RU2779421C1 - Method for activating the germination of beetroot seeds under led lighting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, particularly to crop cultivation. Proposed is a method for activating the germination of beetroot seeds under monochromatic LED lighting, including seeding beetroot with a seeding density of 2 g of seeds per 10×20 cm plates, applying ultraviolet LEDs with a wavelength of 380 nm or red light LEDs with a wavelength of 660 nm as sources of monochromatic lighting, with a luminous density of photons at the level of substrate with seeds at 0.44 mcmol/m²·s and 2.36 mcmol/m²·s, respectively.

EFFECT: invention increases the sprouting energy, germination of beetroot seeds, the effectiveness of productive growth.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and can be used in breeding in the selection of promising plant genotypes responsive to artificial LED lighting and in technologies for producing germinated seeds of table beet and their microgreens for a healthy diet.

In Russia, a state standard for determining the germination of seeds of agricultural plants has been introduced, which considers the conditions for germination of seeds, usually in the dark, taking into account temperature and time factors to assess the germination energy and germination of seeds (GOST 12038-84. Seeds of agricultural crops. Methods for determining germination. - M. Standartinform, 2011). For seeds that are responsive to light germination, only natural light is considered in the standard. In accordance with the specified GOST for table beet seeds, the determination of seed germination is regulated on the 10th day when germinating in the dark.

Standards for the germination of table beet seeds under artificial light do not currently exist. For each plant, the issues of the influence of artificial lighting in its various components on the spectra of electromagnetic radiation, intensity and time of exposure at different stages of vegetation and photosynthesis are specifically studied in the development of technology elements for protected ground (RF patent No. 2601055, publ. 27.10.2014, Bull. No. thirty).

The nature of the impact of LED irradiation of plants on the photosynthetic apparatus, growth processes in different time intervals and, especially, in the first period of vegetation - seed germination, where, along with the primary heterotrophic mechanism of nutrition, the formation and transition to autotrophic nutrition of young seedlings of plant seeds, remains largely unknown. researched and specific depending on the plant species.

An analogue of the proposed solution is a study at the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants when considering the lighting factor when germinating seeds of medicinal plants with a long dormant period, which reduces the effectiveness of their use in medicinal plant growing due to low germination, both laboratory and field. The authors of the work use the full spectra of emitters of red and blue light when germinating seeds of nightshade and belladonna (Svistunova N.Yu., Savin P.S. The influence of various conditions on the germination of seeds of some medicinal plants after long-term storage / N.I. Vavilov's ideas in the modern world : abstracts of reports at the IV Vavilov International Conference. - St. Petersburg, November 20–24, 2017, St. Petersburg: VIR, 2017, p. 149).

In a known method, the authors use the spectra of blue and red illumination of a wide range and a high energy component of the generated photon beams. The most effective for the implementation of the germination of seeds of medicinal plants of belladonna and nightshade was the variant with red illumination of seeds during germination. However, the authors do not indicate the intensity of illumination and the exact wavelengths of red and blue light, which is essential for the practical implementation of the method in germination technologies for other crops. This does not allow the authors' data to be applied, for example, to table beet crops during the germination of its seeds, the production of seedlings and microgreens under LED lighting.

It is also known to use LED emitters of blue and green light with a high energy component of the generated broadband photon beams along wavelengths for growing plants, which does not allow using these data for low-energy LED lighting modes for the case of table beet when germinating its seeds to obtain primary microgreens (patent JP 3198211 U, 06/18/2015).

A technical solution is also known (CN No. 107105625 A, 08/29/2017), which uses UV irradiation with different spectra from hard to soft range while reducing the irradiation intensity and varying the irradiation time. However, in this method for various seeds, including beets, the technical problems of seed sterilization are mainly solved during processing, both at the stage of germination and vegetative plants. This allows you to eliminate the negative biotic factors that reduce the quality of plants and their fruits.

For the agricultural crop of beet, 4 groups of varieties and hybrids are known with differences in chemical composition and phenotypic characteristics associated with the genotype of plants: table beet, fodder beet, sugar beet, salad beet (chard).

The closest technical solution - a prototype to the proposed method is a technical solution for activating sugar beet seeds using monochromatic LED irradiation with a low photon flux intensity at the level of the substrate with seeds when germinating seeds (RF patent No. 2742535, publ. 08.02.2021, Bull. No. four).

Currently, there is not enough data on the effect of LED lighting modes using phytolamps for plant crops, not to mention their use in seed germination and the formation of sprouts with certain quality indicators as the basis for subsequent plant development. This is a distinctive characteristic of all works on the study of LED lighting modes on the production process of specific plants, since the genetic factor is the main filter for the manifestation of the effects of stimulating or inhibiting life processes during the formation of photosynthesis under conditions of primary autotrophic nutrition of seed sprouts.

The technical result is the expansion of the possibilities of using LED monochromatic lighting with different spectra to increase the germination energy, the germination of table beet seeds, the efficiency of productive growth to obtain germinated seeds and microgreens, as well as for breeding work on the selection of new plant biotypes.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that, unlike the prototype method, beet seeds are sown with a sowing density of 2 g of seeds on 10 × 20 cm plates using monochromatic illumination of LEDs of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 380 nm or red light as light sources a wavelength of 660 nm at a light density of photons at the level of the substrate with seeds of 0.44 µmol/m ² ⋅s and 2.36 µmol/m ² ⋅s, respectively.

The method is carried out as follows.

As an object of testing, we used the seeds of table beet variety Zhukovchanka bred by VNIIO, a branch of the FGBNU FNTSO. Germination of beetroot seeds was carried out in accordance with GOST 12038-84 “Seeds of agricultural crops. Germination methods. - M., Standartinform, 2011 "with a modification of the methodology, namely: instead of filter paper, a mineral wool substrate in the form of plates of 10 * 20 cm (200 cm ² ) was used. The number of seeds is 2.0 g, repeated three times. Irrigation was carried out with distilled water as the substrate dried. Germination in the dark was used as a control. For 4 experimental variants, LED point sources with monochromatic LED low-energy illumination of ultraviolet (LED UV), blue (LED SS), green (LED 3S) and red (LED KS) light with wavelengths of 380 nm, 440 nm, 525 nm were used. ^{at the substrate level} with seeds.

On the 5th day, the energy of seed germination was determined, on the 10th day, the germination of seeds in control and experimental variants was determined, and their average values were determined for 3 repetitions. We measured the height, wet biomass of 100 sprouts in variants. The effectiveness of the growth productivity of beet plants for 10 days (effective productivity) was evaluated as a quantitative indicator of the ratio of the average biomass value for 100 microgreen seedlings to the value of the average height for 100 seedlings for each variant (in g/cm) and also as a percentage in relation to the control indicator of germination In the dark.

The results of testing options for implementing the method are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.

Table 1. Germination energy (5th day) and germination (10th day) of seeds of table beet variety Zhukovchanka

Experience variant Energy, % Energy change relative to control, % Germination,% Germination change relative to control, % Germination of seeds in the dark - control 79.4 - 97.2 - Seed germination under constant illumination LED UV 380 nm, 0.44 µmol/m ² s 79.5 +0.1 97.8 +0.6 Seed germination under constant illumination with LED SS 440 nm, 6.52 µmol/m ² s 82.8 +4.3 98.8 +1.6 Seed germination under constant illumination with LED GS 525 nm, 1.44 µmol/m ² ⋅s 82.9 +4.4 98.3 +1.1 Seed germination under constant illumination with SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 µmol/m ² s 82.1 +2.7 97.3 +0.1

Application of the proposed method using different spectra of UV (LED UV), blue (LED SS), green (LED GS) and red (LED KS) light sources with wavelengths of 380, 440 nm, 525 nm and 660 nm, respectively, during seed germination under monochromatic continuous illumination leads to an increase in germination energy and germination relative to control for all variants of monochromatic low-energy exposure to table beet seeds (table 1).

For all lighting options, there is a significant decrease in the height of sprouts on the 10th day from 16.2% (for SD GL) to 41.0% (for SD CL) relative to the control (Table 2). Thus, the height of sprouts for all tested variants of low-energy monochromatic irradiation of seeds gives the effect of obtaining stunted sprouts with a green color, in contrast to the control, which differs in the etiolation of sprouts and their elongation.

For the SD UV variant, the productivity of red beet sprouts is practically preserved, and for the SD SS variant, their productivity increases by 9.7% relative to the control (Table 2). Only for low-growing variants of SD GL and SD KS, there is a decrease in the average weight of one sprout on the 10th day of germination (Table 2) by 18.7% and 16.3%, respectively, relative to the control.

Table 2. Height (cm) and productivity (weight of 1 sprout, g) of sprouts for 10 days of germination of table beet seeds (Zhukovchanka variety).

Experience variant The height of the sprouts
10th day, cm Change in sprout height to control, % The average weight of the sprout,
M *10 ^-2 g Change in sprout weight relative to control, % Germination of seeds in the dark - control 10.5 - 4.65 - Seed germination under constant illumination LED UV 380 nm, 0.44 µmol / m ² s 7.8 - 25.7 4.66 +0.02 Germination of seeds under constant illumination with LED SS 440 nm, 6.52 µmol / m ² ⋅ s 7.5 -28.6 5.1 +9.7 Germination of seeds under constant illumination with LED GS 525 nm, 1.44 µmol / m ² ⋅ s 8.6 -18.1 3.78 -18.7 Seed germination under constant illumination with SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 µmol / m ² s 6.2 - 41.0 3.89 - 16.3

However, the effectiveness of the tested variants of low-intensity monochromatic continuous radiation can be compared by the quantitative indicator of the efficiency of red beet seed productivity as the ratio of the average sprout mass to its length, which characterizes the weight gain per 1 cm of plant growth in 10 days for each variant. The control gives etiolated colorless (chlorophyll-free) sprouts. The calculated data on the weight gain of sprouts for each 1 cm of their growth for 10 days are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Efficiency of growth of microgreens relative to control (productivity / height of sprouts, g/cm) for 10 days for table beet, variety Zhukovchanka

Experience variant Growth Productivity Efficiency =
sprout weight / sprout height,
N *10 ^-2 g/cm Relative performance efficiency indicator,
(N/N_control - 1) * 100, % Germination of seeds in the dark - control 0.44 - Seed germination under constant illumination LED UV 380 nm, 0.44 µmol / m ² s 0.60 +36.4 Germination of seeds under constant illumination with LED SS 440 nm, 6.52 µmol / m ² ⋅ s 0.68 +54.5 Germination of seeds under constant illumination with LED GS 525 nm, 1.44 µmol / m ² ⋅ s 0.44 0 Seed germination under constant illumination with SD KS 660 nm, 2.36 µmol / m ² s 0.63 +43.2

As can be seen from Table. 3, the calculated indicator of the efficiency of growth productivity only in the variant SD GS of the implementation of the method is comparable with the control. For the variants SD UV, SD SS and SD KS, the efficiency indicator exceeds the control by 36.4%, 54.5% and 43.2%, respectively, in terms of quantitative criteria for the growth of microgreen biomass per 1 cm of its growth in 10 days, not to mention quality of sprouts, namely, the presence of a green color. The green color of the sprouts of the tested variants of the method confirms the presence of chlorophyll in the sprouts and the new quality of the sprouts compared to colorless etiolated control sprouts (Table 3).

Thus, the use of the proposed method using low-energy radiation of a monochromatic LED source LED UV 380 nm (radiation intensity 0.44 μmol/m ² ⋅s) or a variant of LED KS 660 nm (radiation intensity 2.36 μmol/m ² ⋅s) allows to increase the germination energy and germination of beetroot seeds, as well as to obtain primary microgreens for a healthy diet in 10 days and use this approach in beetroot breeding to obtain new plant biotypes.

Claims (1)

A method for activating the germination of table beet seeds under LED monochromatic illumination, including germination of seeds on a mineral wool substrate in the form of plates and moistening with water, as the substrate dries, until microgreens are obtained under illumination with LEDs that continuously generate low-intensity photons, characterized in that sowing is carried out table beet seeds with a sowing density of 2 g of seeds on 10 × 20 cm plates using monochromatic illumination of LEDs of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 380 nm or red light with a wavelength of 660 nm as light sources at a photon light density at the level of the substrate with seeds of 0 .44 µmol/m ² s and 2.36 µmol/m ² s, respectively.