RU2286037C2 - Method for presowing treatment of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, including seed growing.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing action of laser radiation having wavelength of 632.8 nm; subjecting seeds to continuous single-cycle treatment with effective radiation dose; after single-cycle treatment, sowing seeds without holding before sowing procedure.

EFFECT: reduced presowing seed treatment time.

2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to crop production and seed production of vegetable and grain crops.

The essence of the method consists in a single-cycle laser continuous seed treatment and sowing them after irradiation without bedding.

Known methods of pre-sowing multi-cycle laser seed treatment with a wavelength of 632.8 to them with pause-dwellings between cycles from 3-12 hours to 3 days and with dwellings before sowing after treatment up to 20-30 days [1] (analog). This increases the duration of pre-sowing preparation of seeds and does not ensure production flow.

Closest to the proposed regime of seed treatment is a method of laser irradiation with sowing seeds immediately after irradiation without bedding [2] (prototype), however, requiring a long exposure (4-12 hours) of irradiation and therefore low productivity.

The purpose of the invention is the intensification of the process of pre-sowing seed preparation by reducing its duration.

The goal is achieved by providing a one-time total effective dose of radiation with the exception of intermediate pauses between exposures and post-exposure post-exposure.

It is known that the minimally necessary bedding after light exposure during photosynthesis is due to the characteristics of the redox processes of plants (Prince Physiology of Agricultural Plants, Volume I A.I. Oparin, Moscow State University, 1967).

However, at high intensities of the exciting light and the non-chlorophyll nature of its absorption (in seeds), high-speed processes of assimilation of quantum energy (absorption per 100 ... 500 ps) occur (pr. Plant photovoltaics and crops, A.A. Shakhov, M., 1993, p. 42), transfer of electronic excitation (for 0.25 ... 0.85 ps) and annihilation (energy conversion) of electronic excitation into biochemical reactions with the synthesis of protein compounds (10 ^-4 , 10 ^-3 s,) (Shakhov A .A., 1993, p. 46).

The proposed method consists in intensifying light exposure by single-cycle laser irradiation (per load without pauses) with an LG-75 quantum generator with a wavelength of 632.8 nm, an intensity of 120 mW / cm ² , providing a total dose equivalent to multi-cycle laser treatment and sowing seeds without tracking after irradiation.

The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by the experimental facts of many years of comparative laboratory and field experiments (1993 ... 2003) on laser irradiation regimes with pauses between cycles and continuous without pauses at equal doses (for example, on cereals - table 1 and figure 1, winter rye vegetation a- in vitro, b, c - germination), as well as experiments on sowing seeds after irradiation with burnt and burnt-out grades (table 2 and figa, b).

The effect of intermediate overburden between irradiation cycles on the sowing quality of seeds (% of control)

Table 1 No. p / p Option Radiation dose. (multiple from LG-75) Physiological indicators Germination.% Stem length, L _c ,% The length of the root L _to ,% Biomass W,% Wheat "ENITA" (medium for 3 op.) one. 1st cycle laser. continuous 2 times 70 158 161 146.7 2. Laser 2 cycle. with pauses. 7 days 2 times 60 111 140 126.3 Winter rye "Tatarstan" (Wednesday. 7 op.) one. 1st cycle laser. continuous 2 times 75 105 171 138 2. Laser 2 cycle. with pauses. 9 days 2 times 81 89 105 102 3. 1st cycle laser. continuous 3 times 77 110 121 119 four. Laser 2-x cycle. with pauses. 9 days 3 times 62 99 111 106.8

Statistical processing of the results of many years of experiments (1995-2002) on the effect of presowing bedding after laser irradiation on the crop showed an inverse relationship between the effective bedding duration and the dose (with a probability p = 0.78 of obtaining maximum biological yields) (table 2 of figure 2 )

The effect of presowing bedding after laser irradiation on the sowing and productive qualities of seeds,% of control.

table 2 No. p / p Option Dose Germination.% Green biomass., Dry biomass, mg /% With tracing Without trash With tracing Without trash With tracing Without trash Winter rye "Tatarstan", 1995-2000 g, 12 days dormant one. Laser 1x S6 86 94 115.5 27/135 69/120 Laser 2x 83 83 112.5 119.5 30/150 120/240 Laser 3x 83 93 119.2 122.6 41/205 140/280 Barley, 2000, 12 days post-harvest. 2. Laser 2x 70 74 128.5 152 - - Wheat "Luba", 2001-2002 uncooked Harvest c / ha /% 3. Laser 3x 98 96 - - 33/122 33.9 / 126

At high radiation doses, bedding before sowing is less effective (Fig. 2a, Laser - III with bedding).

With an increase in the dose of laser irradiation to obtain maximum biomass (yield), seeds can be sown immediately after irradiation without bedding (fig.2b, 3-fold laser). The positive effect of laser treatment when sowing seeds without bedding is due to the occurrence of anaerobic respiration in seeds under conditions of oxygen deficiency.

The method of pre-sowing continuous single-cycle laser irradiation, tested by many years of experience, without intermediate stowage and sowing seed without stowage immediately after irradiation, reduces the processing time and labor costs of preparing seeds by 2 ... 3 times in comparison with the known 2 ... 3 cycle treatments and provides production flow.

LITERATURE

1. V.M. Inyushin, G.U. Ilyasov, N.N. Fedorova. Prince “A laser beam and a crop,” Alma-Ata. Ed. Kaynar, 1981, p. 181 (analogue).

2. V.A. Kivriga, O.V. Blyandur, G.Z.Vatamanyuk, V.G. Botnaryuk. The method of presowing seed treatment A.S. No. 1748690. B.I. No. 27, 1992 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing seed treatment, including exposure to laser radiation with a wavelength of 632.8 nm, characterized in that the seeds are subjected to continuous single-cycle processing with an effective dose and sown without bedding before sowing.

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