RU2238003C1 - Green feed production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, feed production.

SUBSTANCE: method involves exposing sapropel to supersonics; mixing processed sapropel with seeds of barley, oats etc; adding homogenized sapropel to seeds in an amount of 75-100% by weight of basic material; placing sapropel on solid cover or substrate and introducing seeds; providing germination of seeds until emergence of roots or sprouts; 4-6 days later, exposing germinated seeds to radiation, i.e., solar radiation, incandescent lamps etc, to provide predetermined sprouts growing mode for given type of plants. Method allows plant mass to be increased by 20-25%, content of protein, vitamin, iodine and other elements to be substantially increased.

EFFECT: provision for producing of feed adapted for improving general state of farm animal, digestion, and normalized metabolic processes resulting in increased weight gain and improved keeping of young animals.

2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, namely the production of green feed used as the main feed or for feeding all types of farm animals and poultry, both young animals and adult animals.

Known methods for the production of green fodder (Kruglyakov Yu.A. Equipment for the continuous cultivation of green fodder hydroponically. M: Agropromizdat, 1991; Obraztsov A.S., Piutkin S.N. Hydroponic fodder from barley on a substrate from straw // Feed production. 1980. No. 10; Bazarov E.I., Shirokov Yu.A. Agrozooenergetika. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1987), including preliminary preparation, germination of seeds, their placement on the vegetation surface and subsequent cultivation of seedlings. In this case, the duration of preliminary germination is about one day. After that, the seeds are placed on a flat surface (without using a substrate) or on a substrate. Watering the seeds is done at regular intervals. The first 4-6 days, the cultivation of feed is carried out practically without access to both sunlight and other light. Subsequent cultivation of seedlings for 4-6 days is carried out with a given level of exposure to both natural and artificial light.

However, the known methods have insufficient efficiency both directly in growing green mass, and in the effect of eating this mass by farm animals due to the low content of nutrients in the substrate, which could be used as fertilizer for plants, as well as to enrich the biomass of feed with organic, mineral substances and vitamins necessary for animals.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is the method of production of green feed (Galkin MA, Lipov Yu.N. Method of production of green feed. RF Patent No. 2025987; class 6 A 23 K 1/00, A 01 G 31/00 ), in which, before soaking and / or in the process of spreading the seeds, they are mixed with crushed zeolite, an ion-exchange material not exceeding the size of the seeds, due to which it binds to the root system of the plants and is completely introduced into the animal’s body when eaten. Zeolite is added in an amount of 1-15% of the initial seed weight before soaking, i.e. air-dried seeds.

This method is not effective enough to grow green mass and the effect of eating this mass due to the absence or low content of some nutrients necessary for plants in the zeolite, as well as the lack of iodine, organic substances and vitamins necessary for animals.

The aim of the invention is to increase productivity, increase the biological value and efficiency of the resulting feed.

This is achieved by the fact that before soaking the seeds are mixed with sapropel, which is homogenized by ultrasound.

As a result of a search conducted in the scientific, technical and patent literature, an identical technical solution was not found, which proves that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of “novelty”.

The proposed technical solution is based on well-known techniques for growing hydroponic feed, including when mixing the seeds of the original crops with the substrate by soaking, and known techniques for ultrasonic processing of materials. The difference of the proposed method is the specified combination of features, which is not known with the following effect.

Application of the proposed method leads to an increase in the resulting green mass by 20-25% due to the use by plants of the elements contained in sapropel (%): N - 1.8 ... 2.5; P ₂ O ₅ - 0.2 ... 0.5; K ₂ O - 0.3 ... 1.6. At the same time, plant biomass and all feed are enriched with mineral, organic substances and vitamins necessary for animals, since sapropel contains (in%): organic matter - 4.5 ... 26; ashes - 3 ... 42; protein - 1 ... 6. 1 kg of sapropel dry matter contains cobalt - 12.8 mg; Manganese - up to 91; copper - up to 25.6; molybdenum - up to 47; bora - up to 37.2; zinc - up to 59.7; iodine - up to 6.33; bromine - up to 58 mg. In addition, sapropel contains carotene; vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₁₂ , folic acid. However, sapropel is heterogeneous in composition, since it is formed from the remains of planktonic organisms of plants (various algae) and animals (protozoa, small crustaceans, etc.), and its assimilation by animals and plant nutrition is difficult. Ultrasonic treatment is used to homogenize sapropel. Given the foregoing, it can be considered that the invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The method can be implemented using known devices (Basov AM, Bykov VG, Laptev AV, Fain VB Electrotechnology. M: Agropromizdat, 1985) under appropriate processing conditions for sapropel.

Since sapropel is known as an additive for growing plants and as a feed additive, the invention meets the criterion of “industrial applicability”.

A method of producing hydroponic feed is as follows.

Sapropel before mixing with the seeds of lentils, oats, barley, etc. treated with ultrasound. In this case, homogenized sapropel is added to the seeds in an amount of 75-100% of the initial weight, depending on the presence and type of substrate used, and the parameters of the ultrasonic treatment regimes vary depending on the size of the mineral particles. Moreover, this additive can be carried out at the stage before soaking or at the stage of seed germination.

After ultrasonic homogenization, sapropel is placed on a hard surface (without substrate) or substrate (straw or otherwise). Further on the technology is the introduction of seeds, which are scattered in a uniform layer. Top seeds sprinkled with homogenized sapropel. Then the seeds are germinated until the roots and seedlings appear, after which, for 4-6 days, the germinated seeds are exposed to radiation, that is, sunlight, incandescent lamps, etc., according to a certain light regime corresponding to the regime of growing seedlings for this type of plant.

The roots of plants are completely entwined with particles of sapropel and then the layer of green food moves to the feeding zone with almost no loss of sapropel.

It should be noted that when mixed with sapropel, seeds germinate faster, seedlings develop more actively and the resulting biomass of plants increases by 20-25% compared to the option when sapropel is not used and is not subjected to ultrasound homogenization. At the same time, the content of protein, vitamins, iodine, etc. in the feed increases. According to studies, the addition of ultrasonically homogenized sapropel in the range of 75-100% allows you to effectively feed hydroponic green food to young animals and adult animals. When sapropel is added in an amount of less than 75%, there is no noticeable effect of increasing the productivity of this technology for growing feed and there is no significant effect of changing the physiological parameters of animals or birds when feeding the feed. These parameters are to increase the egg production of chickens, improve hatchability of chickens, increase the safety of young animals, increase the level of carotene in the yolk of eggs, and increase the gain in live weight. The output of carcasses of the first category increases.

In each case, the parameters of ultrasonic treatment, plant types, and the stage of germination should be recommended. In addition, the stage of zeolite incorporation and other biochemical parameters should be taken into account.

Example 1. Sapropel is homogenized by ultrasound. The mineral fraction of sapropel does not exceed 0.3 cm; the most rational fraction is 0.1-0.3 cm. Processing modes: 120-140 s with an average radiation intensity of 4 · 10 ⁴ W / m ² . Homogenized sapropel is added to the seeds of cereals, legumes and / or mixtures thereof before soaking in an amount of 75-100%. After soaking, the seeds are spread on a surface or substrate, for example, from straw and germinated to a maximum duration of 6 days, after which these seedlings are irradiated with sunlight under a given program (you can also irradiate with any other light according to a program corresponding to the light regime of germination).

Irrigation in this case can occur according to a given program, in addition, at the first stage, as a result of mixing the seeds with moistened zeolite, irrigation can be carried out taking into account the moisture content of seeds mixed with zeolite, or according to a given program.

Example 2. Seeds are soaked by a standard method, spread on a special surface or on a porous structure. In the process of seed spreading, homogenized sapropel is added in an amount of 75-100%. Further seed germination and feed cultivation is carried out according to a given program (see example 1).

Example 3. Sapropel is homogenized by ultrasound. One part of the homogenized sapropel is added to the seeds before soaking. Seeds are spread on a special surface or porous structure. During seed spreading, the remainder of the homogenized sapropel is applied. The total amount of homogenized sapropel added to the seeds is 75-100%. Further seed germination and feed cultivation is carried out according to a given program (see example 1).

It should be noted that the introduction of homogenized sapropel of less than 75% does not contribute to the improvement of digestion of farm animals and poultry, and an excess of 100% does not have any effect over the existing one.

Homogenized sapropel containing mineral, organic substances, vitamins, improves the general condition and digestion of farm animals and poultry. Conservation is increasing (broilers - by 5-6%; young laying hens - by 7-8%; pigs - by 5%); egg laying of hens increases by 8-10%; hatchability of day-old chickens increases by 3%. The level of carotene in the yolk of eggs increases by 4-5%; increase in live weight (broiler chickens - by 6-11%; cattle - by 5-8%; pigs - by 10-15%); the output of carcasses of the first category is increased by 11%. Along with this, these indicators occur with a decrease in the amount of green feed introduced into the diet by 1.2-1.3 times.

As experimental studies have shown, the addition of sapropel homogenized by sonication can increase the yield of green mass, improve the growing regime due to the availability of nutrients needed for plants, and due to a more uniform application of moisture (due to the uniformity of sapropel and its moisture capacity).

Moreover, almost all sapropel is bound by food and there is the possibility of dosed introduction of homogenized sapropel, which has a uniform composition and contains mineral, organic substances and vitamins, into the body of animals along with the feed. This improves their general condition, promotes digestion, normalization of metabolic processes. The shown values of the gain, the safety of young animals, etc. reflect these positive changes in the body of farm animals and poultry, which allows us to consider this method to be extremely effective for production.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing green food, including soaking seeds, planting them, germinating and then growing seedlings, characterized in that before soaking and / or in the process of planting, the seeds are mixed with sapropel, homogenized by ultrasound. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the homogenized sapropel is added in an amount of 75-100% of the initial seed weight before soaking.