RU2250584C2 - Method for accumulating moisture in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, accumulation of moisture in soil including thaw water.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing autumn plowing; leveling field surface and cutting furrows in plowing and subsurface soil layers so as to form staggered cavities, with space between end of previous cavity and beginning of subsequent cavity in row being 50-150 cm. Cavities are made 1.5-4 m long and are arranged at 5-50 cm depth. Cavities are provided by means of rotating working tool. Method allows yield to be increased by 10-15%.

EFFECT: increased amounts of moisture accumulated in soil and, accordingly, increased crop yield.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to methods of accumulating moisture in the soil due to melt water.

A known method of preserving moisture and restoring soil structure by forming on the surface of the field recesses and tubercles such as fir trees and from below the recesses, humus emulsion is fed into the soil under pressure with the formation of a layer of it [1].

This method does not give good results on the accumulation of moisture and requires additional costs for the use of humic emulsion.

The closest technical solution to the claimed method is a method of accumulating moisture in the soil, including autumn plowing, leveling the surface of the field and making furrows, with the formation of ridges to a depth from the field surface, equal to the depth of seeding of the seeds of the sowing crop, at a distance from each other equal to 3 -4 times the depth of seeding [2].

The disadvantage of this method is that the volume of the formed furrows is very small for the accumulation of moisture from meltwater and the moisture is unevenly distributed over the surface of the field. The total volume of moisture does not provide the necessary amount for the growth of crops. Also, this method is not applicable in fields with uneven terrain.

The objective of the proposed solution is to ensure maximum and uniform accumulation of moisture from melt water by increasing the total amount of accumulated moisture and its uniform distribution in the soil.

This goal is achieved in that a method of accumulating moisture in the soil, including autumn plowing, leveling the surface of the field, making furrows, furrows, is performed in the arable and subsoil layers of the soil with the formation of cavities located in a checkerboard pattern with the interval between the end of the previous and the beginning of the subsequent cavity in a row from 50 to 150 cm, the implementation of the cavity with a length of 1.5 to 4 m and the placement of cavities to a depth of 5 to 50 cm by the working body of the rotary type.

The implementation of the furrows in the form of intermittent internal cavities will significantly increase the amount of accumulated moisture compared to the prototype.

The proposed method is as follows: in the fall after harvesting the previous culture, a plow of the soil is plowed while the field surface is evened out by harrowing, then furrows are made on the field in the form of intermittent internal cavities. The cavities are performed by a rotary type working body, the blades of which are equipped with plates in the form of a curved polygon, which during operation form discontinuous internal cavities in the arable and subsurface layers of the soil. An intermittent furrowed furrow forms on the soil surface with a maximum depth in the center and a minimum at the inlet and outlet of the blades, and depending on the depth of processing on the field surface along the aisle of the blades, an earthen bead with a height of up to 20 millimeters is formed.

Intermittent internal cavities are placed to a depth of 5 to 50 centimeters, depending on soil and climatic conditions, in a checkerboard pattern with an interval between the end of the previous and the beginning of the subsequent cavity in the same row from 50 to 150 centimeters. The internal cavity may have a length of from 1.5 to 4 meters, depending on the adjustments of the rotary cultivating working body.

The implementation of intermittent internal cavities to a depth of more than 50 centimeters is impractical due to a sharp increase in traction resistance, and when making intermittent cavities on the field surface up to 5 centimeters, surface loosening of the soil occurs and the formation of internal cavities is impossible.

The furrow, made in the form of intermittent internal cavities, prevents the escape of moisture on the surface of the field. Moisture in the cavity remains in it. In addition, the surface of the field remains flat without deep craters and high furrows.

Thus, moistening and moisture retention in the soil are achieved at a depth of up to 85 centimeters. The use of such internal cavities will increase the amount of accumulated moisture by 35% and thereby increase the yield by 10-15%.

The application of this method in fields with uneven terrain is especially effective.

The method is tested on the experimental fields of OmGAU.

Claims (2)

1. The method of accumulation of moisture in the soil, including autumn plowing, leveling the surface of the field, crafts furrows, characterized in that the furrows are performed in the arable and subsoil layers of the soil with the formation of cavities located in a checkerboard pattern with an interval between the end of the previous and the beginning of the subsequent cavity in a row from 50 to 150 cm, the cavities are 1.5 to 4 m long and placed to a depth of 5 to 50 cm. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermittent internal cavity is performed by a rotary type working body.