RU2250586C2 - Method for creating of permanent cultured pastures on sloped lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, grassland management.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cultivating sod; sowing legume grasses having different root systems at predetermined distance from one another; first year, providing continuous sowing of three kinds of clover: red, white and mixture of like sorts; next year, providing 45-50 cm spacings in formed herbage; sowing cereal grasses thereon at seeding norm of 25-30% with respect to clover mixture.

EFFECT: increased productivity of permanent pastures and improved quality of feeds.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to meadow cultivation, and may find application in the creation of long-term pastures.

There is a method of creating long-term cultural pastures on sloping lands, in which cereal and then bean grasses are sown sequentially (patent No. 2168294, M. class. A 01 B 79/02, 2001).

In this method, legumes (in particular, clover) are short-lived, and the resulting grass is not balanced by the sugar-protein ratio.

There is also known a method in which two types of clover are sown on sloping lands: meadow with row spacings of 85-90 cm, and more durable are sown in free spaces - similar clover (patent No. 2088065, M. cl. A 01 B 79/02, 1997) .

In the known prototype method, the formed clover phytocenosis is short-lived, since it is trampled under the influence of zoogenic factors, as a result of which bald patches arise, which help to flush the upper fertile soil layer. In addition, the clover community is not balanced by the sugar protein ratio, which reduces the effectiveness of the method.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productive longevity of the pasture and the quality of feed.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype method, in the first year a mixture of three types of meadow clover, similar, creeping with a different root system is sown in a continuous way, and the next year the crops are thinned across the slope every 40-50 cm, where the perennial mixture is sown cereal herbs in the amount of 25-30% of the norm of sowing legume components.

The method is as follows.

Early in the spring, a mixture of 3 species of meadow clover with a rod root system, creeping and similar, with a root shoot system is sown. Creeping and similar in the first year of life earlier develop the root system (up to 1.5 m) than meadow clover. Propagating by root offspring, clover creeping and similar, protect the slopes from erosion processes. Clover meadow, penetrating deeper into the soil, also contributes to the formation of larger lumps, preventing water and wind erosion.

The next year, in spring (when clover regrowth), a cultivator decimates the grass stand with a row spacing of 45-50 cm across the slope. The rationale for the selected parameters is explained by the technical conditions of the SZG-2.4 grass seeder, adapted for mountain slopes.

At a norm of sowing legumes of 20-25 kg / ha, perennial cereal grasses sow 5-7.5 kg / ha or 25-30% of the norm of sowing legumes. This seeding rate is explained by the uniform ratio of leguminous leguminous grass mixtures to obtain a fodder mass balanced by the sugar-protein ratio (with an optimal coefficient of 0.9-1).

Due to the development of nodule bacteria of three types of clover with different ability of nitrogen accumulation, grasses grow normally. The powerful root system of perennial grass-legume mixtures reduces the processes of water and wind erosion on mountain slopes.

In the year of sowing legumes, not only the root system branches, but biological nitrogen also accumulates in the range of 100-150 kg / ha, which is necessary for the development of cereal grasses.

The created bean-cereal phytocenosis is balanced by the sugar-protein ratio, which is an ideal feed for cattle.

Sown perennial grasses of different biotypes are durable for 10-15 years, while maintaining high quality grass stand.

Example 1. In the spring, seeds of clover meadow, similar, creeping in a mixture in the amount of 20 kg / ha with a SZG-2,4 seeder were sown across the slope. The next year, the cultivator KON-4.2 thinned the crops to a row spacing of 45 cm and followed by sowing grasses with a loose root system (hedgehog harvested, timothy meadow) in an amount of 5 kg / ha, i.e. 25% of the legume sowing rate.

Example 2. Sowing was carried out, as in the first example, with a difference in the sowing rate of 3 types of clover 25 kg / ha and cereal grasses 7.5 kg / ha. Aisles of 50 cm. Such a relatively dense grass stand in both examples will contribute to the reduction of erosion processes, the normal development of the grass stand, balanced by the sugar-protein ratio. Annual seed renewal of sown herbs will ensure their long-term existence

The results are summarized in table.

Experience Options Humus content,% for the 6th year Soil loss, thousand m ³ / ha Harvest of hay, kg / ha for the 6th year Productive surface soil% for the 6th year Sugar Protein Ratio Prototype
(2 types of clover) 5.12 0.61 38.6 76 0.4-0.5 Sowing 3 types of clover 5.32 0.56 39.3 80 0.4-0.5 Sowing plural cereal grasses (without legumes) 5.03 0.62 37,2 75 0.3-0.4 Proposed 5.82 0.21 48.8 92 0.9-1.1 Sowing 3 types of clover + 15-20% cereal grasses 5.69 0.34 39.8 82 0.7-0.8 Sowing 3 types of clover + 35-40% cereal grass 5.70 0.20 42.3 90 0.6-0.7

From the above data, the table shows that in the proposed option for 6 years of life, the projective cover of the soil is 92% versus 76% of the prototype, the amount of humus increases by 0.6%. Due to the correct selection of components, hay yield is balanced, balanced by the sugar-protein ratio.

Claims (1)

A method of creating long-term cultural pastures, including the cultivation of turf, sowing legumes at a certain distance with different root systems, characterized in that in the first year three types of clover are sown in a continuous way - meadow, creeping, similar in mixture, and the next year on the formed grass stand form aisles to a width of 45-50 cm, where cereal grasses are sown with a seeding rate of 25-30% in relation to the clover mixture.