RU2773367C1 - Method for activating the germination of table beet seeds with hydrothermal nanosilica under led lighting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and can be used in breeding in the selection of promising plant biotypes, as well as in technologies for obtaining germinated seeds and primary microgreens for a healthy diet. The method includes presowing seed treatment with hydrothermal nanosilica using LED monochromatic lighting after sowing. Before sowing, the seeds are pre-soaked for 120 minutes in an aqueous ash of hydrothermal nanosilica with a concentration of 0.05%, followed by sowing and 10-day germination under standard conditions at room temperature and moistening the seeds. The light sources used are monochromatic continuous LED illumination of UV light with a wavelength of 380 nm, or blue light with a wavelength of 440 nm, or green light with a wavelength of 525 nm, or red light with a wavelength of 660 nm when generating low-intensity photons of 0.44 mcmol/(m²⋅s), 6.52 mcmol/(m²⋅s), 1.44 mcmol/(m²⋅s) and 2.36 mcmol /(m²⋅s), respectively, at the level of the substrate with seeds to obtain primary microgreens.

EFFECT: method provides expanding the possibilities of using LED lighting from UV light to the red region with an increase in the germination energy and germination of table beet seeds, the productivity of its sprouts during 10-day germination, and the production of primary microgreens.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, can be used to increase the germination of seeds, in breeding using artificial lighting and expanding the scope of hydrothermal nanosilica in technologies for producing germinated seeds of table beet and obtaining its microgreens.

In Russia, a state standard for determining the germination of seeds of agricultural plants has been introduced, which considers the conditions for germination of seeds, as a rule, in the dark, taking into account temperature and time factors to assess the germination energy and germination of seeds (GOST 12038-84. Seeds of agricultural crops. Methods for determining germination. - M. Standartinform, 2011). For seeds that are responsive to light germination, only natural light is considered in the standard. In accordance with the specified GOST for table beet seeds, the determination of seed germination is regulated on the 10th day when germinating in the dark.

Standards for germinating seeds under artificial light do not currently exist. For each plant, the issues of the influence of artificial lighting in its various components on the spectra of electromagnetic radiation, intensity and time of exposure at different stages of vegetation and photosynthesis are specifically studied in the development of technology elements for protected ground.

A known method of photostimulation of plants in a greenhouse by irradiating plants in the ultraviolet range of UV-B wavelengths during the entire growing season and single doses of irradiation of 3-25 W/m ² within 50-120 J/m ² for 3-20 seconds at intervals 1 time in 1-4 days. At the same time, the authors focus on reducing the number of microorganisms in the greenhouse, and on the surface of plants, under such regimes with a minimal negative impact on the initiation of oxidative processes that affect plant productivity (patent No. 2674599, published on December 11, 2018 Bull. 04, A01G9/20).

The authors do not consider the issues of the primary stage of germination of plant seeds, and the proposed range of the hard UV spectrum, average intensity levels and time ranges with the frequency of launching light radiation are considered as an impact on the plant microflora for disinfection, which is one of the factors for improving cultivation in a greenhouse.

A system of artificial phyto-lighting is also known, which allows the use of an LED lamp with the implementation of its capabilities for using the emission spectra of blue, red, far red light in a ratio of 1: 3: 1 (RF patent No. 2723725, published 06/17/2020 Bull. 20, A01G 7/04, F21S 2/00).

The authors, due to a set of LEDs with the implementation of maximum intensities and the possibility of using a specific set of LEDs with a wide range of radiation, offer the unification of their lighting system for a wide range of crops in greenhouses. At the same time, the authors do not take into account the peculiarities of the specificity of the primary response of the genome of different plants to the spectra of illumination and the intensity of photon beams of the first stage of germination before the start of true photosynthesis after the formation of the true first 4 leaves of plants. The number of variations in the implementation of such lighting systems when determining the optimum for a particular plant is huge, and the orientation to the light absorption spectra for photosynthesis may be unacceptable at the stage of germination and formation of primary seedlings in the form of microgreens.

It is known that the effect of light at the stage of seed germination has little to do with the intensity of photosynthesis, since photosynthetic apparatus - plant leaves, not yet formed. The question of using the above approaches to the implementation of artificial lighting, for example, for canteen beets, remains open.

In the studies of many authors, the genetic specificity of the genome of different plants on the spectra of artificial illumination and the intensity of photon beams during photosynthesis of the formed apparatus of plant leaves is noted, not to mention the first stage of germination before the start of true photosynthesis, where the effect of the activation factor of nanoparticles with simultaneous exposure to photons of different intensities is poorly understood.

The closest technical solution to the proposed object is a method for activating seed germination in relation to the agricultural industrial crop sugar beet using seed germination at room temperature and moisture to obtain primary microgreens and using monochromatic continuous illumination with blue light LEDs with a wavelength of 440 nm or green light with a wavelength of 525 nm when generating low-intensity photons in the range of 6.52 - 1.44 μmol / (m ² s) at the level of the substrate with seeds (RU 2742535 C1, 08.02.2021).

The effect of other concentrations of HNA on table beet seeds during germination under low-intensity monochromatic illumination with LED emitters is not known in practice.

EFFECT : expanding the possibilities of using LED lighting from UV to red region in variants of low-intensity monochromatic radiation in combination with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with hydrothermal nanosilica of a certain concentration for breeding new plant biotypes, increasing the germination energy and germination of table beet seeds, the productivity of its sprouts at 10 - daily germination and obtaining primary microgreens.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that, unlike the prototype, table beet seeds before sowing are pre-soaked for 120 minutes in aqueous ash of hydrothermal nanosilica with a concentration of 0.05%, followed by sowing and 10-day germination under standard conditions at room temperature and moisturizing seeds using monochromatic continuous LED illumination of 380 nm UV light or 440 nm blue light or 525 nm green light or 660 nm red light as photon generation low intensity 0.44 µmol / (m ² ⋅s), 6.52 µmol / (m ² ⋅s), 1.44 µmol / (m ² ⋅s) and 2.36 µmol / (m ² ⋅s), respectively, at the level of the substrate with seeds to obtain primary microgreens.

The method is carried out as follows.

The method uses an aqueous sol of hydrothermal nanosilica (HNK), which is obtained from natural hydrothermal solutions of the Mutnovsky deposit of Kamchatka (manufactured by Nanosilika LLC). In the tests, the initial water GNK sol with a silica concentration of 2.5% was used. For seed treatment, the initial GNK sol was diluted with distilled water to a working concentration of 0.05% silica, in which the seeds of the experimental variants were soaked. There are no toxic substances in the prepared working aqueous ash of hydrothermal nanosilica, which gives the proposed solution a higher environmental friendliness and bioavailability for seeds, in particular, for endosperm and allows intensifying the process of seed germination not only in the dark to solve various biotechnological and breeding problems.

The size parameters of nanoparticles, predominantly in the range of 10-20 nm, are achieved by the capabilities of ultrafiltration equipment and technologies for the polycondensation of orthosilicic acid in hydrothermal solutions of the Mutnovsky deposit. This allows you to ensure high-quality processing of plant seeds.

As an object of testing, we used the seeds of table beet variety Zhukovchanka bred by VNIIO, a branch of the FGBNU FNTSO. Germination of beetroot seeds was carried out in accordance with GOST 12038-84 “Seeds of agricultural crops. Germination methods. - M., Standartinform, 2011 "with a modification of the methodology, namely: instead of filter paper, a mineral wool substrate in the form of plates of 10 * 20 cm (200 cm ² ) was used. The number of seeds is 2.0 g, repeated three times. Irrigation was carried out with distilled water as the substrate dried at a temperature of 22-23 ^° C. As a control, germination in the dark was used after seed treatment for 120 minutes with distilled water by soaking. For 4 experimental variants, after soaking the seeds in aqueous sols of 0.05% GNK, the seeds were sown on mineral substrates and used for constant illumination for 10 days for germination and obtaining microgreens low-energy LED point monochromatic sources of ultraviolet (SD UV), blue ( LED SS), green (SD 3S) and red (SD KS) light with wavelengths of 380 nm, 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm with an intensity of 0.44 μmol / m ² s, 6.52 μmol / m ² s, 1.44 µmol/m ² s and 2.36 µmol/m ² s, respectively, at the level of the seed substrate.

On the 5th day, the energy of seed germination was determined, on the 10th day, the germination of seeds in control and experimental variants was determined, and their average values were determined for 3 repetitions. We measured the height, wet biomass of 100 sprouts in variants. The effectiveness of the growth productivity of table beet plants for 10 days (effective productivity) was evaluated as a quantitative indicator of the ratio of the average biomass value for 100 seedlings of microgreens to the value of the average height for 100 seedlings for each variant (in g/cm) and also as a percentage relative to the control indicator germination in the dark.

The results of testing options for implementing the method are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.

Application of the proposed method using different spectra of UV (LED UV), blue (LED SS), green (LED GS) and red (LED KS) light sources with wavelengths of 380, 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm, respectively, at Germination of seeds under monochromatic continuous illumination with preliminary treatment of seeds with hydrothermal nanosilica leads to an increase in germination energy and germination relative to control for all variants of monochromatic low-energy exposure to table beet seeds (table 1).

Table 1. Germination energy (day 5) and germination (day 10) of table beet seeds cv.

Experience Variant Energy, % Energy change relative to control, % Germination,% Germination change relative to control, % Germination of seeds in the dark - control 79.4 - 97.2 - Seed germination under constant illumination LED UV 380 nm, 0.44 µmol/m ² s 81.5 +2.6 98.4 +1.2 Seed germination under constant illumination with LED SS 440 nm, 6.52 µmol/m ² s 85.7 +7.9 98.9 +1.7 Seed germination under constant illumination with LED 3S 525 nm, 1.44 µmol/m ² s 84.9 +6.9 98.8 +1.6 Seed germination under constant illumination with SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 µmol/m ² s 83.8 +5.5 98.2 +1.0

For all lighting options, a decrease in the height of sprouts on the 10th day was observed from 13.3% (for SD GL) to 35.2% (for SD CL) relative to the control (Table 2). Thus, the height of sprouts for all tested variants of low-energy monochromatic irradiation of seeds gives the effect of obtaining stunted sprouts with a green color, in contrast to the control, which differs in the etiolation of sprouts and their elongation. These data indicate the possibility of forming low-growing biotypes of sprouts and microgreens of table beet in all lighting options in combination with pre-sowing treatment with an aqueous sol of 0.05% GNK. For the variant SD UV and SD SS, an increase in the productivity of table beet sprouts (sprout mass) is observed. Only for the variants SD GL and SD KS, there is a slight decrease in the average weight of one sprout on the 10th day of germination by 8.4% and 6.5%, respectively, relative to the control (Table 2).

Table 2. Height (cm) and productivity (weight of 1 sprout, g) of sprouts for 10 days of germination of table beet seeds (Zhukovchanka variety) after their treatment with 0.05% HNK water sol and in variants of low-intensity LED monochromatic lighting.

Experience Variant The height of the sprouts
10th day, cm Change in sprout height to control, % The average mass of the sprout,
M *10 ^-2 g Change in sprout weight relative to control, % Germination of seeds in the dark - control 10.5 - 4.65 - Seed germination under constant illumination LED UV 380 nm, 0.44 µmol / m ² s 7.8 - 25.7 4.95 +6.5 Germination of seeds under constant illumination with LED SS 440 nm, 6.52 µmol / m ² s 7.9 -24.8 5.60 +20.4 Seed germination under constant illumination with LED 3S 525 nm, 1.44 μmol / m ² s 9.1 -13.3 4.26 -8.4 Seed germination under constant illumination with SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 µmol / m ² s 6.8 -35.2 4.35 - 6.5

However, the effectiveness of the tested variants of low-intensity monochromatic continuous radiation can be compared by the quantitative indicator of the efficiency of seedlings of beetroot seedlings as the ratio of the average sprout mass to its length, which characterizes the weight gain per 1 cm of plant growth in 10 days for each option for obtaining microgreens. The control gives etiolated colorless (chlorophyll-free) sprouts. The calculated data on the weight gain of sprouts for each 1 cm of their growth for 10 days are shown in Table 3.

As can be seen from Table. 3, the calculated indicator of the effectiveness of growth productivity in all embodiments of the method exceeds the control both in terms of the absolute indicator of the weight of the growth of the sprout per 1 cm of growth within 10 days of obtaining microgreens, and in terms of the relative indicator in % of the calculated data of the control of obtaining seedlings in the dark. For the options SD UV, SD SS, SD 3S and SD KS, the relative performance indicators of the method variants exceed the control by 43.2%, 61.4%, 6.8% and 45.5%, respectively, while the green color of the sprouts of the tested variants The method confirms the presence of chlorophyll in seedlings and the new quality of seedlings in comparison with colorless etiolated control seedlings (Table 3).

Table 3. Efficiency of microgreen growth relative to the control (productivity / height of sprouts, g/cm) for 10 days for red beet, variety Zhukovchanka after their treatment with 0.05% HNK water sol and in low-intensity LED monochromatic lighting.

Experience Variant Growth Productivity Efficiency =
sprout weight / sprout height,
N *10 ^-2 g/cm Relative performance efficiency indicator,
(N/N_control – 1) * 100, % Germination of seeds in the dark - control 0.44 - Seed germination under constant illumination LED UV 380 nm, 0.44 µmol / m ² s 0.63 +43.2 Germination of seeds under constant illumination with LED SS 440 nm, 6.52 µmol / m ² s 0.71 +61.4 Seed germination under constant illumination with LED 3S 525 nm, 1.44 μmol / m ² s 0.47 +6.8 Seed germination under constant illumination with SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 µmol / m ² s 0.64 +45.5

Thus, the implementation of the proposed method using pre-sowing treatment of seeds of table beet with an aqueous sol of GNK with a concentration of 0.05%, followed by constant monochromatic LED illumination with a source of LED UV 380 nm (radiation intensity 0.44 μmol/m ² s), LED SS 440 nm (radiation intensity 6.52 μmol / m ² s), or SD 3S 525 nm (radiation intensity 1.44 μmol / m ² s), or SD KS 660 nm (radiation intensity 2.36 μmol / m ² s ) allows you to increase the germination energy and germination of red beet seeds, as well as to obtain primary microgreens for a healthy diet in 10 days and use this approach in breeding red beet to obtain new plant biotypes.

Claims (1)

A method for activating the germination of beetroot seeds, including presowing treatment of seeds with hydrothermal nanosilica using LED monochromatic lighting after sowing, characterized in that before sowing, the seeds are pre-soaked for 120 minutes in an aqueous ash of hydrothermal nanosilica with a concentration of 0.05%, followed by sowing and 10-day germinating under standard conditions at room temperature and moistening the seeds using monochromatic continuous LED illumination of 380 nm UV light, or 440 nm blue light, or 525 nm green light, or red light as light sources with a wavelength of 660 nm when generating low-intensity photons 0.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅ s), 6.52 μmol / (m ² ⋅ s), 1.44 μmol / (m ² ⋅ s) and 2.36 μmol /(m ² s), respectively, at the level of the substrate with seeds to obtain primary microgreens.