RU2750265C1 - Method for activating sprouting of lettuce culture seeds under monochrome led lighting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, particularly to crop cultivation. The method includes lighting with green light LEDs. The seeds are germinated for 6 days under standard conditions at room temperature, moistening the seeds with constant monochromatic emission of green light with a wavelength of 525 nm at a low photon beam intensity of 1.44 mcmol/(m²∙s) at the level of the substrate with seeds resulting in microgreens.

EFFECT: method allows increasing efficiency, determining emission parameters for salad crops increasing growth and development thereof.

1 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to increase the germination of plant seeds in crop production, in the selection and expansion of the field of application of LED monochromatic radiation in technologies for obtaining germinated seeds of salad crops for healthy nutrition.

Known technology for the use of LED light sources in the photoculture of plants in greenhouses and greenhouses, which makes it possible to long-term constant irradiation with combined light with the inclusion of polychrome lighting in the luminous flux of red (SD KS), blue (SD SS) and green (SD ZS) lights (Kuryanova I .V., Olonina SI "Assessment of the influence of various spectra of LED lamps on the growth and development of vegetable crops" Vestnik NGIEI, 2017.№7 (74) p.35-44).

Such light sources are offered by many manufacturers as phytolamps. As a rule, artificial lighting for various types of plants in greenhouses is studied only from the point of view of the possibility of increasing photosynthesis at different stages of vegetative and generative development during the growing season of specific plants in protected ground conditions, and other indicators of plant development are not taken into account, which reduces the effectiveness of the method.

For each plant, the issues of the influence of artificial lighting in its various components, according to the spectra of electromagnetic radiation, the intensity and time of exposure at different stages of the growing season, and photosynthesis in the development of technology elements for protected ground are specifically investigated (patent No. 2601055, published 10.27.2014 Bul.№30 . IPC AO 1C 1/00, AO 1C 1/02).

In the past few decades, agrobiotechnological systems of various designs and modifications have been actively involved in the practice of agricultural science and biotechnology, designed to study the processes of growing plants under controlled experimental conditions. In Russia, these technical systems are best known under the term phytotrons. There were also modifications - phytotrons for solving problems of growing plants, space nutrition and medicine (Konovalova I.O., Berkovich Yu.A., Erokhin A.N., Smolyanina S.O., O.S. Yakovleva, A.I. Znamenskiy, I. G. Tarakanov, S. G. Radchenko, S. N. Lapach. Substantiation of optimal lighting regimes for plants for the space greenhouse "Vitacycle-T" // Aviakosm, and ecological med. - 2016. - V. 50, No. 4. - P. 28-36), as well as the class of phytotrons - synergotrons with program-controlled parameters, including lighting modes with LED light sources (Life cycle and plant ecology: regulation and management of the habitat in agrobiotechnological systems. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1 / edited by Prof. V. N. Zelenkov - M .: Technosphere, 2018 .-- 208 p. ISBN 978-5-94836-543-5).

Known technical solution, in which potato plants in vitro irradiate LED sources of different colors (red, blue, green, white) with different intensity in nanometers. (Yu. Ts. Martirosyan, L. Yu. Martirosyan, AA Kosobryukhov. Dynamics of photosynthetic processes under conditions of variable spectral irradiation of plants. Agricultural biology, 2016, volume 51, No. 5, pp. 680-687)

However, in the known solution, no clear dependences on the growth and development of plants were revealed and the parameters of one studied culture were indicated with alternating darkness and irradiation with different light emission spectra for potato leaves under conditions of photosynthesis during the growing season of the crop.

It is known that when supplementary lighting of salad mustard in the phase of technical maturity of plants with LED lamps with a red and blue polydisperse spectrum, it is possible to control the productivity of plants and the parameters of the antioxidant activity of its green mass (Zelenkov V.N., Kosobryukhov A.A., Lapin A.A., Latushkin V.V. / Productivity and antioxidant activity of lettuce mustard under irradiation with red and blue light in a closed system of a phytotron of the synergotron ISR-1.1 class. // Life cycle and plant ecology: regulation and management of the habitat in agrobiotechnological systems. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1 / edited by Prof. V. N. Zelenkov - M .: Technosphere, 2018 - P.144-154. ISBN 978-5-94836-543-5, DOI: 10.22184 / 978-5-94836-543-5-142 -152.

However, this analogue considers the light source in the red region of the LED lamp as a polydisperse photon source of a wide region of red radiation and gives a solution to the issue of intensifying the growth of lettuce crops only in the phase of technical maturity.

It is known that the effect of light at the stage of seed germination has little to do with the intensity of photosynthesis, because photosynthetic apparatus - plant leaves, not yet formed.

The closest to the proposed solution is the invention, where LED irradiation of seeds and germinated plants is used as a biostimulator, and the LED irradiator is made of red, blue and ultraviolet LEDs (patent No. 2680590, published 02.22.2019, bull. No. 6, IPC А01G9 / 20 )

The disadvantage of the prototype method is a rather complex system of connections, computer controlled, which reduces the efficiency of the method. In addition, the parameters of the radiation length to increase the germination and growth rate of seeds of salad crops, their quality indicators are not indicated.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of the method, determination of radiation parameters for salad crops, which increase their growth and development.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that the method of activating the germination of seeds of a salad culture under LED monochromatic lighting includes lighting with green light LEDs, according to the invention, the seeds are germinated for 6 days under standard conditions at room temperature and the seeds are moistened with constant monochromatic radiation of green light LEDs with a length wavelength of 525 nm at a low photon beam intensity of 1.44 µmol / (m ² s) at the level of the substrate with seeds to obtain microgreens.

The method is carried out as follows.

The studies were carried out using an experimental sample of an agrobiotechnological system - a synergotron with digital programmed control of the main parameters of the environment (model 1.01. Designed by ANO Institute for Development Strategies). As an object of research, we took the Dubachek MC salad, which has been widely used in Russia since 1996, a variety of the selection of the Czech company Agrofirma Moravoseed.

Seed germination was carried out according to GOST 12038-84 with changes, namely: instead of filter paper, a mineral wool substrate in the form of 10 * 20 cm plates (200 cm ² ) was used. The number of seeds per variant is 0.2 g, threefold repetition. Watering was carried out with distilled water as the substrate dries up. Seed germination in the dark in accordance with GOST 12038-84 was used as a control, as well as 3 experimental options with monochromatic low-energy LED illumination of blue (SD SS), green (SD ZS) and red (SD KS) light with wavelengths of 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm and intensities of 6.53 μmol / (m ² s), 1.44 µmol / (m ² s) and 2.36 µmol / (m ² s), respectively.

On the 6th day, the germination of seeds in the control and experimental variants was determined, on the 3rd and 6th days the height of the shoots was measured and on the 6th day the productivity of the seedlings in 3 replicates. Determined the arithmetic mean for germination and measuring the height and wet biomass of 100 shoots (productivity).

To evaluate the launch in the proposed method of primary photosynthesis (autotrophic nutrition), the photosynthetic pigments in the shoots were determined spectrophotometrically. For this, ethanol extraction was carried out from samples of raw sprouts on the 6th day of germination.

The test results of the options for implementing the method are shown in tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Table 1. Germination (6th day) of seeds of lettuce Dubachek MC in experiments and control

Experience Option Germination,% Change in germination relative to control,% Germinating seeds in the dark - control 77.2 - Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD SS 440 nm,
6.52 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 76.3 - 1.2 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD ЗС 525 nm,
1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 81.9 + 6.1 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of CD KS 660 nm,
2.36 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 82.4 + 6.7

The use of the proposed method using monochromatic illumination of SD ZS and SD KS makes it possible to increase the germination of seeds of Dubachek lettuce by 6.1 and 6.7%, respectively, compared with the control, with a slight decrease in seed germination by 1.2% for the variant of SD SS (table. one).

The use of the proposed method leads to a decrease in the growth of sprouts on the 3rd and 6th days by 37.5% and 26.9% only for the variant of using SD SS (Table 2). At the same time, for this option, there is also a decrease in the productivity of lettuce by sprouts by 4.8% (Table 3).

For the variants of experiments with illumination of the SD ZS and SD KS, the height of the sprouts significantly increases both on the 3rd day of germination by 71.9% and 12.5%, and on the 6th day by 21.2% and 9.6%, respectively (Table 2). At the same time, only for the case of illumination of the SD of the GS, there are no changes in productivity for lettuce sprouts (no significant differences with the control), in contrast to a decrease in productivity by 13.0% for sprouted sprouts of lettuce in the variant of illumination of the SD of the CA (Table 3). Thus, only the SD ZS variant makes it possible to obtain sprouts of sprouted lettuce on the 6th day without loss of productivity relative to the control variant of germination in the dark.

The principal point for evaluating the proposed method is also 2 criteria:

- the growth rate of lettuce for the first 3 days due to the internal resources of seed nutrients;

- the appearance of photosynthetic pigments in seedlings by the 6th day of germination.

Table 2. Height (mm) of sprouts on the 3rd and 6th days of germination of seeds of lettuce variety Dubachek MC in experiments and control

Experience Option Sprout height, mm, 3 days Height change relative to control,% Sprout height, mm, 6 days Height change relative to control,% Germinating seeds in the dark - control 32 - 52 - Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD SS 440 nm,
6.52 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) twenty - 37.5 38 - 26.9 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD ЗС 525 nm,
1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 55 + 71.9 63 + 21.2 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of CD KS 660 nm,
2.36 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 36 + 12.5 57 + 9.6

Table 3. Productivity of sprouts (weight of 100 sprouts, g) on the 6th day of germination of seeds of Dubachek MC lettuce in experiments and control

Experience Option Productivity - weight of 100 sprouts, g Change in productivity relative to control,% Germinating seeds in the dark - control 5.40 - Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD SS 440 nm,
6.52 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 5.14 - 4.8 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD ЗС 525 nm,
1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 5.38 - 0.4 Germination of seeds under constant illumination of CD KS 660 nm,
2.36 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 4.70 - 13.0

According to these additional criteria, the selected version of LED illumination with green light with a wavelength of 525 nm satisfies criterion 1. Thus, the growth rate of lettuce seedlings on the 3rd day was 32 mm / 3 days for control. = 11.0 mm / day and for the proposed method 55 mm / 3 days. = 18.0 mm / day (Table 3). Those. when using the proposed method, the growth rate of seedlings of lettuce crops increased by 63.6% when using the option of lighting the SD ZS.

Also, the proposed embodiment of the method using illumination of the SD ZS satisfies the 2nd additional criterion for the presence of photosynthetic pigments in the sprouts, which already on the 6th day makes it possible to implement technologies for obtaining microgreens for healthy nutrition containing chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids (Table 4)

Table 4. Content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in sprouts on the 6th day of germination of seeds of lettuce variety Dubachek MS in experiments and control

Experience Option Chlorophyll a, μg / ml Chlorophyll b, μg / ml Carotenoids μg / ml Germinating seeds in the dark - control - - - Germination of seeds under constant illumination of SD ZS 525 nm, 1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s) 2.15 2.85 1.32

Thus, the use of the proposed method with the use of low-energy radiation of LED lamps SD ЗС (radiation intensity 1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅s)) during germination of seeds of a salad culture makes it possible to obtain germinated seeds with a content of biologically active components - products of primary photosynthesis: chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids when increasing seed germination, growth rate and sprout height while maintaining productivity.

This allows you to get a new type of germinated seeds on the 6th day with photosynthetic pigments like microgreens for healthy nutrition.

Claims (1)

A method for activating the germination of seeds of a salad culture under LED monochromatic lighting, including lighting with green LEDs, characterized in that the seeds germinate for 6 days under standard conditions at room temperature and moistening the seeds with constant monochromatic radiation with green light LEDs with a wavelength of 525 nm at a low beam intensity photons in 1.44 µmol / (m ² s) at the level of the substrate with seeds to obtain microgreens.