RU2746277C1 - Method for activating germination of soybean seeds with led monochromatic lighting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing and can be used to increase the germination of soybean seeds, in breeding using agrobiotechnological systems with artificial lighting in technologies for obtaining germinated soybean seeds and obtaining microgreens. The method includes germinating soybean seeds under LED lighting. Soybean seeds are germinated for 7 days under standard conditions at room temperature and moistening the seeds using green LEDs with a wavelength of 525 nm as a source of monochromatic continuous illumination with the generation of low-intensity photons of 1.44 mcmol / (m² ⋅ s) at the substrate level with seeds.

EFFECT: increased possibilities of using LED lighting in the variant of low-intensity monochromatic spectrum of green light to increase the germination of soybean seeds, the productivity of sprouts during 7-day germination.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, in plant growing, can be used to increase seed germination, in breeding using agrobiotechnological systems with artificial lighting in technologies for obtaining germinated soybean seeds and obtaining microgreens.

Known technology for the use of LED light sources in the photoculture of plants in greenhouses and greenhouses, which makes it possible to long-term constant irradiation with combined light with the inclusion of polychromatic lighting in the luminous flux of red (SD KS), blue (SD SS) and green (SD ZS) lights (Kuryanova I .V., Olonina SI Assessment of the influence of different spectra of LED lamps on the growth and development of vegetable crops "Vestnik NGIEI, 2017.№7 (74) p.35-44)

Such light sources are offered by many manufacturers as phytolamps. As a rule, artificial lighting for various types of plants in greenhouses is studied only from the point of view of the possibility of increasing photosynthesis at different stages of vegetative and generative development during the growing season of specific plants in protected ground conditions.

For each plant, the issues of the influence of artificial lighting in its various components are specifically investigated in the spectra of electromagnetic radiation, intensity and exposure time at different stages of vegetation and photosynthesis, in the development of technology elements for protected ground (patent No. 2601055, published 10.27.2014 Bull. No. 30. MPK А01С1 / 00, А01С1 / 02)

An analogue of the proposed solution is the study of supplementary lighting of salad mustard in the phase of technical maturity of plants with LED lamps with a red and blue polydisperse spectrum (Zelenkov V.N., Kosobryukhov A.A., Lapin A.A., Latushkin V.V. Productivity and antioxidant activity of lettuce mustard under irradiation with red and blue light in a closed system of a phytotron of the synergotron ISR-1.1 class / Life cycle and plant ecology: regulation and management of the habitat in agrobiotechnological systems. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1 / Edited by Prof. VN Zelenkov - M .: Technosphere, 2018 - S. 144-154. ISBN 978-5-94836-543-5, DOI: 10.22184 / 978-5-94836-543-5-142-152.

However, this analogue considers the light source in the red region of the LED lamp as a polydisperse photon source of a wide red region of the controlled lamp of the synergotron model 1.01 (developed by the ANO Institute for Development Strategies, Moscow) and provides a technical solution to the intensification of plant growth in lettuce crops only in the phase technical maturity.

It is known that the effect of light at the stage of seed germination has little to do with the intensity of photosynthesis, because photosynthetic apparatus - plant leaves, not yet formed.

A technical solution is known in which potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum L.) variety Zhukovsky early were grown by the aeroponics method in two phytotron chambers with predominantly irradiation of plants with blue LEDs (λmax = 470 nm, LED SS) or red light (λmax = 660 nm, LED KS ) in the field of PAR. In the same cell share of blue light irradiation at a total intensity of PAR 400 ± 28 mmol / m ^2, was 293.6 micromol / m ² s, in another proportion of red light - 262.0 mmol / m ² (Yu.Ts.Martirosyan , L.Yu. Martirosyan, AA Kosobryukhov. Dynamics of photosynthetic processes in conditions of variable spectral irradiation of plants. Agricultural biology, 2019, volume 54, No. 5, pp . 130-139).

Using different illumination intensities, with a predominance of the blue or red component of the light flux in the spectra, the authors solved the problems of understanding the mechanism of adaptation of plants in natural growing conditions and the possibilities of using LED sources of different spectral composition for photoculture, taking into account the time of action of the blue or red component of the irradiation spectrum. The data obtained by the authors can only be applied to potatoes under phytotron conditions using only polychrome lighting. The question of using this approach with the implementation of a specific method of artificial lighting, for example, for a protein agricultural crop of soybeans, remains open.

It is known that when supplementary lighting of salad mustard in the phase of technical maturity of plants with LED lamps with a red and blue polydisperse spectrum, it is possible to control the productivity of plants and the parameters of the antioxidant activity of its green mass (Zelenkov V.N., Kosobryukhov A.A., Lapin A.A., Latushkin V.V. / Productivity and antioxidant activity of lettuce mustard under irradiation with red and blue light in a closed system of a phytotron of the synergotron ISR-1.1 class. // Life cycle and plant ecology: regulation and management of the habitat in agrobiotechnological systems. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1 / edited by Prof. V. N. Zelenkov - M .: Technosphere, 2018 - P.144-154. ISBN 978-5-94836-543-5, DOI: 10.22184 / 978-5-94836-543-5-142 -152.

However, this analogue considers the light source in the red region of the LED lamp radiation as a polychromatic source of photons of a wide region of red radiation and provides a solution to the issues of intensifying the growth of lettuce crops in the phase of technical maturity of the lettuce.

Close to the proposed solution is a study at the All-Russian Research Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants when considering the light factor when germinating seeds of medicinal plants with a long dormant period, which reduces the effectiveness of their use in medicinal plant growing due to low germination, both laboratory and field. The authors of the work use the full spectra of emitters of red and blue light when germinating seeds of nightshade and belladonna (N.Yu. Svistunova, P.S. Savin. Influence of various conditions on the germination of seeds of some medicinal plants after long-term storage / Ideas of N. I. Vavilov in modern world: abstracts of reports in the IV Vavilov international conference. -Saint Petersburg, November 20-24, 2017 St. Petersburg: VIR, 2017, p. 149).

In the known method, the authors use the spectra of blue and red illumination of a wide range and a high energy component of the generated photon beams. The variant with red illumination of seeds during germination turned out to be the most effective for the implementation of germination of seeds of medicinal plants belladonna and nightshade. However, the authors do not indicate the intensity of illumination and the exact wavelengths of red and blue light, which is essential for the practical implementation of the method in germination technologies for other crops. This does not allow the authors' data to be applied, for example, to a soybean crop when germinating seeds.

The closest to the proposed solution is the Japanese patent (JP 3198211 U, 18.06.2015). The authors of the prototype work use the full spectra of 3 LED emitters in a certain combination of red, blue and green light at certain ratios of the red / green and red / blue intensity range, which does not allow identifying the optimum for monospectral radiation for a particular soybean crop during its germination.

The technical result is to expand the possibilities of using LED lighting in the version of the monochromatic spectrum of low-intensity green light to increase the germination of soybean seeds, the productivity of sprouts during 7-day germination.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that, unlike the prototype, soybean seeds are germinated for 7 days under standard conditions at room temperature and moistening the seeds using monochromatic continuous illumination with green LEDs with a wavelength of 525 nm as a light source when generating photons low intensity of 1.44 mol / m ² s at substrate level with the seed.

The method is carried out as follows:

The studies were carried out using an experimental sample of an agrobiotechnological system - a synergotron with digital programmed control of the main parameters of the environment (model 1.01, designed by ANO Institute for Development Strategies, Moscow). As an object of research, a representative of leguminous crops was taken - soy, the Alena variety (selection of the All-Russian Soybean Research Institute, Blagoveshchensk).

Germination of soybean seeds was carried out in accordance with GOST 12038-84 with changes, namely: instead of filter paper, a substrate of mineral wool in the form of plates 20 * 20 cm (400 cm ² ) was used. The number of seeds is 50 pieces, threefold repetition. Watering was carried out with distilled water as the substrate dries up. 2 options were used as a control:

- control 1 - germination in the dark,

- control 2 - germination under a LED polychromatic phytolamp with polychromatic photon emission and recommended for growing plants.

Germination of soybean seeds in the dark in accordance with GOST 12038-84, as well as 3 experimental options with monochromatic low-energy LED illumination of blue (SD SS), green (SD ZS) and red (SD KS) light with wavelengths of 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm and an intensity of 6.53 μM / m ² s, 1.44 μM / m ² s and 2.36 μM / m ² s, respectively, and control option 2 under the illumination of a polychromatic LED source - a phytolamp produced by the industry.

On the 7th day, the germination of seeds in the control and experimental variants was determined, the height and productivity of seedlings were measured in 3 replicates. The arithmetic mean of germination and measurement of the height and wet biomass of the shoots were determined.

The test results of the implementation of the method are shown in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1. Germination (7th day) of soybean seeds (Alena variety)

Experience Option Germination,% Change in germination relative to control 1,% Change in germination relative to control 2,% Germinating seeds in the dark - control 1 78 - - Germinating seeds in the light under a phytolamp - control 2 36 - - Sprouting seeds under constant illumination of 440 nm LED MOP, 6.52 mol / m ² s 60 - 23.1 + 66.7 Sprouting seeds under constant illumination of 525 nm LED of AP, 1.44 mmol / m ² 77 - 1.2 + 105.6 Sprouting seeds under constant illumination of 660 nm LED COP, 2.36 mol / m ² s 72 - 7.7 + 100.0

Application of the proposed method, using LED sources of blue (SD SS), green (SD ZS) and red (SD KS) light with wavelengths of 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm with low intensity when germinating seeds for 7 days under continuous illumination leads to a decrease in germination relative to germination in the dark by 23.1%, 1.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Germination of soybean seeds according to the proposed method in comparison with germination under the illumination of a polychromatic phytolamp increases the germination of soybean seeds by 66.7%, 105.6% and 100.0%, respectively (Table 1).

Table 2. Height (cm) and productivity of shoots (weight of shoots, g) on the 7th day of germination of soybean seeds (Alena variety)

Experience Option Sprout height, cm Height change to control 1,% Height change to control 2,% sprout weight, g Change in sprout weight to control 1,% Change in sprout weight to control 2,% Germinating seeds in the dark - control 1 10.6 - - 0.80 - - Germinating seeds in the light under a phytolamp - control 2 6.8 - - 0.71 - - Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD SS 440 nm,
6.52 mol / m ² s 11.0 + 3.8 + 61.8 0.79 - 1.3 + 11.3 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD ЗС 525 nm,
1.44 mol / m ² s 10.7 + 0.9 + 57.4 0.80 0 + 12.7 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of CD KS 660 nm,
2.36 mol / m ² s 7.2 - 32.1 + 5.9 0.65 -18.8 - 8.5

In the variants of application of the method SD SS and SD ZS, there is an increase in the height of soybean sprouts by 3.8% and 0.9% in comparison with control 1 and an increase in the height of sprouts by 61.8% and 57.4% in comparison with control 2 (phytolamp ). At the same time, the positive effect persists for these variants and in the case of soybean sprout productivity, which is manifested in an increase of 11.3% and 12.7% relative to control 2. For the SD SS variant, a slight decrease in productivity is observed (by 1.3%) relative to control 1, for the variant of the SD ZS there are no changes in productivity relative to control 1 (Table 2).

Only in the case of CD KS there is a significant decrease in the height of sprouts by 32.2% relative to control 1 with an increase of 5.9% relative to the use of phytolamp - control 2 (Table 2). However, in this version of the illumination of the SD KS, there is a decrease in the productivity of soybeans in terms of the biomass of sprouts relative to control 1 and control 2 by 18.8% and 8.5%, respectively.

Only the option of using green monochromatic illumination of the LED ZS with a low intensity of 1.44 μM / m ² realizes the possibilities of the maximum positive effect on the parameters of growth, productivity and germination. Only the germination rate relative to the control in this variant of the method has a decrease in the indicator by 1.2%, which is within the limits of the determination error. At the same time, a new quality of sprouts is formed upon receipt of their biomass. The action of photons triggers the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments of chlorophyll and carotenoids and a new type of autotrophic nutrition at the germination stage.

This makes it possible to obtain germinated soybean seeds with increased biological activity relative to the control - dark germination of seeds with an increase in productivity relative to control 2 (using phytolamps).

Thus, the use of the proposed method with the use of low-energy monochromatic radiation LED lamp DM AP (radiation intensity of 1.44 mol / m ² s) allows to obtain germinated soybean seeds in the form of primary mikrozeleni with new content photosynthetic active components - primary products of photosynthesis already 7 day for a healthy diet, and use this approach to obtain new biotypes of soybeans in breeding.

Claims (1)

A method for activating the germination of soybean seeds, including LED lighting, characterized in that soybean seeds are germinated for 7 days under standard conditions at room temperature and moistening the seeds using as a source of monochromatic continuous illumination of green light LEDs with a wavelength of 525 nm when generating low photons intensity 1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) at the level of the substrate with seeds.