources

1. Copyright certificate SU No. 1528393, A 01 G 31/00, A 01 K 61/00, 12/15/89. Bull. Number 46.

2. Patent RU No. 2075925, A 01 G 31/02, A 01 K 61/00, A 01 K 67/00, 03/27/97.

3. Patent RU No. 2028772, A 01 G 31/02, 02.20.95.

4. Patent RU No. 2145475, A 01 G 31/00, 02.20.2000.

5. Copyright certificate SU No. 969208, A 01 G 31/00, 10.30.82. Bull. Number 40.

Claims (2)

1. A method of increasing the efficiency of the use of fish ponds, including co-cultivation of fish and plants in a pond, characterized in that the plants are grown on a bed in a floating pool filled with a porous, granular, chemically neutral artificial substrate, and the bed is installed above the pond mirror so that the water by capillaries of the granules of the substrate, it independently rose to the surface of the bed, without filling the cavity between the granules of the substrate, by regulating the position of the bed by lifting force, see floats mounted under it. 2. A method of increasing the efficiency of the use of fish ponds, including co-cultivation of fish and plants in a pond, characterized in that the floating bed, consisting of a container with a mesh bottom filled with a porous, chemically neutral, granular substrate, and floats having an upper air inlet and a lower hole for filling with water, to ensure the regulation of the lifting force of the floats and the water content of the substrate in the container of the beds.

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