RU2352092C2 - Method of meliorating soil little water-holding capacity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: present invention pertains to agriculture and forestry and can be used for reclamation of degraded pastures and creating shelter forests in arid areas. The method involves ploughing soil with little water-holding capacity at depth 50-70 cm, with formation of a water-holding layer in form of a shield under the plough-layer and subsequent sowing. The shield is made by compacting the plough-layer. In the topsoil, discontinuously arranged water-retaining depressions are made with the sowed seeds together with hydrogel.

EFFECT: increased water-holding capacity of soil and improvement of conditions for growth and germination of plant seeds sowed in the soil.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry and can be used for radical improvement of degraded pastures, as well as the creation of protective afforestation in arid territories.

A known method of forming a moisture-saving, moisture-accumulating soil layer and a combined tillage unit for its implementation (Pat. RU 2179382 C2, АВВ 79/00, 49/02 - 02/20/2002), including loosening and worming of soil with variable depth with the formation of intrasoil ridges and compression the middle part of the treated formation.

The disadvantage of this method is that the compression of the middle part of the formation will prevent the distribution of moisture throughout the depth of the loosened soil, and the formation of subsurface ridges in it is possible only theoretically, because in practice there can be no significant difference in the hardness of the soil in the ridges and between them moisture accumulation will be negligible.

The closest analogue to the claimed method of land reclamation of low moisture soils is the solution SU 1787164 A3, АВВ 79/02, 01/07/1993, in which the soil is loosened or plowed to a depth of 50 ... 70 cm with the formation of a water-retaining layer (screen) based on clay under the arable horizon, which is introduced in a dusty form through vertical slots with the subsequent introduction of a polymer hydrogel into them, and then various plants are sown on the reclaimed area.

The disadvantage of this method is the following.

1. The large complexity, energy costs and economic disadvantage, because it cannot be realized without a number of auxiliary operations, including: extraction of clay, its drying in special furnaces, crushing, grinding, transportation for drying and to the working unit in the field, loading and unloading.

2. A good development of root systems is provided only for those plants that are sown directly above or near the root crop rods, which makes it impossible to fill the entire reclaimed area with flora.

The objective of the proposed method is to increase the moisture capacity of loosened soils and improve the conditions of growth and development of plant seeds sown on them.

The technical result in solving the problem of the invention is achieved by the fact that during the reclamation of low-moisture soils, they are loosened or plowed to a depth of 50-70 cm with the formation of a water-retaining layer in the form of a screen under the arable horizon and the subsequent sowing of plant seeds together with the hydrogel in discrete located in the surface layer soil moisture accumulating recesses, and the screen is created by the method of additional compaction of the upper layer of the subsurface horizon.

The proposed set of features provides the accumulation and retention of moisture in the whole loosened (plowed) to a depth of 50 ... 70 cm soil layer, including in the recesses of the surface soil layer, in places of planting seeds.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant made it possible to establish that an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention was not found.

Therefore, the claimed invention according to the current legislation meets the requirement of "novelty", and the absence of signs of an analogue that matches the features of the claimed invention, shows that the claimed invention, which affects the achievement of the technical result, should not be obvious to a specialist from the prior art. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step".

The drawing shows a diagram of a cross section of a plot of field with low moisture soil treated according to the proposed method, where: 1 - loosened soil; 2 - a water-retaining compacted soil layer in the form of a screen; 3 - moisture-collecting recesses with sown seeds of plants along with hydrogel.

The method of reclamation of low moisture soils is as follows.

With a deep-ripper with flat-cutting working bodies or a plow with a subsoiler, the soil is processed to a depth of 50 ... 70 cm. Simultaneously with this operation, an additional compaction of the upper layer of the subsoil horizon is performed under a loosened soil layer. As a result of this, a water-retaining layer is formed in the form of a screen, which contributes to the accumulation and retention of moisture in the loosened soil layer.

On the surface of loosened soil, discreetly located moisture-accumulating depressions are created in which seeds of various plants are sown together with a hydrogel. Moisture accumulated in the loosened soil layer above the water-holding screen, as well as directly in the recesses of the seeds, contributes to their rapid germination and good growth.

In general, the proposed method will increase the moisture accumulation in low moisture soils and improve the growing conditions of agricultural and forest crops on them.

Claims (1)

A method for the reclamation of low-moisture soils, including loosening or plowing them to a depth of 50-70 cm with the formation of a water-retaining layer in the form of a screen under the arable horizon and subsequent planting, characterized in that the screen is created by compaction of the subsurface horizon, while in the surface layer of soil they form discretely disposable water storage cavities with sowing of seeds along with hydrogel.