RU2219691C1 - Method for cultivating of perennial grass for seed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, plant growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing joint sowing of clover and timothy seeds, two rows of each crop, in alternation for oath covering; after harvesting of clover for seeds, liquidating clover rows and applying lime layer onto formed spacing in an amount of 3-5 t/hectare; harvesting timothy seeds. EFFECT: increased seed productivity, improved feed quality, reduced contamination of sown crop and decreased cost of perennial grass cultivation process. 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of perennial grasses for seeds.

 A known method of cultivating perennial grasses, in which clover is sown in a mixture with timothy grass under the cover of oats in narrow-row planting (Sergeev P.A. et al. Clover culture for feed and seeds. M: Kolos, 1973, p. 183 ... 196 )

 However, with this method of sowing, clover is thinned, as a result of which the seed yield is reduced.

 The closest technical solution is a method that includes sowing grass under the cover of oats, harvesting the green mass of the first mowing, removing part of the rows by thinning with the formation of a wide-row plant placement scheme (a.p. 1255069, M. cl. A 01 C 1/00, 1986) .

The prototype method has the following disadvantages:
- the resulting green mass of the first mowing is not high enough, as it is not balanced enough for the sugar-protein content of the elements. The pure green mass of clover in its pure form induces temponia in animals.

 - in sparse aisles, cultivation and hilling are carried out, which increases the cost of implementing the method.

 - grass crops grown on acidic soil require additional lime, which also increases costs.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase seed productivity, improve feed quality, reduce weediness of crops and the cost of cultivating perennial grasses.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype method, two alternating rows of clover and timothy are sown, separate clover seeds are harvested together with green mass of timothy for the 2nd year, and thawing of crops is carried out for the 3rd year after spring regrowth By removing clover rows, a layer of crushed lime at a dose of 3 ... 5 t / ha is applied to the resulting rows of timothy seeds, followed by harvesting of timothy seeds.

 The method is as follows.

 Clover and timothy are sown in 2 rows of each culture with 15 cm aisles under the cover of oats (Fig. 1). In the year of sowing, the green mass of oats is mowed at the heading stage and at the end of the growing season, the aftermath along with clover and timothy.

 On the 2nd year of life, 1 mowing of the green mass of the entire crop is carried out. By the time of ripening of clover seeds from the second mowing, timothy grass reaches mowing ripeness. Clover seed harvesting is carried out in a separate way, that is, mowing clover grass seed and timothy grass are massed, and 2 ... 3 days after the entire mass is dried, they are harvested and threshed with a combine. The resulting mixture of clover straw and timothy hay is a nutritious feed. Thus, at the same time we get food and clover seeds.

 In the third year, in early spring, the rows of clover are destroyed, since this crop is thinned and falls after harvesting for seeds. Cultivators to a depth of 10.. .14 cm, the crops are thinned, forming the rows of timothy 45 cm (Fig. 2).

 Since the row spacing formed is clogged, after removing the clover rows in the 3rd year of life, a layer of lime at a dose of 3 ... 5 t / ha is applied to the soil surface in the row spacings. A small layer (1 ... 1.5 cm) of lime forms, which reduces acidity, prevents the germination of weed seeds, and reduces the pathogenic load on timothy plants.

 Typically, in the area of cultivation of clover and timothy, calcareous fertilizers are introduced, which contribute to a decrease in soil acidity (within 5 ... 10 t / ha). Lime is embedded in the soil and thereby the costs of cultivation technology are increased.

 In our technical solution, lime, applied to the soil surface in the early spring with a small layer (1 ... 1.5 cm) at a dose of 3 ... 5 t / ha, penetrates the soil, increasing the intensity of decomposition of cultivated clover rows.

 The clarified white surface of the aisles overheats less and retains more moisture in the early spring, which creates optimal conditions for photosynthesis during the flowering season of timothy, the number of weeds is reduced.

 The justification of the selected process parameters by the amount of lime is explained by its need, depending on the acidity of the soil. The higher the acidity, the more lime is added.

 Example 1. Sowing was carried out early in the spring with a SZT-3.6 grain-seeder with a sowing rate of 90 kg of oats, 8 kg of clover and 4 kg of timothy per hectare. All crops were sowed with 15 cm row spacing. In the grass bunker, they were blocked by partitions through 2 coulters so that clover and timothy were sown separately with 15 cm row spacing in 2 rows.

 In the first year, in mid-June, the green mass of oats was mowed, and in September, the aftermath of oats and growing grass.

 The following year, at the end of May, the green mass of two crops was mowed simultaneously, and 15.. On August 20, the clover for seeds was harvested in a separate way, previously mowing the ripened clover and green rows of timothy. The threshed mass of clover along with hay of timothy was harvested for food.

 In the 3rd year of life after the start of grass growth in early spring, the rows of clover were removed by the cultivator to a depth of 10 ... 14 cm and timothy was left on the seeds. In the aisles formed, lime was applied to the soil surface at the rate of 3 t / ha. Preliminarily, the lime was crushed, and the plant was introduced by the cultivator with a feeder of the КРН-4,2 brand. When making lime, the working bodies (paws with arrows) were removed so that the lime was applied evenly on the soil surface in the aisles. In the first decade of August, timothy was removed for seeds.

 Example 2. The method was carried out as in the first example. The amount of lime added was 5 t / ha.

 The rationale for the selected parameters is tabulated.

 The data presented in the table indicate that increasing the dose of lime (6.. .7 t / ha) reduces weediness, increases the yield, but at the same time increases the cost of its cost and application. A smaller dose of lime (1.5 ... 2 t / ha) has no effect on the amount of weed vegetation.

 Thus, the proposed technical solution provides an increase in comparison with the prototype for 40 ... 50 kg / ha of hay, 0.81 kg / ha of clover seeds and an additional 3.8 kg / ha of timothy seeds. At the same time, the number of weeds decreases, soil fertility increases due to plowing of clover rows and lime, the quality of feed is improved by the sugar-protein combination of cereal-bean components.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating perennial grasses for seeds, including narrow-row sowing of clover under the cover of cereal crops, harvesting green mass and seeds sequentially over years, mowing crops, characterized in that clover and timothy are placed alternately in two rows of each type of grass separately and after harvesting clover for seeds when the grass stand grows for 3 years, the rows of legumes are eliminated, and in the place of the formed row-spacings the timothy grasses bring in finely ground lime within 3 ... 5 t / ha, followed by harvesting of the grass stand emena.

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