RU2742954C1 - Method for activating germination of abyssinian nougat seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to plant growing. Method includes the use of lighting. The seeds are pretreated with an aqueous sol of 0.001% hydrothermal nanosilica for 120 minutes, followed by sowing and germination of seeds on a substrate. Watering is carried out with distilled water as the substrate dries for 7 days under continuous illumination with blue light LEDs with a wavelength of 440 nm, or green light LEDs with a wavelength of 525 nm, or red light LEDs with a wavelength of 660 nm. Moreover, for all sources, a mode of low intensity of generated photons is used in the range of 1.44-6.52 mcM/(m2⋅s) at the level of the substrate with seeds.EFFECT: expands the possibilities of using LED lighting in the version of monochromatic spectra of blue, green and red light in combination with treatment before seed germination with nanoparticles of silica of hydrothermal origin to increase the germination of Abyssinian nougat seeds, the productivity of its sprouts in the phase of 7-day germination.1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing, and can be used to increase seed germination, in breeding using agrobiotechnological systems with artificial lighting and expanding the field of application of hydrothermal nanosilica in technologies for producing sprouted Abyssinian nougat for healthy nutrition.

In the last 20 years, agrobiotechnological systems of various designs and modifications, designed to study the processes of growing plants under controlled conditions, have been actively involved in the practice of agricultural science and biotechnology. In Russia, these technical systems are best known under the term phytotrons. In recent years, modifications of phytotrons have also appeared to solve the problems of growing plants for space nutrition and medicine (Konovalova I.O., Berkovich Yu.A., Erokhin A.N., Smolyanina S.O., Yakovleva O.S., Znamenskiy A. I., Tarakanov I.G., Radchenko S.G., Lapach S.N. Substantiation of optimal plant illumination modes for the "Vitacyc-T" space greenhouse // Aviacosm. And Ecological Med. - 2016. - V. 50, No. 4. - P. 28-36) as well as the class of phytotrons - synergotrons with program-controlled parameters, including lighting modes with LED light sources (Life cycle and plant ecology: regulation and management of the habitat in agrobiotechnological systems. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1 / Edited by Prof. V.N. Zelenkov - M .: Technosphere, 2018 .-- 208p. ISBN 978-5-94836-543-5).

An analogue of the proposed invention is the study of supplementary lighting of salad mustard in the phase of technical maturity of plants with LED lamps with a red and blue polydisperse spectrum (Zelenkov V.N., Kosobryukhov A.A., Lapin A.A., Latushkin V.V. Productivity and antioxidant activity of lettuce mustard under irradiation with red and blue light in a closed system of a phytotron of the synergotron ISR-1.1 class / Life cycle and plant ecology: regulation and management of the habitat in agrobiotechnological systems. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1 / Edited by Prof. VN Zelenkov - M .: Technosphere, 2018 - S. 144-154. ISBN 978-5-94836-543-5, DOI: 10.22184 / 978-5-94836-543-5-142-152.

However, this analogue considers the light source in the red region of the LED lamp as a polydisperse photon source of a wide red region of the controlled lamp of the synergotron model 1.01 (developed by the ANO Institute of Development Strategies, Moscow) and provides a technical solution to the intensification of the growth of lettuce crops only in the technical phase. maturity.

It is known that the effect of light at the stage of seed germination has little to do with the intensity of photosynthesis, because photosynthetic apparatus - plant leaves, not yet formed. The closest to the proposed solution is the work: Zelenkov V.N. Latushkin V.V., Karpachev V.V., Baryshok V.P., Vernik P.A., Gavrilov S.V. Influence of the organosilicon compound 1-ethoxysilatrane and mineral nutrient solution on the growth of Abyssinian nougat seedlings under different modes of pulsed illumination. // Sat. scientific. works on mat. XIII Int. symposium "New and non-traditional plants and prospects for their use", Moscow, RUDN, 13.06.2019, pp.65-67.

In the known prototype method, the authors use a wide range of illumination spectra with a high energy component of the generated photon beams, the reduction of the total intensity level of which is achieved by modes in the variants of switching LED lighting from continuous to intermittent - pulse modes. However, the prototype method does not allow achieving the required technical result when germinating nougat seeds in comparison with the proposed solution of LED monochromatic lighting with a given low photon intensity in the area of blue, or green or red monospectra in a closed agrobiotechnological system - synergotron.

The technical result is to expand the possibilities of using LED lighting in the variant of monochromatic spectra of blue, green and red light in combination with treatment before germination of seeds with nanoparticles of silica of hydrothermal origin to increase the germination of Abyssinian nougat seeds, the productivity of its shoots in the phase of 7-day germination.

The technical solution of the claimed invention is that, unlike the prototype, the seeds are pretreated with an aqueous sol of 0.001% hydrothermal nanosilica for 120 minutes, followed by sowing and germination of seeds on a substrate, watering is carried out with distilled water as the substrate dries for 7 days, with continuous illumination with blue light LEDs with a wavelength of 440 nm or green light LEDs with a wavelength of 525 nm or red light LEDs with a wavelength of 660 nm, and for all sources a low intensity mode of generated photons in the range of 1.44 μM / (m ² ⋅ s) - 6.52 μM / (m ² ⋅s) at the level of the substrate with seeds.

The method is carried out as follows.

For experimental verification of the method, Abyssinsky nougat was used as an agricultural crop, the Lipchanin variety (the originator of the VNII rapeseed variety, Lipetsk) - the first variety of introduced oilseeds and industrial crops of southern Africa in Russia. The tests were carried out using an experimental sample of an agrobiotechnological system - a synergotron with digital programmed control of the main parameters (temperature, humidity, lighting) of the germination environment (model 1.01, designed by ANO Institute for Development Strategies, Moscow).

For the treatment of nougat seeds, hydrothermal nanosilica (HNS) was used, obtained by purification of impurities from the thermal natural water of the Mutnovskoye field at OOO NPF Nanosilika (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) by concentrating silica nanoparticles by ultrafiltration. The initial nanosilica sol used in the tests was characterized by an initial silica concentration of 5.0%, a polydispersity of its constituent nanoparticles with a predominance of 10-20 nm in size. The initial 5% HOC sol was diluted with distilled water (at the rate of 1 ml of the initial sol per 5000 ml of water) to prepare a 0.001% concentration of the working solution of hydrothermal nanosilica for seed treatment. The seeds were treated by soaking them in the working solution for 120 minutes.

Germination of seeds was carried out according to GOST 12038-84 with changes, namely: instead of filter paper, a mineral wool substrate was used in the form of plates 20 * 20 cm (400 cm ² ). Number of seeds 160 pcs., Threefold repetition. The mass of 1000 seeds of nougat of the Abyssinian variety Lipchanin, used for sowing, was 3.9 g. Irrigation was carried out with distilled water as the substrate dries up. As a control, we used the germination of nougat seeds in the dark, which were preliminarily kept in distilled water for 120 minutes before sowing, and in the experimental variants, germination was carried out using monochromatic illumination with low photon intensity generated by LED sources of blue (LED SS), green (LED LC) and the red (RD SC) light with wavelengths of 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm, with an intensity of 6.52 mol / (m ² ⋅s), 1.44 mol / (m ² ⋅s) and 2.36 μMol / (m ² ⋅s), respectively, at the level of the substrate with seeds.

On the 3rd day, the germination energy was determined, and on the 7th day, the germination of seeds in the experimental and control variants was determined and the height of the shoots, their productivity (weight of 100 seedlings) was measured in 3 replicates. The arithmetic mean of the germination energy, germination rate, height and productivity of nougat sprouts was determined.

To evaluate the launch in the proposed method of primary photosynthesis (autotrophic nutrition) was determined spectrophotometrically photosynthetic pigments in sprouts. For this, the pigments were extracted with ethanol from samples of raw sprouts on the 7th day of germination.

The test results of the implementation of the method are shown in tables 1 and 2.

Application of the proposed method with preliminary pre-sowing treatment of Abyssinsky nougat seeds with 0.001% aqueous sol of hydrothermal nanosilica for 120 minutes and using LED sources of blue (SD SS), green (SD ZS) and red (SD KS) light with wavelengths of 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm, respectively, and with a low intensity when germinating seeds for 7 days under continuous illumination, it allows to increase the germination energy by 12.2% in the case of the use of illumination of the LED KS and practical preservation (a slight decrease within the measurement error by 1.1 and 1.6 %) compared to the control of germination energy for the variants of SD ZS and SD SS (Table 1).

In all variants of using monochromatic lighting, the germination of nougat seeds increased from 1.2% (SD SS), 1.6% (SD ZS) to 3.1% (SD KS).

Table 1. Germination energy (3rd day), germination (7th day) of Abyssinsky nougat seeds (Lipchanin variety) in experiments and control

Experience Option Germination energy,% Energy change relative to control,% Germination,% Change in germination relative to control,% Germinating seeds in the dark - control 73.6 - 92.6 - Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD SS 440 nm, 6.52 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 72.8 -1.1 93,7 +1.2 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD ZS 525 nm, 1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 72.4 -1.6 94.1 +1.6 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 82.6 +12.2 95.5 +3.1

Application of the proposed method with preliminary presowing treatment of nougat seeds with 0.001% aqueous sol of hydrothermal nanosilica for 120 minutes and using LED sources of blue (SD SS), green (SD ZS) and red (SD KS) light with wavelengths of 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm, respectively, with a low intensity when germinating seeds for 7 days with such continuous illumination, allows you to increase the yield on nougat sprouts by 4.7%, 15.4%, 3.8%, respectively (Table 2).

In all variants of the application of the lighting method, there is a decrease in the height of Abyssinian nougat sprouts from 5.4% (for SD ZS) to 30.0% (for SD KS) and 33.3% (for SD SS). With this effect, both the preservation of the productivity of Abyssinian nougat sprouts for the SD KS variant is observed, and a significant increase in productivity by 13.9% for the SD SS and by 19.6% for the SD ZS variant (Table 2).

These data allow us to assert the possibility of managing the production of various biotypes of Abyssinsky nougat for selective production of low-growing varieties with high yields for various regional features of the introduction of a new agricultural crop in Russia.

Table 2. Height (cm) and productivity of shoots (weight of 100 shoots, g) on the 7th day of germination of nougat seeds (Lipchanin variety) in experiments and control

Experience Option Sprout height, cm Height change relative to control,% Productivity - weight of 100 sprouts, g Change in productivity relative to control,% Germinating seeds in the dark - control 9.3 - 5.40 - Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD SS 440 nm, 6.52 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 6.2 -33.3 6.15 +13.9 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD ZS 525 nm, 1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 8.8 -5.4 6.46 +19.6 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 6,7 -30.0 5.40 0

The fundamental point for obtaining germinated seeds as the basis of primary microgreening is the combined indicators of the ratio of the average mass of shoots to their height, which justify the launch of primary photosynthesis, i.e. the transition from heterotrophic nutrition due to the internal reserve of nougat seeds to autotrophic nutrition using photosynthesis virtually from the first days of the emergence of the first nougat seedlings.

Calculations using the indicators and productivity of plant height (Table 2) showed that for the control, experimental embodiments using monochromatic photons LEDs SD SS, SD and SD, the COP of AP with low intensity in a range from 1.44 mol / (m ² ⋅ c) up to 6.52 mol / (m ² ⋅s) germs of biomass to height was 0.0058, 0.0099, 0.0073 and 0.0081 in units of g / cm, respectively. This indicates the presence of photosynthesis in the shoots, in contrast to the control germination in the dark (coefficient 0.0058) and an increase in the ratio (coefficient) of biomass to the height of the shoots relative to the control by 26% (for SD GS), 40% (for SD CS) and 71% (for SD SS).

This is confirmed by the presence of photosynthetic elements in the shoots - chlorophyll a and b, as well as carotenoids, the content of which in the shoots obtained by the proposed method is shown in Table 3.

The launch of photosynthesis under low-energy monochromatic LED illumination of SD SS, SD ZS and SD KS makes it possible to implement a new pathway for the synthesis of sprout biomass due to autotrophic nutrition with depletion of heterotrophic nutrition by the end of seed germination within 7 days and the prospects for realizing the possibility of accelerated production of microgreens on the 7th a day of germination of Abyssinian nougat seeds, pretreated with 0.001% aqueous sol of the GOC.

Table 3. Chlorophyll contentand andband carotenoids in sprouts on the 7th day of germination of nougat seeds (Lipchanin variety) in experiments and control

Experience Option Chlorophyll a, μg / ml Chlorophyll b, μg / ml A / b ratio Carotenoids μg / ml Germinating seeds in the dark - control - - - - Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD SS 440 nm, 6.52 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 4.39 2.08 2.11 1.47 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD ZS 525 nm, 1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 3.72 1.74 2.14 1.39 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 5.80 2.53 2.29 1.97

The closeness of the ratios of the content of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in the shoots, which is in the range of values 2.11 - 2.29 for all tested variants of the proposed method, indicates the unity of the mechanism of primary photosynthesis - the action of low-intensity photons with monochromatic irradiation of seeds, cotyledons during germination nougat of Abyssinian.

Thus, the use of the proposed method with the use of low-energy radiation of LED lamps SD SS, SD ZS and SD KS (radiation intensity 6.23 μM / (m ² s), 1.44 μM / (m ² s), 2.36 mol / (m ² ⋅s), respectively) during germination produces nougat Abyssinian germinated seeds with a content of active components - primary products of photosynthesis: chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, while maintaining the germination of seeds and undersized biotypes obtain a high density of biomass germs.

This allows you to get a new type of germinated seeds on the 7th day as a microgreen for a healthy diet.

Claims (1)

A method for activating the germination of Abyssinian nougat seeds, including the use of lighting, characterized in that the seeds are pre-treated with an aqueous sol of 0.001% hydrothermal nanosilica for 120 minutes, followed by sowing and germination of seeds on a substrate, watering is carried out with distilled water as the substrate dries for 7 days at continuous illumination with blue LEDs with a wavelength of 440 nm, or green LEDs with a wavelength of 525 nm, or LEDs of red light with a wavelength of 660 nm, and for all sources a low intensity mode of generated photons in the range of 1.44-6.52 is used μmol / (m ² ⋅s) at the level of the substrate with seeds.