JP6053088B1 - Media bed, system, cultivation method and aquaculture method - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To control cultivation conditions, achieve excellent water purification, and realize easy exchange of crops. A media bed according to an embodiment of the present invention circulates water in a system including an aquaculture unit and a hydroponic unit, and the aquaculture unit and / or the aquatic organisms are circulated in the aquaculture unit. A media bed for a hydroponics part of a system for cultivating eggs and cultivating agricultural products in a hydroponic part, the media bed comprising a septic tank for purifying water supplied from the aquaculture part, and a media bed When the water level in the vertical direction of the water reaches the first water level, a solution intermittent device that drains the water until the second water level is reached, and a water absorption sheet, a root-proof water-permeable sheet and a medium from the lower side in the vertical direction are included. The first water level is set at the position of the water absorbent sheet. [Selection] Figure 2

Description

The present invention is a media bed, the system relates to cultivation培方method and aquaculture methods.

  In recent years, development of technology for producing aquatic organisms and / or eggs and agricultural products by combining aquaculture (fish and / or egg culture) and hydroponics has been progressing. This technique is called aquaponics by those skilled in the art by combining the terms aquaculture (aquaculture) and hydroponics (hydroponics).

  Three types of aquaponics cultivation systems have been proposed. Specifically, the dipping method (DWC method) that floats a plant cultivation bed in a waterway, the thin-film method (NFT method) and medium (media) that plant a plant in a bowl-shaped container and send a small amount of nutrient solution Three types of media filled glow bed method (MFG method; also referred to as media bed method, henceforth referred to as media bed method), in which plants are planted in a container (media bed) and water is supplied by a solution intermittent device such as a Versiphon. A method has been proposed (see Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).

Aquaponics Guidelines, August 2015, ISBN: 978-9935-9283-1-3, printed by Haskolaprent, Reykjavik, Iceland, Layout: Anna Maria Proppe, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282732809_Aquaponics_Guidelines Small-scale aquaponic food production.Integrated fish and plant farming; FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, No. 589, 2014 Current and future aquaponics in Japan and overseas: Aquaculture Business December 2015, P9-P12

  The above three methods are systems that circulate water (may contain other components) in aquaculture and hydroponic cultivation, and the cultivation conditions of hydroponic cultivation affect the aquaculture conditions of aquaculture. Effect. Therefore, when the cultivation conditions for hydroponics are optimized, the aquatic organisms may be adversely affected.

  In addition, hydroponics plants function to purify water in the system, but the amount of plants required for water purification is insufficient during the exchange (planting) of crops, and it is necessary to change water frequently in the aquaculture department. There is. Among the above methods, the media bed method is a cultivation system that has physical filtration and biological filtration functions in the system, so the frequency of water change is low. Requires great effort.

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above points, and as an object thereof, in one aspect, is capable of controlling cultivation conditions, being excellent in water purification, and realizing easy replacement of agricultural products.

  The media bed according to one aspect of the present invention circulates water in a system having an aquaculture unit and a hydroponic unit, and cultivates aquatic organisms and / or eggs of the aquatic organisms in the aquaculture unit, A media bed for the hydroponics part of the system for cultivating agricultural products in the hydroponic part, wherein the media bed is a septic tank that purifies water supplied from the aquaculture part, When the water level in the vertical direction of the water reaches the first water level, a solution intermittent device that drains the water until the second water level is reached, and a water absorption sheet, a root-proof water-permeable sheet and a medium from the lower side in the vertical direction are included. It has the cultivation part comprised and the said 1st water level is set to the position of the said water absorbing sheet.

  According to an embodiment of the present invention, in one aspect, cultivation conditions can be controlled, water purification is excellent, and easy replacement of crops can be realized.

It is a figure which shows the external appearance structure of the conventional media bed type aquaponics system. It is a figure which shows the external appearance structure of the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the water level change in the media bed which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the fertilization to the root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part of the media bed which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating replacement | exchange of a root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is another figure for demonstrating replacement | exchange of the root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the root zone restricted cultivation kit in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the disinfection method of a root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating rearrangement of the root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the reuse method of the root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part of the media bed which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<Conventional Aquaponics System>
First, a conventional aquaponics system will be briefly described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows an external configuration of a conventional aquaponics system.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a conventional aquaponics system 100 includes an aquaculture unit 110 for aquaculture and a hydroponic unit 120 for hydroponics. The aquaponics system 100 is a system that circulates water between the aquaculture unit 110 and the hydroponic cultivation unit 120 (within the system) to produce aquatic organisms F (and / or their eggs) and agricultural products. is there. In addition, if the main component is water, other liquid components such as plant nutrients, other water-soluble components caused by breeding of aquatic organisms, or other components insoluble in water are used. It may be included, but even in that case, it is simply referred to as water hereinafter.

  The aquaculture unit 110 is a system for cultivating aquatic organisms F (and / or their eggs) by aquaculture, and includes a breeding tank 111, a water flow pump 112, and an air pump 113. The breeding tank 111 is a water tank for breeding aquatic organisms F. The water flow pump 112 is a pump for supplying water from the aquaculture unit 110 to the hydroponics unit 120. The air pump 113 is a pump for aeration of the breeding tank 111 for breeding the aquatic organism F.

  The hydroponic cultivation unit 120 is a system for cultivating agricultural crops by hydroponic cultivation, and includes a media bed 121 and a solution intermittent device 122.

  The media bed 121 is a container laid with a medium 123 (medium) suitable for growing the plant P, and the container portion can be made of, for example, resin.

  The medium 123 is a medium for growing the plant P, and also functions to purify water circulating in the system by physical filtration and biological filtration.

When the water level in the vertical direction (liquid level) in the media bed 121 reaches the preset first water level, the solution interstitial device 122 continues until the media bed 121 reaches the preset second water level. It is a device that drains the water inside. The discharged water is circulated to the breeding tank 111 via a pipe (not shown).
<Aquaponics System According to One Embodiment of the Present Invention>

(Overall configuration example)
Next, an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 shows an external configuration of an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Moreover, the figure for demonstrating the water level change in the media bed which concerns on FIG. 3 at one Embodiment of this invention is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 2, an aquaponics system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an aquaculture unit 210 for aquaculture and a hydroponic for hydroponics, as in the conventional aquaponics system 100. And a cultivation unit 220.

  The aquaculture unit 210 has the same configuration as the aquaculture unit 110 described above, and includes a breeding tank 211, a water flow pump 212, and an air pump 213. The details of each component in the aquaculture unit 210 are the same as those of the aquaculture unit 110 described above, and thus are omitted.

  The hydroponic cultivation unit 220 is a system for cultivating agricultural products by hydroponic cultivation, and includes a media bed 221 and a solution intermittent device 222.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the water level in the vertical direction in the media bed 221 reaches a preset first water level L1 (upper limit water level), the solution interstitial device 222 has a preset second level. It is a device that discharges water in the media bed 221 until the water level L2 (lower limit water level) is reached. The first water level L1 is higher in the vertical direction than the second water level L2. The setting of the first water level L1 will be described later.

  The media bed 221 is different from the conventional media bed 121 in that it has a root-zone restricted cultivation unit 223 that grows plants and a septic tank unit 227. The detailed configuration and function of the media bed 221 will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 again.

(Detailed configuration of media bed)
As described above with reference to FIG. 2, the media bed 221 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 and the septic tank unit 227.

  The root-zone restricted cultivation unit 223 includes a water absorbing sheet 224, a root-proof permeable sheet 225, and a medium 226 (medium) from the lower side in the vertical direction. The root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 is disposed in contact with the upper part of a later-described medium 228 filled in the septic tank unit 227 in the media bed 221. When arranging the root zone restricted cultivation part 223, in order to prevent the media 226 from falling down to the outside of the media bed 221, the edge of the root-proof water-permeable sheet 225 is folded upward, and the upper side from the edge of the media bed 221 It is preferable to protrude. In this case, both edges of the water absorbent sheet 224 and the root-proof water permeable sheet 225 may be folded upward so as to protrude upward from the edge of the media bed 221.

  The water absorbing sheet 224 is a water retaining sheet obtained by applying a hydrophilic treatment to a base fabric such as a nonwoven fabric or felt, and generally contains water several times to several tens of times its own weight. Commercial water-absorbing sheets used for rooftop greening / wall greening water retaining materials, water supply materials, pots, seedling pots, bottom water supply, wick water supply, hydroponic culture, etc. can be used. The use of a water retaining sheet is also preferred from the viewpoint of economy due to antiseptic and material reuse.

  The root-proof water-permeable sheet 225 has a property of preventing the root of the plant P from entering while allowing fertilizer components and moisture to enter and exit from the micropores on the sheet surface. As specific materials, use root-proofing materials for rooftop and wall greening, isolation sheets in the ground such as roads, herbicidal materials, commercially available root-proof water-permeable sheets used for hydroponics and isolation cultivation, etc. Can do. Also for the root-proof water-permeable sheet 225, it is preferable to use a root-proof water-permeable sheet made of chemical fibers such as polyester from the viewpoint of antiseptic and economical use of materials.

  The medium 226 is a medium suitable for growing the plant P. The material of the medium 226 is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of sucking up the water that permeates the root-proof water-permeable sheet 225 to the medium surface by capillary action due to the surface tension of water. Specific materials for the media 226 are the pearlite, pumice sand, lava sand, coral having a particle diameter of about 4 to 7 mm because they have the functions described above and are easily available at a relatively low cost. Examples thereof include sand, river sand, hinata soil, culture soil having air permeability and capillary water absorption.

  The thickness of the medium 226 in the vertical direction is not particularly limited, but when pearlite having a particle diameter of about 4 to 7 mm is used, it is preferably about 30 to 40 mm. This is due to the fact that water is sufficiently sucked up to the upper surface of the pearlite by capillary action, and that the thickness of the cover soil is sufficient to prevent the roots of the plants grown in the form of a root-proof permeation sheet from drying. In addition, from the viewpoint of workability for moving the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223, the above-described particle diameter and thickness of the media 226 are preferable because the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 becomes sufficiently light.

  In addition, the media bed 221 has a septic tank portion 227. The septic tank unit 227 is laid with media 228 and purifies the water in the media bed 221 by physical filtration and biological filtration.

  As a material for the media 228, a porous material is preferably used. Use of a porous material is preferable because many microorganisms (nitrifying bacteria, etc.) settle on the medium 228 and the biofiltration performance of the medium 228 is improved. Specific examples of the readily available media 228 include pumice having a particle diameter of about 11 mm to 20 mm, lava crushed stone, foamed brick, crushed stone, and the like.

  The septic tank unit 227 captures a biofilm formed by solids (aquatic organism feces, residual food, algae, etc.) supplied from the aquaculture unit 210 with the water pump 212, nitrifying bacteria, etc. It is preferable to provide a solid matter capturing unit 229 (see FIG. 3).

  The water of the aquaculture unit 210 sucked up by the water flow pump 212 is mixed with solids such as feces, residual food, and algae of the aquatic organism F generated from the feed of the aquatic organism F. Therefore, in the case where the solid matter capturing unit 229 is not provided, when the water supplied by the water flow pump 212 is concentrated and supplied to a specific part of the medium 228 of the septic tank unit 227, a specific part of the medium 228 is In some cases, the water continues to be supplied onto the solid matter that has been clogged up and overflowed to the outside of the media bed 221. Therefore, it is preferable that a solid matter capturing unit 229 is provided and water is supplied using the entire boundary surface between the solid matter capturing unit 229 and the medium 228.

  As a specific configuration of the solid matter capturing unit 229, the solid matter is prevented from being concentrated and supplied to a specific portion of the media 228, and is easily filled with the solid matter in water supplied by the water flow pump 212. Although it will not specifically limit if it has the function to ensure sufficient volume which does not occur, For example, what rounded metal net | networks, such as resin and stainless steel, can be used. In this case, it is preferable to arrange the net so that the cylindrical shaft is horizontal and perpendicular to the flow direction of the water poured into the aquaculture unit 210, since solids trapping property can be improved. .

  Moreover, it is preferable that the aperture (mesh size) of the mesh is an aperture that does not allow the media 228 laid in the septic tank portion 227 to pass and is as large as possible. When the mesh size is small, clogging occurs due to accumulation of biofilm formed by sludge-like solids, nitrifying bacteria, etc. in the mesh. Therefore, it is preferable to use a mesh with the largest possible size. For example, when a medium having a particle diameter of 11 mm to 20 mm in the medium 228 of the septic tank 227 is used, it is preferable to use a net having a diameter of 10 mm, for example.

  In addition, when providing the solid acquisition part 229, the root area | region restricted cultivation part 223 is arrange | positioned at the upper part of the solid acquisition part 229 and the medium 228. FIG. When a solid material capturing unit 229 made of a metal net made of resin, stainless steel, or the like is rolled into a cylindrical shape, the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 sinks inside the solid material capturing unit 229 and the medium 226 is a septic tank unit. No risk of falling into 227

(Changes in media bed water level)
Next, the water level change in the media bed 221 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3 again.

  When the water from the breeding tank 211 is poured into the media bed 221, the water level in the media bed 221 gradually rises. When the water level (liquid level) in the media bed 221 rises to the first water level L1, the solution interposing device 222 drains the water in the media bed 221 until the water level reaches the second water level L2.

  In the media bed according to the present embodiment, the first water level L1 related to the solution intermittent device 222 is set to be the bottom of the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 (that is, the position of the water absorbing sheet 224). Here, as described above, the root-zone restricted cultivation unit 223 is arranged in contact with the upper part of the later-described medium 228 filled in the septic tank unit 227 in the media bed 221. Therefore, it can be said that the first water level L1 is set in the upper part of the medium 228. The detailed position setting of the water level L1 is preferably such that the water absorbing sheet 224 and the liquid level of water at the water level L1 are in contact with each other.

  Since the first water level L1 is set at the bottom of the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223, the water injected from the aquaculture unit 210 to the hydroponic cultivation unit 220 is not subjected to any external phenomenon due to capillary action due to the surface tension of the water. It is sucked up to the surface of the media 226 without power. The plant P planted in the medium 226 absorbs water from the roots as a result of the cells of the basic tissue system of the leaf losing moisture due to transpiration in the leaf. From the media, the water evaporates from the surface as well as the foliage surface, but when the salt concentration in the soil due to drying is expected to affect the growth of plants, transpiration is prevented on the media surface. The above problem can be solved by installing a multi-film for agriculture. In addition, if the salt concentration that affects plant growth accumulates, wash the salt with a sufficient amount of water from the media to the septic tank to improve the effect on the plant. It is also possible to do. In the case where the media is washed, and it is considered that the outflowing salt and the like are concentrated so as to affect the water quality, the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 may be moved outside the system and washed.

  The solution interposing device 222 is not particularly limited, and a Versiphon or a solenoid valve can be used, and is usually disposed in the media bed 221.

  In addition, since the water injection from the breeding tank 211 is continuously or intermittently performed to the media bed 221, the water level in the media bed 221 rises and falls between the first water level L 1 and the second water level L 2. The movement will be repeated. Further, when the solid matter capturing unit 229 is disposed, the water level in the solid matter capturing unit 229 moves up and down at the same time as the water level moves up and down between the first water level L1 and the second water level L2. Therefore, when the above-described net is used for the solid matter capturing unit 229, the separation of the solid matter or the biofilm trapped by the net is promoted, and acts to prevent clogging of the mesh.

  The separated solid matter and biofilm move to the lower side of the second water level L2 of the media bed 221. These solids and biofilms are anaerobically decomposed by gradually forming an anaerobic part and decomposed into carbon dioxide, water, methane gas, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and the like. Although the water-soluble component of the produced compound flows out to the media 228 side, ammonia that is highly toxic to the aquatic organism F is nitrified by nitrifying bacteria that have settled in the media 228 and oxygen absorbed and exhausted by vertical movement of the water level, Oxidized to nitric acid, which is less toxic to aquatic organism F. Also, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are dissolved in the injected water and recirculated to the breeding tank 211.

  On the other hand, a component having low solubility in water (methane gas) and a part of the carbon dioxide that has not been dissolved are exhausted by intake / exhaust due to nitrifying bacteria and vertical movement of the water level. In addition, a part of the exhausted carbon dioxide is used for the plant P by plant photosynthesis.

  Other precipitates formed by water-insoluble components gradually accumulate below the second water level L2, and therefore become higher than the second water level L2 at the time of plant replanting, etc. Remove the media 228 and clean it before it flows into the rearing tank 210

(Fertilization to root zone restricted cultivation department

((Conventional problem))
In the conventional aquaponics system 100 shown in FIG. 1, the root of the plant P is located between the lower limit water level and the upper limit water level of the solution interposition device 122, and a sufficient amount of water is always present at the root of the plant P. It will be in the supplied state. And when the water which the fertilizer component melt | dissolved is fertilized to the plant P, the fertilizer component is circulated to the breeding tank 111 via the solution interposition apparatus 122. FIG. Therefore, in the conventional aquaponics system 100, the fertilizer component fertilized flows out into the breeding tank 111 as it is and adversely affects aquatic organisms. For this reason, in view of the adverse effect on the aquatic organism F (and / or its eggs), there has been a problem that necessary fertilization cannot be performed on the plant P.

((Features of this embodiment))
Next, the fertilization to the root zone restricted cultivation part 223 in the media bed 221 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, the figure for demonstrating the fertilization to the root zone restricted cultivation part of the media bed which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the aquaponics system 200 according to the present embodiment, the upper limit water level (first water level L1) of the solution interposing device 222 is set to the position of the water absorbent sheet 224, and the root of the plant P is The solution interposing device 222 is located above the first water level L1. Then, the water supplied to the water absorbing sheet 224 in the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 is sucked up to the medium 226 by the capillary phenomenon due to the surface tension of the water and supplied to the plant P. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the water sucked up to the medium 226 is supplied to the plant P, but does not circulate again to the breeding tank 111.

  And the fertilization to the plant P which concerns on this embodiment also utilizes this water absorption mechanism. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, a nutrient solution (liquid fertilizer) having a capacity that the medium 226 can hold water or a solid fertilizer that gradually dissolves in water is sprinkled into the medium 226 via the Gero 230 or the like. Scatter. The solution (liquid fertilizer) is sucked up by the plant P by transpiration from the leaves of the plant P, and the solid fertilizer dissolves in the water sucked up by the medium 226 by the capillary phenomenon due to the surface tension of the water from the water-absorbing sheet. Sucked up.

  In the Aponix, fertilizer is supplied from the water supplied to the media bed 221. However, in this embodiment, in addition to the fertilizer supplied from the water supplied to the media bed 221

(1) Application to improve plant physiology disorder due to bias of fertilizer elements in circulating water and to supply fertilizer elements to improve fruiting

(2) Supplementary fertilization such as fertilization for supplying physiologically active substances such as amino acids that are highly effective in a small amount can be added. Since the added fertilizer is auxiliary, its supply frequency and supply amount are small, and the amount of fertilizer less than the capacity that the media 226 can hold water is sufficient.

  Since there is a vertical movement of the liquid level by the solution spacing device 122, it may be possible that the fertilizer component will flow out between the water absorbing sheet and the liquid level. Even when a part of the fertilizer component flows out between the water-absorbing sheet and the liquid surface, the outflow amount is very small. For these reasons, hydroponics can be performed under the optimum conditions for fertilizer components, and the occurrence of adverse effects on aquatic organisms F due to the outflow of fertilizer components into the circulating water can be minimized.

(Exchange of root zone restricted cultivation department)

((Conventional problem))
First, in the conventional aquaponics system 100 shown in FIG. 1, the two functions of the cultivation floor for cultivating the plant P and the septic tank for purifying the quality of the circulating water are realized using one medium 123. doing. Therefore, when exchanging the plant P in the crop replacement (planting) period, it is necessary not only to pull out the plant P but also to take out the entire medium 123 and clean and re-install it.

  Here, the role of the water purification of the circulating water that the septic tank plays is the filtration function of solid matter, ammonia nitrogen generated by anaerobic decomposition of solid matter (highly toxic to aquatic organisms), nitrite nitrogen (aquatic organisms) Nitrifying nitrogen nitrate (which is less toxic to aquatic organisms), and the like. The latter nitrification is performed by nitrifying bacteria that have settled in the media and oxygen that is sucked and exhausted by vertical movement of the water level.

  However, nitrifying bacteria have a slow growth rate and usually require a culture period of about one month in order to be able to carry a sufficient nitrifying function. Therefore, when the entire plant culture unit is replaced as in the conventional aquaponics system, there is a problem that the quality of the circulating water is reduced for about one month until the nitrifying bacteria are sufficiently grown on the new media. .

  The plant P also contributes to the purification of the circulating water by absorbing nitrate nitrogen and other components. In the conventional aquaponics system, it is necessary to grow from seedlings at the time of plant replacement. Therefore, the amount of plants necessary for water purification is insufficient for a while after the plant P replacement, and the aquaculture unit frequently changes water. There was a need to do.

  In addition, even when lightweight pumice is used as a medium, the total weight of moisture-containing pumice, moisture-containing plants, and other solid materials becomes very large. The conventional media filled glow bed method described with reference to FIG. 1 is a method that requires less water change than other methods, but removes plants that have been planted, removes roots entangled with the media, Media cleaning and other operations are performed manually and require a great deal of labor and cost.

((Features of this embodiment))
The replacement of the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 in the media bed 221 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. The figure for demonstrating replacement | exchange of the root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part in the aquaponics system which concerns on FIG.5 and FIG.6 at one Embodiment of this invention is shown.

  The media bed 221 according to the present embodiment shares the roles of a root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 that functions as a cultivation bed and a septic tank unit 227 that functions as a septic tank. Since only the root zone restricted cultivation part 223 can be exchanged during the exchange (planting) period of the crops, a sufficient amount of nitrifying bacteria have already settled in the media 228 of the septic tank part 227, so the quality of the circulating water Will not drop.

  In the media bed 221 according to the present embodiment, the root-zone restricted cultivation unit 223 is disposed in contact with the upper part of the media 228 filled in the septic tank unit 227. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, by separating (removing) the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 from the septic tank unit 227, the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 can be easily replaced.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6, by cultivating another root zone restricted cultivation part 223B in advance before exchanging the root zone restricted cultivation part 223A, it is only necessary to replace the root zone restricted cultivation part 223 quickly. Plants can be exchanged. Compared to the conventional media bed 121 shown in FIG. 1, which requires the removal of the plant that was planted, the cleaning of the media including the removal of the roots entangled with the media, and then the growth from transplantable seedlings, It is advantageous to each stage in terms of labor and productivity.

  Further, in the conventional media bed 121, the roots that grow in the gaps of the media 123 increase as the plants grow to fill the gaps, so that the filtration function described above gradually decreases. However, in the media bed 221 according to the present embodiment, since the root does not enter the media 228 of the septic tank unit 227, the above-described filtration function is continued for a long time.

  Furthermore, only the lower part of the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 is in contact with the circulating water, and the root amount used by the plant for water supply can be restricted by adjusting the thickness of the media of the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223. The amount of water supplied from the root can be reduced relative to the amount of water transpiration from the leaves of the plant P. For this reason, high sugar content cultivation of fruit vegetables, such as a cherry tomato, a tomato, and a melon, by giving a water stress to the plant P is attained.

(Root zone limited cultivation kit)
In FIG. 7, the figure for demonstrating the root zone restricted cultivation kit in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown.

  Specifically, the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 may be used in a state of being stored in a container formed of plastic, for example. In this case, at least one hole is formed in the lower part of the container, and water is supplied to the water absorbing sheet 224 through the hole during hydroponics. By this embodiment, it becomes possible to sell the root zone restricted cultivation part 223 accommodated in the container as a root zone restricted cultivation part kit for an aquaponics system.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, the root zone restricted cultivation unit kit may process the water absorbent sheet 224 and use the water absorbent sheet 224 itself as a container (planter). In this case, the root zone restricted cultivation part kit for an aquaponics system has a configuration in which a water-absorbing sheet 224 is used as a container, a root-proof water-permeable sheet 225 is disposed therein, and a medium 226 is disposed therein.

  Furthermore, by applying this embodiment using a container, a plurality of root zone restricted cultivation parts 223 can be arranged with respect to one aquaponics system, and therefore different in one aquaponics system. Kinds of plants (for example, P1 to P5 in FIG. 7) can be cultivated simultaneously

(Disinfection of restricted root cultivation department)
In FIG. 8, the figure for demonstrating the disinfection method of a root zone restricted cultivation part in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown.

  In the aquaponics system 200 according to the present embodiment, when the plant P2 of the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 is damaged by a pest as shown in FIG. 8, the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 is taken out of the system. It is possible to move and remove pests and pests using agrochemicals by foliar spraying, etc., and return to the aquaponics system 200 again.

  In this case, after spraying, after a sufficient curing period has passed, the agroponics system 200 is returned to the aquaponics system 200 so that agricultural chemicals do not flow out from the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223 into the aquaponics system 200.

(Relocation of root zone restricted cultivation department)
The aquaponics system 200 according to the present embodiment can arrange a plurality of root zone restricted cultivation units 223 and can move only the root zone restricted cultivation unit 223. Therefore, it is possible to replace the installation place between the root zone restricted cultivation units 223 so as to improve the light environment at a specific position in the aquaponics system 200.

  In FIG. 9, the figure for demonstrating rearrangement of the root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown. The aquaponics system 200 which concerns on this embodiment can implement the remodeling of cultivation space not only at a planting period but at arbitrary timings by cultivating a different kind of plant in a plurality of root zone restriction cultivation parts 223. it can. Specifically, the arrangement of the plants P1 to P5 can be changed as shown from the left diagram to the right diagram in FIG. This embodiment is a function that can be used significantly when building an aquaponics system for ornamental use.

(Reuse of restricted root cultivation department)
Next, with reference to FIG. 10, the reuse method of the root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part 223 is demonstrated. In FIG. 10, the figure for demonstrating the reuse method of the root zone restriction | limiting cultivation part of the media bed which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown.

  The root zone restricted cultivation part 223 removed by the exchange of the plant is separated into three parts: a medium 226, a water absorbing sheet 224, a root-proof water permeable sheet 225, and a plant P as shown in FIG.

As described above, since the medium having a preferable particle diameter of 4 to 7 mm is used, it can be easily separated from the roots of the plant. Further, the media 226, the water absorbent sheet 224, and the root-proof water permeable sheet 225 can be reused by being disinfected after cleaning.
<Example>
A specific example will be shown as one of the best forms of aquaponics using the media bed according to the present embodiment. In this example, as a target for aquaculture, sturgeon was selected because high value-added products such as caviar are expected, and as a target for hydroponics, cherry tomatoes with high sugar content were selected for the same reason. The present invention is not limited in this respect.

  Prepare a breeding tank (water tank) with an internal dimension of 2.7m x 15.0m x 0.9m (W x D x H) where the water flow pump and air pump are installed, and the inner dimension is 0.5m above it A resin-made media bed of × 0.9 m × 0.23 m (W × D × H) was prepared. A total of 17 media beds were arranged so that the bottom surface was 0.5 m above the breeding tank.

  The media bed was equipped with a Versiphon that started draining at a water level of 185 mm (first water level: 185 mm) and completed draining at a water level of 20 mm (second water level: 20 mm). The wastewater from the media bed was circulated to the breeding tank.

  On one short side of the media bed, a plastic net of 495 mm x 600 mm x 200 mm (W x D x H) is rolled into a cylindrical shape, and a solid of 180 mm x 495 mm x 100 mm (W x D x H) An object trap was provided.

  A region other than the solid matter capturing portion in the media bed was filled with pumice having a particle diameter of 11 to 20 mm as a medium from the inner bottom surface to a height of 180 mm.

  On the top of the media, a jam guard (registered trademark: product number: 7210S1020) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was laid as a water absorbent sheet. At this time, the edge of the water absorbent sheet was folded up and laid so that the edge of the water absorbent sheet evenly protruded upward from the edge of the media bed.

  Next, a water-proof permeable sheet (product number: BSK0812) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was laid on the upper part of the water-absorbing sheet. At this time, the edge of the root-proof permeable sheet was folded and laid upward so that the edge of the root-proof permeable sheet protruded evenly upward from the edge of the media bed.

  On the upper part of the water-proof permeable sheet, horticultural perlite having a particle diameter in the range of 4 to 7 mm was laid as a medium so that the thickness was 30 to 40 mm.

  Groundwater was supplied to the aquarium, 100 1st-year sturgeon and 100 2nd-year sturgeon were introduced, and 1 to 2 strains of cherry tomatoes (variety: Chika et al.) Were planted in the garden perlite.

  The water cultivating the sturgeon was poured into each media bed at a flow rate of 10 L / min through a pipe by a water flow pump. Water injection was carried out from the upper part of the solid matter capturing part. The water pump was intermittently operated to repeat operation and pause every 30 minutes in order to save energy costs.

  In addition, the aquaponics system in a present Example was installed in the 7.2 m x 20 m greenhouse, and was implemented without heating. Throughout the examples, the water temperature in the breeding tank was in the range of 8 ° C to 30 ° C.

  Feeding the sturgeon was performed by appropriately adjusting the blended feed of the weight required from the body weight of a general fish age while observing the amount of leftover food of the sturgeon and leaving no leftover food.

  As for the water in the breeding tank, half of the water volume was replaced with new groundwater at a frequency of 0.5 times a month depending on the degree of contamination. In addition, water that was reduced by evaporation was appropriately injected.

  The state of growth of cherry tomatoes was observed, and liquid fertilizer containing the necessary fertilizer elements was diluted with groundwater to a general application concentration according to the signs of lack of fertilizer elements, and uniformly sprayed on the entire surface of the medium. The amount of water sprayed was such that the medium could be retained, and the amount of liquid fertilizer that was sprayed was not mixed into the circulating water that was cultivating sturgeon.

  The electrical conductivity (EC) of water used for sturgeon farming and cherry tomato cultivation ranged from 0.63 mS / cm to 0.69 mS / cm. Moreover, pH was the range of 6.3-6.8. Coral fossil was used for pH adjustment, and salt was used for electric conductivity adjustment.

  After seedling planting, cherry tomato fruits started to be produced in about one month, and cherry tomato fruits that were ripe enough to be harvested in about three months were harvested. A total of 14 ripe cherry tomatoes obtained 4 to 5 months after the start of cultivation were divided into two and 28 samples were examined. The minimum sugar content was 7.2 ° Bx and the maximum was 10.5 ° Bx. The average value was 8.5 ° Bx. This was a high sugar content compared to normal cherry tomatoes.

  In the conventional media bed system, the water was changed about 0.5 to 2 times in January. However, after the facility was improved to the aquaponics system in this embodiment, the water was changed in January. The frequency was improved to 0.5 times or less. In addition, clogging of the media in the septic tank section has been eliminated, and management has become easier. In addition, the function of the septic tank, which is destabilized by the clogging of the media by solids and plant roots with no clogging of the media, is thought to be the accumulation of nitrite nitrogen, which has been generated frequently in summer. The occurrence of poisoning death of sturgeon is no longer.

  An increase in lethality, such as sturgeon poisoning due to water quality deterioration, will cause a large economic loss in management, so reducing the period of water quality deterioration, such as during septic tank cleaning, reduces economic risks and makes this embodiment industrially Provide useful results. In addition, the conventional sturgeon farming requires a cultivation period of at least 7 to 10 years for caviar cultivation and a cultivation period of 3 years or more for meat production. There was a fact that it was not possible. However, by using the media bed according to the present embodiment, it is possible to cultivate a high sugar content cherry tomato having a high added value from about three months after the start of cultivation. As a result, it has become possible to create a sturgeon aquaculture industry that is more profitable and can contribute to management stability.

<Summary>
As described above, the media bed according to the present embodiment circulates water in a system having an aquaculture unit and a hydroponic cultivation unit, and cultivates aquatic organisms and / or eggs of the aquatic organisms in the aquaculture unit, A media bed for the hydroponics part of the system for cultivating agricultural products in the hydroponic part, wherein the media bed is a septic tank that purifies water supplied from the aquaculture part, When the water level in the vertical direction of the water reaches the first water level, a solution intermittent device that drains the water until the second water level is reached, and a water absorption sheet, a root-proof water-permeable sheet and a medium from the lower side in the vertical direction are included. The first water level is set at the position of the water absorbent sheet.

  The media bed according to the present embodiment uses a mechanism that sucks up the water circulating through the aquaculture unit and the hydroponic unit by capillary action, and thus does not affect the culture quality of the aquatic organism F. It is possible to control the cultivation conditions of plants. In particular, since water stress cultivation can be performed in the hydroponic cultivation section, it is possible to produce agricultural products having higher added value than before.

  Moreover, since the root zone restricted cultivation part is arrange | positioned at the upper part of the medium with which the septic tank part was filled, separating a root zone restricted cultivation part from a septic tank part can exchange a root zone restricted cultivation part easily. Can do.

  It should be noted that although the present invention has been described by way of preferred embodiments of the present invention with specific examples, these specific examples may be used without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. Obviously, various modifications and changes can be made to the examples. In other words, the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the details of the specific examples and the accompanying drawings.

  The type of aquaculture product that can be cultivated by aquaculture using the aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any fish that can be cultivated by a conventional aquaponics system and its fish egg It can be cultivated, and specific examples include freshwater fish such as sturgeon, tilapia, salmon, salmon, salmon, rainbow trout, and their eggs.

  In addition, the type of crop that can be cultivated by hydroponics using the aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any agricultural product that can be cultivated by a conventional media bed system can be cultivated. is there. Furthermore, by increasing the amount of soil covering, it becomes possible to produce root vegetables including potatoes such as sweet potatoes and potatoes, which could not be produced by conventional media beds where plants are cultivated under intermittent flooding conditions. Furthermore, in the aquaponics system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, the crop which can harvest a high sugar content crop can be cultivated by giving water stress, such as a cherry tomato, a tomato, and a melon.

In addition, the aquaponics (system) in the present specification and claims is:
Aquaculture (aquaculture) and hydroponics (hydroponics) that produce aquatic organisms F and / or eggs and agricultural products by combining aquaculture (fish and / or egg culture) and hydroponics However, those skilled in the art can fully understand the definition of this word.

200 Aquaponics System 210 Aquaculture Division 211 Breeding Tank 212 Water Pump 213 Air Pump 220 Hydroponics Division 221 Media Bed 222 Solution Spacing Device 223 Root Zone Restriction Cultivation Section 224 Water Absorption Sheet 225 Root-proof Permeable Sheet 226 Media 227 Septic Tank 228 Media 229 Solid matter capturing part 230 Gero P Plant L1 First water level L2 Second water level

Claims (7)

A system for circulating water in a system having an aquaculture unit and a hydroponic cultivation unit, culturing aquatic organisms and / or eggs of the aquatic organisms in the aquaculture unit, and cultivating agricultural products in the hydroponic unit A media bed for the hydroponics part of
The media bed is
A septic tank for purifying water supplied from the aquaculture unit;
When the vertical water level of the water in the media bed reaches the first water level, a solution intermittent device that discharges water until the second water level is reached;
A cultivation part comprising a water-absorbing sheet, a root-proof water-permeable sheet and a medium from the lower side in the vertical direction,
Have
The first water level is a media bed set at a position of the water absorbent sheet.   The media bed according to claim 1, wherein an edge of the water absorbent sheet or an edge of the water absorbent sheet and the root-proof water permeable sheet is folded upward.   The medium includes one or more materials selected from the group of pearlite, pumice sand, lava sand, dredged sand, river sand, hinata soil, culture soil having air permeability and capillary water absorption, and a range of 4 to 7 mm. The media bed according to claim 1, wherein the media bed has an inner particle size.   The media bed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the septic tank is provided with a solid matter capturing unit formed of a net made of metal such as resin or stainless steel. A system for circulating water in a system having an aquaculture unit and a hydroponic cultivation unit, culturing aquatic organisms and / or eggs of the aquatic organisms in the aquaculture unit, and cultivating agricultural products in the hydroponic unit Because
The hydroponic cultivation part
A septic tank for purifying water supplied from the aquaculture unit;
When the water level in the vertical direction of the water in the hydroponic cultivation part reaches the first water level, a solution intermittent device that discharges water until reaching the second water level,
A cultivation part comprising a water-absorbing sheet, a root-proof water-permeable sheet and a medium from the lower side in the vertical direction,
The first water level is set at the position of the water absorbent sheet,
The aquaculture unit
A breeding tank for breeding the aquatic organisms;
A water pump for supplying water in the breeding tank to the hydroponic cultivation section;
A system having an air pump for aerating the breeding tank. A system for circulating water in a system having an aquaculture unit and a hydroponic cultivation unit, culturing aquatic organisms and / or eggs of the aquatic organisms in the aquaculture unit, and cultivating agricultural products in the hydroponic unit A hydroponics method using
The hydroponic cultivation part
A septic tank for purifying water supplied from the aquaculture unit;
When the water level in the vertical direction of the water in the hydroponic cultivation part reaches the first water level, a solution intermittent device that discharges water until reaching the second water level,
A cultivation part comprising a water-absorbing sheet, a root-proof water-permeable sheet and a medium from the lower side in the vertical direction,
Have
The cultivation method, wherein the first water level is set at a position of the water absorbing sheet. Using a system that circulates water in a system having an aquaculture unit and a hydroponic unit, and produces aquatic organisms and / or eggs of the aquatic organisms in the hydroponic unit in the hydroponic unit An aquaculture method,
The hydroponic cultivation part
A septic tank for purifying water supplied from the aquaculture unit;
When the water level in the vertical direction of the water in the hydroponic cultivation part reaches the first water level, a solution intermittent device that discharges water until reaching the second water level,
A cultivation part comprising a water-absorbing sheet, a root-proof water-permeable sheet and a medium from the lower side in the vertical direction,
Have
The aquaculture method, wherein the first water level is set at a position of the water absorbent sheet.