RU2741089C1 - Method of activating soybean sprouting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to plant growing. Method involves using illumination in the field of blue and red light. Seeds is preliminarily treated with aqueous sol of 0.001% of hydrothermal nanosilica for 15 minutes, followed by sowing and sprouting in standard conditions at room temperature and moistening seeds for 7 days, with continuous monochromatic illumination with blue LEDs - wavelength 440 nm or green - wave length 525 nm, or red - wave length 660 nm light. For a light-emitting diode source, low-intensity mode of generated photons is used, respectively, in 6.52 mcmol/m2⋅s, 1.44 mcmol/m 2⋅s, 2.36 mcmol/m2⋅s at substrate with seeds level.EFFECT: method widens the possibilities of using LED lighting in the version of monochromatic spectra of blue, green and red light in combination with treatment before seeds sprouting by nanoparticles of silica of hydrothermal origin for increase of germinating ability of soya seeds, productivity of its sprouts at 7-day sprouting.1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing, can be used to increase the energy of seed germination, in breeding using agrobiotechnological systems with artificial lighting and expanding the field of application of hydrothermal nanosilica in technologies for producing sprouted soybeans for healthy nutrition.

In the last 20 years, agrobiotechnological systems of various designs and modifications, designed to study the processes of growing plants under controlled conditions, have been actively involved in the practice of agricultural science and biotechnology. In Russia, these technical systems are best known under the term phytotrons. In recent years, modifications of phytotrons have also appeared to solve the problems of growing plants for space nutrition and medicine (Konovalova I.O., Berkovich Yu.A., Erokhin A.N., Smolyanina S.O., Yakovleva O.S., Znamenskiy A. I., Tarakanov I.G., Radchenko S.G., Lapach S.N .. Substantiation of optimal modes of plant illumination for the space greenhouse "Vitacycle-T" // Aviacosm. And Ecological Med. - 2016. - V. 50 , № 4. - P. 28-36) as well as the class of phytotrons - synergotrons with program-controlled parameters, including illumination modes with LED light sources (Life cycle and plant ecology: regulation and management of habitat in agrobiotechnological systems. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1 / Edited by Prof. V.N. Zelenkov - M .: Technosphere, 2018 .-- 208p. ISBN 978-5-94836-543-5).

An analogue of the proposed solution is the study of supplementary lighting of salad mustard in the phase of technical maturity of plants with LED lamps with red and blue polydisperse spectrum (Zelenkov V.N., Kosobryukhov A.A., Lapin A.A., Latushkin V.V. Productivity and antioxidant activity of lettuce mustard under irradiation with red and blue light in a closed system of a phytotron of the synergotron ISR-1.1 class / Life cycle and plant ecology: regulation and management of the habitat in agrobiotechnological systems. Collection of scientific papers. Issue 1 / Edited by Prof. VN Zelenkov - M .: Technosphere, 2018 - S. 144-154. ISBN 978-5-94836-543-5, DOI: 10.22184 / 978-5-94836-543-5-142-152.

However, this analogue considers the light source in the red region of the LED lamp radiation as a polydisperse photon source of a wide region of red radiation and provides a technical solution to the issues of intensifying the growth of lettuce crops only in the phase of technical maturity.

It is known that the effect of light at the stage of seed germination has little to do with the intensity of photosynthesis, because photosynthetic apparatus - plant leaves, not yet formed.

The closest to the proposed solution is the invention of irradiation of plants in protected ground, where I will effect the plants with red, blue and ultraviolet LEDs (patent No. 2680590, published 02.22.2019, IPC A01G9 / 20)

In the known prototype method, the authors use light spectra of blue, red and ultraviolet illumination of a wide range and a high energy component of the generated photon beams. However, the authors do not indicate the intensity of illumination and the exact wavelengths of red and blue light, which is essential for the practical implementation of the method in germination technologies for other crops. The system itself is quite complex. This does not allow the authors' data to be applied, for example, to determine the radiation dose for various crops, including soybean oilseeds.

The technical result is to expand the possibilities of using LED lighting in the version of monochromatic spectra of blue, green and red light in combination with treatment before germination of seeds with nanoparticles of silica of hydrothermal origin to increase the germination of soybean seeds, the productivity of its sprouts at 7 days of germination.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that, unlike the prototype, soybean seeds are treated for 15 minutes with a working solution of an aqueous sol of hydrothermal nanosilica with a nanoparticle concentration of 0.001%, followed by sowing and germination under standard conditions at room temperature and moistening the seeds using light sources monochromatic continuous light blue LED (wavelength 440 nm) or green (wavelength 525 nm) or red (660 nm wavelength) light at low intensity photon generation, respectively, 6.52 mol / m ² or 1.44 mmol / m ² s, or 2.36 μMol / m ² s at the level of the substrate with seeds.

The method is carried out as follows:

For experimental verification of the method for agricultural leguminous crops of soybeans, we used the Alena variety, selected by the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybeans (Blagoveshchensk). The tests were carried out using an experimental sample of an agrobiotechnological system - a synergotron with digital programmed control of the main parameters (temperature, humidity, lighting) of the germination environment (model 1.01, designed by ANO Institute for Development Strategies, Moscow).

For the treatment of soybean seeds, hydrothermal nanosilica (HNK) was used, obtained by purification of impurities from the thermal natural water of the Mutnovskoye field at OOO NPF Nanosilika (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) and by concentrating silica nanoparticles by ultrafiltration. The initial nanosilica sol used in the tests was characterized by an initial silica concentration of 5.0%, a polydispersity of its constituent nanoparticles with a predominance of 10-20 nm in size. The initial 5% HOC sol was diluted with distilled water (at the rate of 1 ml of the initial sol per 5000 ml of water) to prepare a 0.001% concentration of the working solution of hydrothermal nanosilica for seed treatment. The seeds were treated by soaking them in the working solution for 15 minutes.

Germination of seeds was carried out according to GOST 12038-84 with changes, namely: instead of filter paper, a mineral wool substrate was used in the form of plates 20 * 20 cm (400 cm ² ). Number of seeds 50 pcs., Threefold repetition. Watering was carried out with distilled water as the substrate dries up. As a control, we used the germination of soybean seeds in the dark, which were preliminarily kept in distilled water for 15 minutes before sowing, and in the experimental variants, germination was carried out using monochromatic illumination with a low photon intensity generated by LED sources of blue (LED SS) or green (LED LC) or red (DM CS) light with wavelengths of 440 nm, 525 nm or 660 nm, respectively, and with the intensity of 6.52 micromoles / m ² to 1.44 mmol / m ² and 2.36 mmol / m ² with at the level of the seedbed ..

On the 3rd day, the germination energy was determined, and on the 7th day, the germination of seeds in the experimental and control variants was determined and the height of the shoots, their productivity (the average weight of one shoot by weighing 100 shoots) was measured in 3 replicates. The arithmetic mean of the germination energy, germination rate, height and productivity of nougat sprouts was determined.

The test results of the implementation of the method are shown in tables 1 and 2.

The use of the proposed method with preliminary pre-sowing treatment of Alena soybean seeds with 0.001% aqueous sol of hydrothermal nanosilica for 15 minutes and the use of a green (SD ZS) and red (SD KS) light-emitting diode source allows increasing the germination energy by 68.2% and 54.5 %, respectively, with an increase in germination by 11.7% for SD ZS and its retention (+ 0.1%, within the limits of determination accuracy) for the SD KS variant relative to control. The use of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with 0.001% aqueous HOC sol in the case of using blue (SD SS) light gives an increase in germination energy by 36.4% with a slight decrease in germination by 4.1% (Table 1).

All three options for implementing the method of low-intensity monochromatic illumination during germination of soybean seeds give a practical significant effect on the parameter of germination energy with the practical preservation of seed germination, and for the SD ZS option, an increase of 11.7% is observed.

Table 1. Germination energy (3rd day), germination (7th day) of soybean seeds (Alena variety) in experiments and control when testing the method

Experience Option Germination energy,% Energy change,% Germination,% Change in germination,% Germination of seeds in the dark after treatment with distilled water - control 44 - 77 - Germination of seeds after treatment with 0.001% HOC solution under constant illumination with SD CC 440 nm,
6.52 mol / m ² s 60 + 36.4 74 - 4.1 Germination of seeds after treatment with a 0.001% solution of GNK under constant illumination of SD ЗС 525 nm,
1.44 mol / m ² s 74 + 68.2 86 + 11.7 Germination of seeds after treatment with a 0.001% solution of HOC under constant illumination with SD KS 660 nm,
2.36 mol / m ² s 68 + 54.5 78 + 0.1

Application of the proposed method using LED lamps of blue (SD SS) and green (SD ZS) light with wavelengths of 440 nm and 525 nm with low intensity when germinating seeds for 7 days and continuous illumination leads to an increase in the productivity of soybeans in terms of sprout biomass by 1.3 % and 6.3%, respectively, and leads to an increase in the growth (height) of sprouts for blue light (SD SS) by 8.5% and a decrease in growth (height) by 4.7% for green light (SD GS) (Table .2).

The use of the variant of low-intensity continuous illumination with red light (SD KS) when germinating soybean seeds leads to the preservation of biomass productivity of sprouted soybeans on the 7th day with a decrease in the height of the sprouts on the 7th day by 3.8% (Table 2).

Table 2. Height (cm) and productivity of sprouts (weight of one sprout, g) on the 7th day of germination of soybean seeds (Alena variety) in experiments and control

Experience Option Sprout height, cm Height change relative to control,% Productivity - weight of 1 sprout, g Change in productivity relative to control,% Germination of seeds after treatment with 0.001% HOC solution in the dark - control 10.6 - 0.80 - Germination of seeds after treatment with a 0.001% HOC solution under constant illumination with SD CC 440 nm,
6.52 mol / m ² s 11.5 + 8.5 0.81 + 1.3 Germination of seeds after treatment with a 0.001% solution of GNK under constant illumination of SD ЗС 525 nm,
1.44 mol / m ² s 10.1 - 4.7 0.85 + 6.3 Germination of seeds after treatment with a 0.001% solution of HOC under constant illumination with SD KS 660 nm,
2.36 mol / m ² s 10.2 - 3.8 0.80 0

Thus, the experimental verification of the variants of low-intensity constant illumination of SD SS, SD ZS and SD KS with 7-day germination of soybean seeds also showed the formation of biotypes of shoots of different heights, which confirms the promising use of this method in the selection work of selection of short and tall biotypes of the soybean plant , with high germination energy and maintaining high productivity of sprouts and germination, which is practically not inferior to the control when illuminated with SD SS or SD KS, and in the case of SD GS, it surpasses control by 6.3%.

The launch of photosynthesis under low-energy monochromatic LED illumination of SD SS, SD ZS and SD KS makes it possible to implement an additional new way of synthesis of sprout biomass due to autotrophic nutrition with depletion of heterotrophic nutrition by the end of seed germination within 7 days with the prospect of realizing the possibility of accelerated production of microgreens using the proposed method for germinating soybean seeds, pretreated with 0.001% aqueous sol of GNK.

Thus, the use of the proposed method with the use of low-energy monochromatic radiation LED lights SD SS (irradiation intensity of 6.52 mol / m ² s), DM AP (irradiation intensity of 1.44 mol / m ² s) and SD CS (radiation intensity 2 36 micromol / m ² s) at the germination of soybean seeds per 7 days produces germinated seeds with a content of active ingredients at higher germination energy and without loss of productivity for germination of soybean germs and receive tall and soybean undersized biotypes one for breeding.

This also makes it possible to obtain a new type of germinated seeds on the 7th day with bioactive components of primary photosynthesis for healthy nutrition with the expansion of the possibilities of monochromatic lighting and the use of hydrothermal nanosilica.

Claims (1)

A method for activating the germination of soybean seeds, including the use of lighting in the area of blue and red light, characterized in that the seeds are pretreated with an aqueous sol of 0.001% hydrothermal nanosilica for 15 minutes, followed by sowing and germination under standard conditions at room temperature and moistening the seeds for 7 days, with continuous monochromatic illumination with blue LEDs - a wavelength of 440 nm or green - a wavelength of 525 nm, or red - a wavelength of 660 nm of light, and for the LED source a low intensity mode of generated photons is used, respectively, at 6.52 μmol / m ² ⋅s, 1.44 µmol / m ² ⋅s, 2.36 µmol / m ² ⋅s at the level of the substrate with seeds.