RU2268567C1 - Method for growing of fodder crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, field feed production.

SUBSTANCE: method involves joint sowing of number of fodder crops; sowing perennial fodder crop, in particular oriental bunias, by wide-row process simultaneously with annual marker crops such as oats, amaranth and pea at seeding rate making 18-25% of basic crop; mowing crops at flowering phase of annual crops; next year, in spring, additionally sowing Lucerne in oriental bunias spacings in an amount of 10% by seeding rate of oriental bunias.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in growing of fodder crops.

3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to field feed production, and may find application in the cultivation of fodder crops balanced by the sugar-protein ratio.

A known method of growing feed crops, where they carry out strip planting of annual and perennial crops (patent 2019071, 1994).

In a known technical solution, additional machining is necessary to maintain a strip of black vapor. Sugar-protein balanced feed is obtained only during the sowing of annual crops, and additional cultivation also requires tillage and planting costs.

The closest technical solution is the method of joint sowing of several feed crops using oats as a backstage (A.S. No. 1806506, 1993)

In this technical solution, the backstage annual oats culture is used in the year of sowing and as a fodder, and due to the sowing of the bean component, full-fledged food is received only for the next year. This reduces the effectiveness of the method.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method.

This goal is achieved by the fact that eastern swerbig fodder culture is sown widely in a mixture with three annual lighthouse crops of oats, amaranth and peas at a seed rate of 18-25% of the main crop, and the whole mass is used for feed in the year of sowing, and in the spring of next year in the rows of sverbigi, the bean component is sowed, alfalfa in the amount of 10% of the sowing rate of sverbigi.

The method is as follows.

In the spring, a long-term fodder crop is sown with the Eastern Sverbig. Since the seeds of this culture have a hard shell, and seedlings appear at least 3-4 weeks later, lighthouse crops are sown: oats, amaranth, peas, which germinate after 4-5 days.

This makes it possible to timely inter-row processing.

Overbig, by the time of ripening of annual lighthouse crops (flowering phase), develops weakly (height 25-30 cm) and is mowed with them. The resulting feed mass in the proposed method has a sufficient ratio of 1: 2 sugars and proteins, (table 1.)

The next year, the swerbig begins to grow earlier than other crops, which allows for the early sowing of alfalfa in the amount of 3.5 kg / ha (10% of the norm of swerbigi). This dose is justified by the normal development of alfalfa plants that do not inhibit the development and growth of overwigs. Such joint sowing for 8-9 years provides a balanced feed.

In the budding-flowering phase of the overgrowth of the 2nd year of life, it gives 40-50 t / ha of green mass, and in mixture with the protein component - alfalfa up to 60 t / ha. Sverbig contains about 10% sugar and 22-24% crude protein.

Table 1
Nutrients per feed unit (g) per year of sowing Experience Options Crude protein Digestible protein Sugar Starch Swerbig + oats 92 62 49 fifty Sverbiga + amaranth + oats 128 116 74 84 Sverbiga + Amaranth 112 105 62 70 Swerbig + peas 139 112 65 76 Proposed 186 138 72 132 table 2
Nutrients in one feed unit (g) in the 2nd - 5th years of Sverbigi's life Method Options Crude protein Digest. protein Sugar Starch 2nd year of grass stand life Swerbig 106 67 53 65 Alfalfa 128 73 31 45 Swerbig + Alfalfa 152 86 45 73 3-5 year of grass stand life Swerbig 126 75 40 68 Alfalfa 138 82 28 52 Swerbig + Alfalfa 175 96 47 78

Alfalfa, which contains an increased amount of amino acids and exceeds the overwig by 1.5-2 times in this indicator, has high nutritional benefits (Table 2).

Example. After harvesting the predecessor (to which the sweep is not demanding), the soil is discarded and plowed to a depth of 20-22 cm. Early in the spring (March 15-20), the sweep is sown in rows with 60 cm row spacing with a seed rate of 35-40 kg / ha. Together with sverbigi seeds, oats 3-4 kg / ha, peas 3-4 kg / ha and amaranth 200-300 g / ha are sown. The sum of the annual mixture is 6.2-8.3 kg / ha, i.e. 17.8-20% of the seeding rate of sverbigi. The next year, when overgrowing regrowth, the blue-alfalfa alfalfa is sown in the amount of 3.5 kg / ha.

Data on the results of the experiments are summarized in table 3.

Table 3
Productivity of Eastern Swerbigi in pure form and in mixture by years of life Method Options Harvest mass from 1 ha, in tons Feed units per hectare in tons green mass dry
thing 1st year pure swerbig 4.60 0.92 3.73 swerbig mixed with lighthouse crops (oats + amaranth + peas) 28.60 6.86 24.6 2nd year pure swerbig 58.0 13.3 46.9 swerbig + alfalfa 69.2 15.9 62.3 3rd year pure swerbig 83,2 69.1 67.4 swerbig + alfalfa 96.1 87.5 85.5

Claims (1)

A method of growing fodder crops, including the joint sowing of several fodder crops, characterized in that the long-term fodder crop of the Eastern Sverbig is sown widely at the same time as the annual lighthouse crops - oats, amaranth and peas - with a norm of their mixture 18-25% of the main crop and mowed in phase flowering annual crops, and in the spring of next year, alfalfa is planted in the rows of sverbigi in the amount of 10% of the norm of sverbigi.