RU2239982C2 - General-purpose unitized integral sectioned zoo processing conveyor system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, equipment used in farms and small-scale agricultural complexes.

SUBSTANCE: conveyor system has zoo conveyor, agronomical conveyor and processing conveyor. Each conveyor includes functional flow lines for forming of specialized units. Each unit is adapted for specialized production of agricultural products. Said units are united into single industrial production complex with mechanized processing of the entice cycle, beginning from animal and plant growing to processing of raw materials and manufacture of products. Conveyor system provides for complete cycle from plant and animal growing to obtaining of final product.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities and wider range of products.

15 cl, 71 dwg

Description

The conveyor system universal block-integral-sectional zoo-agro-processing (KSU-BIS) (hereinafter - KS) refers to the field of agriculture, namely to the construction, technological support and technical equipment of small agricultural enterprises, mainly for the creation of peasant (farmer) farms and small agricultural complexes .

Famous family farms [1, 2, 3], which are a housing production complex of autonomous functioning and consisting of blocks: housing with rooms for personal subsidiary plots, production (household) for keeping animals, with mechanized removal of manure and milking of cows, and feed, where storage facilities for feed components with a set of equipment for mechanization of feed preparation and feed distribution, as well as premises for storage and repair of agricultural machinery, fertilizers, technology cal, energy, sanitary equipment and the creation of production and living conditions for workers. The production also includes greenhouse, garden, apiary, pond farms for personal use or commodity production, depending on its specialization.

As a rule, the recommended technological processes for keeping and raising animals envisage blocking production household and auxiliary premises into a single agricultural complex on the principle of “under one roof” in the form of a monoblock, and the typification of projects is focused on a relatively narrow specialization of production and a well-defined number of animals. that due to the variety of options for family farms, as well as the concept of using local building materials for builders ARISING creates excessive individuality of design and technological solutions, increasing the degree of industrialization complicating the creation of small agrozoopredpriyaty complicates their development in the course of operation and limits the flexibility and efficiency of restructuring in terms of market requirements.

The viability of small agricultural enterprises and their competitiveness depend mainly on production efficiency, the ability to quickly rebuild technically quantitatively and qualitatively depending on market conditions and demand for products, its wide profile, which depends not so much on the market conditions as on the consumer needs of workers, the versatility of technological processes and equipment and optimal ratios, depending on demand, agricultural production as with raw materials, and finished products of its processing with the required consumer qualities, which entails the need for the use of integrated technology that combines agricultural and processing industries operating in a closed cycle.

The main factors for increasing production efficiency are high labor productivity, productivity of livestock and crop production and the quality of both final products and products at intermediate stages of the technological process, especially when harvesting, producing and feeding feed in animal husbandry, maintaining the required technological regimes in crop production, and also economical consumption and maximum use of natural energy resources and waste management Twa based environmental requirements. The quality of labor, which is based on the replacement of heavy physical labor with intellectual due to the full mechanization, partial automation and computerization of production processes, has a significant impact on the prospects of small enterprises. All this entails additional capital investments that reduce production efficiency.

If at large enterprises these losses are compensated mainly due to quantitative indicators - growth in production volumes, then for small enterprises this indicator is not sufficient, therefore, both qualitative indicators of the enterprise itself and external indicators of cost reduction should play a decisive role along with quantitative indicators the entire cycle of its creation, including design, manufacture, construction, installation, as well as operating costs.

This can be achieved by:

- in the field of pre-project development and design - the maximum use of computer technology based on the creation of a universal construction and technological scheme of the complex and the replacement of the principle of object-by-type typing with functional sectional typing (re-design) with the subsequent integration of the necessary standard (repeated) sections into specialized units and the production of the necessary specified specialization with any production volumes;

- in the field of manufacturing - the creation of unified structures for construction and technological purposes of multi-profile use with maximum factory production in large-scale and mass production;

- in the field of construction and installation - the maximum reduction in the volume of construction and increase installation work;

- in the field of operation - increasing labor productivity based on production flow throughout the closed cycle, full mechanization and partial automation of technological and transport intra-production operations, as well as computerization of production management;

- increasing productivity - in livestock production by growing highly productive breeds on the basis of balanced nutrition, improving the quality of feed and feeding them, and in crop production by growing vegetables and mainly root crops in closed ground automated greenhouses with adjustable environmental parameters and using low-grade heat worked out air mixture ventilation systems and equipped with automated production com posts, fertilizer and earthen mixtures simultaneously used to fertilize fields;

- improving the quality of the final product at its own processing plant, working on high-quality own raw materials that do not require transportation.

Many existing farms and projects do not meet the above requirements. The universality of the construction and technological scheme is understood as a single construction and technological design, which includes a complete set of industry industries according to the plant’s principle, with a technology closed throughout the cycle, combined with the ability of the design and space-planning solution to exclude any of the industries or to develop each of them both individually and collectively depending on functional relationships, without changing the concept of the design process and in the process you complex as well as the design capacity for rapid upgrading or reconstruction of any of the spots and / or production.

The structural-technological solution of buildings is known in the form of a multi-dimensional layout and with a coordinate system for transporting and distributing animal feed [24, 4]. Oversized buildings located in parallel are interconnected in the central part by connecting jumpers, which form, together with the volumes of the buildings being connected, a technological corridor located perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the buildings being connected. The disadvantage of this solution is that it is applicable only for premises that are homogeneous in terms of sanitary and fire standards.

A reference to local building materials entails a multivariance of building structures, which is reflected in the unification of technological solutions and a decrease in the degree of industrialization both at the stage of fabrication of structures and in the process of construction and installation works and complicates the design, typification and computerization, which entails an increase in the cost of construction.

Known industrial building structures in the form of a block of insulated prefabricated polygonal structures [5], the use of which will allow, with appropriate structural linking with the technological part, to increase the degree of industrialization of the complex.

The determining factor in increasing labor productivity is industrial production flow with mechanization and automation of the main technological processes and cargo flows throughout the closed cycle on the basis of a single technological conveyor serving the main storage, loading and unloading and transport flows, both of which are especially characteristic small enterprises and especially in areas of feed production and distribution of feed in livestock otnovodstve and Planting - in storage of fertilizers, compost and fertilizer mixtures, as well as the cultivation and harvesting root crops and other vegetables that require more labor.

Known warehouse [6] of prefabricated wooden structures, made in the form of a set of separately standing in two parallel rows of covered cylindrical (polygonal) containers, equipped with vehicles receiving devices, conveyors and loading and unloading devices designed to store fertilizers, but not versatile and the ability to use it to store and process feed components.

Also known are such means of mechanization as a conveyor [7] with parallel closed circuits and scrapers connected to their links and equipped with upper and lower trays, but used, as a rule, in stationary rooms.

Known means of mechanization — the green mass feeder PZM-1.5 [8] for unloading vehicles and feeding feed components to other vehicles — are also installed and used as stationary mechanisms in closed heated rooms and do not have universality, being material- and metal-consuming structures.

A well-known tower for feed [9], containing a cylindrical tank, divided into compartments by radial rotary and fixed in this position partitions, forming openings for the unloading mechanism with the bottom of the tower and equipped with loading and unloading devices. The disadvantages of this design is that it cannot be used to store dry and succulent feed at the same time, necessary for the preparation of complete mixtures, and also requires loading and unloading equipment for each tank, which increases the cost of construction and investment in the construction and operation of the feed warehouse.

A special role in increasing the productivity of animals belongs to feed preparation and distribution of feed based on a balanced diet, based on detailed norms, which is difficult for small farms due to their complexity.

For large specialized farms, this problem is solved in feed workshops with sets of equipment such as KORK [10], KCC [11] and others, representing a combination of five, six production lines, respectively, for different feed components, which, due to their high productivity, material consumption and degree of individuality, various components of feed cannot be used in small farms.

For dispensing feed mixtures, a conveyor for dispensing feeds TRK-100 [12], as well as a feeding table SRK-100A [12], which do not meet the requirements of universality, material consumption and are complex in design, are known.

A device for the batch dispensing of bulk solids [14], comprising a loading hopper, a sectional drum and a mechanism for regulating the delivery of a batch of matter, having a design complexity and lack of universality of use for components with high humidity.

A metering device [15] is known for working with low-flowing, sticky materials, comprising a housing with a cell rotor placed inside it, in the axial part of which there is a cavity with a circular harmonic vibrator, and the rotor itself is connected to the support sleeves and the drive shaft through shock absorbers, however, the disadvantage of this metering device is a weak degree of versatility with respect to components with different bulk masses, which makes it necessary for components with a large difference About the indicator apply your dispenser.

A characteristic feature of a peasant (farmer's) economy is its work in two directions: “the production of food for personal use of his family in the largest possible range (milk and its products, meat, wool and sheepskin, fish, potatoes, cereals, vegetables, fruits, honey, mushrooms, etc.) [16] and the production of marketable products to ensure the necessary cash fund ”.

It is customary to consider private farming to be subsidiary and in the developed standard projects to be taken into account only within the framework of highly specialized commodity production in terms of their technical equipment, while “subsidiary” farms, being vital and basic in this regard, require large labor costs and, therefore, solving the issue of increasing productivity labor and especially in the preparation and distribution of animal feed, as well as in the cultivation of vegetable crops and especially root crops, which are an important component in the diet of the feed of many animals, especially with a balanced diet, and at the same time, labor-intensive crops for field growing conditions that require a variety of agricultural equipment, which is relatively unprofitable for relatively small production volumes, and the yield is unstable due to weather conditions.

The famous greenhouse G.S. Maksimova [17] for growing plants, including root tubers, which is a continuous mechanized conveyor equipped with tillage, sowing, tillage, harvesting machines, as well as apparatus for treating plants and caring for them, permanently installed in a closed process stream, also equipped with devices for molding the soil cleaning of conveyor components by mechanical, hydraulic, chemical and thermal routes. The main disadvantage of this greenhouse is the great complexity and metal consumption of the structure.

A device for growing plants [18] is also known, containing a system of closed conveyors on guides and locking through one central area common to all. The device has the disadvantage that it is not suitable for growing root crops.

Known microteplice [19], consisting of a container, a translucent enclosure, a gas selective membrane, a compartment for a substrate, a bottom space, a lattice, but having the disadvantage that it is intended for growing plants at positive temperatures, as a rule, at home.

A known greenhouse [20] with a two-layer film coating, the inner layer of which is perforated with embedded elements with holes, which is characterized by the laborious operation of opening and closing when caring for crops and planting plants.

One of the factors of economical expenditure of resources is the use of low-grade heat and chemical composition, in the form of СО ₂ , spent in ventilation systems, especially in livestock buildings, and air.

A well-known livestock farm [21], where the heat generated from animals, and the carbon dioxide of the surrounding air is used to grow feed, however, the design of the devices located inside the livestock room and the technology complicate the mechanization and flow rate of the technological cycle of animal feed production and feeding.

Famous domestic and foreign (the company “Buzhol LTD”) mini-plants for the processing of agricultural products [22]. For example, a container meat-packing plant (KMK), consisting of 6 technological modules - workshops located in large-capacity containers, and an auxiliary module; lines for the processing of milk, for the production of cheese, butter, cottage cheese; lines for the production of bread, confectionery; lines for processing sunflower seeds, buckwheat, millet, rice, etc .; potato processing lines, packaging and packing of liquid, solid, pasty and bulk products, etc. The disadvantage of all of the above and other small enterprises and production lines is, like existing family farms, the individuality of construction and technological and space-planning solutions, their low degree of unification for use as part of a single universal scheme of the complex and the lack of dynamic coordination of each performance regarding the needs for personal use and commercial production. The aim of the invention is the creation of a single industrial, with continuous flow, technological chain with the ability to rapidly expand, reduce and transform throughout the closed intra-production cycle from growing plants and animals to the production of final products in small zoo-agro-processing enterprises.

This goal is achieved by creating a universal construction and technological scheme of the production complex, equipped with a universal conveyor system of a block-integral-sectional design, representing a combination of zooconveyor, agro conveyor and processing conveyor, combined into a single technological cycle according to the minicombin principle on the basis of: industrial flow technology in a closed cycle, full mechanization and partial automation of the main production processes and cargo flows , unification of technological solutions and block-integrated-sectional construction, ensuring sectional unity of construction and technological devices with the possibility of their full factory manufacturing, industrial methods of installation on a construction site according to a single universal layout scheme, characterized in that all specialized conveyors consist of functional factory-made mobile insulated unified sections (units) and / or stationary construction and technological sec rations collected at the construction site into specialized production lines (blocks) that form industry production, capable of rapidly expanding, shrinking, transforming depending on the demand for products and ensuring industrialism and continuity of cargo flows throughout the closed cycle from growing animals and plants to production final products due to the inclusion of:

- to the zoo conveyor - an automated universal production line of the feed unit 1 (FIG. 2) and an automated universal production line of the animal keeping unit 2 (FIG. 2), consisting of: the line of the feed unit - from insulated polygonal (cylindrical) storage tanks 13 (FIG. 2) with radial partitions 23 (figure 4) and with a free cavity 20 (figure 4) for installation inside the storage tank of the mobile sections; a mobile combine harvester feed preparation 35 (Fig.2); a mobile loading and unloading section of components 34 (Fig. 2) docked to the column capacity using docking devices (Figs. 16 and 17); mobile section - the transverse conveyor 100 (Fig.20, 22); mobile section — longitudinal conveyor 120 (FIG. 23); a mobile section 140 (FIG. 23, 24) of unloading the transport with a feeder, and the line of the block for keeping animals for feeding them — from the ring conveyor with guides 156 (FIG. 24); unified trolleys 157 on rollers with special couplers 158 (Fig. 23), moving by means of a drive 176 and a chain gear 174 and equipped with feeders 177 (Fig. 25), devices for automated individual dosage of components composed of a set of sensors 183 (Fig. 26; Fig.31, 32) individual dosing of components and installation 182 (Fig.26) of the operating modes of the trolley conveyor, as well as the section for individual preparation of feed and cleaning feeders 155 (Fig.23, 24), including consumables 162 for solid components with univ rsalnymi feeders 167 (23); containers 165 for liquid components; individual mixer 166; unloading unit 161 and a set of equipment (Fig.36-46) [13] line control system;

- in the agricultural conveyor - an automated, universal production line of the block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures 4 (figure 2), consisting of mobile unified sections 231, 233, 236, 238 (figure 2) used in the feed block, but with crushing equipment, relevant components to be processed; - an automated universal production line 5 (FIG. 2) of transportation and distribution of the crop, made from the unified structural elements of an automated production line of the animal keeping unit 2 (FIG. 2), but with a longitudinal conveyor 246 (FIG. 47) equipped with a device 248 (FIG. .47) for washing root crops and end elevator 249 (Fig. 47); - conveyor 6, 7 (Fig. 2) of a vegetative container for growing mainly root crops and vegetables for personal and / or commercial use in an open area with devices 281 (Fig. 53) for collecting storm and sewage using them in automated production lines 270 (Fig. 47) of plant vegetation, which also use low-grade heat exhausted in air ventilation systems in movable on rollers along guide minicells 271 (Fig. 47) with translucent caps 276 (Fig. 49) and double walls and or in mobile open containers in an enclosed greenhouse or greenhouse type, structurally and technologically connected using picking mechanisms 277 (Fig. 53) and undeveloping 278 vegetative lines with an automated production line 6 (Fig. 2) for planting, care and harvesting, consisting of a main branch 252 (Fig. 47) and an auxiliary branch 253 of washing and sanitizing translucent caps of mini-miners, for which the main branch is equipped with mechanisms 258 for removing and installing 266 translucent caps, as well as: a green mower assy 259 with a grinder, a thresher for seeds, a device and a workplace for harvesting plants not related to root crops, a device for transporting green mass, crops and seeds to bunkers 260 and 261 of the transport line 5 (Fig. 2), equipped with universal dispensers 167 (Fig. .26); stationary harvester 262 (Fig. 47) for harvesting root crops, unloading and loading soil mixtures, feeding fertilizers to plants, as well as cleaning and sanitizing containers; stationary unit 263 planting potatoes with seeders for root crops and vegetables; plant 264 liquid processing plants; cultivator 265 and auxiliary equipment 267 (containers, dispensers, fittings, etc.), including an auxiliary line 253 for moving and sanitizing translucent caps, synchronously working with the planting, care and harvesting line, which is connected by conveyors 12 (Fig. 2) to the line block fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures, as well as using the line 5 (figure 2) transportation and distribution of crops and docking devices with a central conveyor 11 (figure 2), composed of mobile or stationary - through-type sections - longitudinal conveyor 120 (Fig. 20, 21), combining in a single continuous flow technological chain all specialized production lines, including a general section conveyor 8 (Fig. 2) for processing livestock products and a general section conveyor 9 (Fig. 2) for processing crop products in corresponding processing industries on production lines 10 (figure 2).

The storage tank has: an internal C-shaped partition 19 (Fig. 4), mounted on the central column 18 and the outer wall of the tank, creating an opening 25 for the unloading device with the bottom of the tank around the entire perimeter and forming a free cavity 20 for installing the mobile section - combine a warehouse or mobile section for loading and unloading components that slide in and out along rails with a movement limiter 21, as well as a horizontal folding partition 32; insulated opening panel 33; guides 24 of radial partitions 23, which are equipped with vertical sealing devices and lower horizontal gates 26 with a mechanism for opening and closing 27 gates during the preparation of succulent feed, cells for which the upper part is provided with an airtight coating with loading windows 29, mounted on a uniform lattice-shaped cover 28 movable in the vertical plane for each cell individually, the components of which require compaction of the contents when loading and unloading using vert Calne influence on the contact device 30, the hydraulic cylinder 31.

The mobile loading and unloading sections of the components 34 (FIG. 2) and the warehouse feed mixer 35 (FIGS. 2, 12-17) are unified units, which usually work in tandem with each other, slide along the rails 131 (FIG. 20) into the internal cavity 20 (Fig. 4) of one or another capacity, and each of one or several parts connected at the installation site, equipped depending on the functions performed, is equipped only with components loading and unloading devices (Figs. 12-17) with a drive the device (Fig. 18 and 19) of the working bodies or additional tively process unit (12-15) with a set of equipment, providing process steps and Threading including standardized nodes for both sections and units - frame 36 (Figure 12) with the chassis and the guide frames 37; the frame 38 with the insulated enclosing devices 39 fixed thereon, extending outside the container; a device (FIGS. 16 and 17) for co-docking with a column 18 (FIG. 3) of a container; loading 40 (Fig.12) and unloading 52 mechanisms with their drive and control system (Fig.16-19); as well as vehicles supplying 45 (Fig. 12) to the container and removing 65 components and mixtures thereof from it; equipped with sections docking units followed by another section according to the technological process, and the section - a warehouse feedmix-preparation combine is additionally equipped with a technological unit 68, 69, 70, 71 for crushing the components of their heat and chemical treatment with their subsequent mixing, depending on technological requirements, as well as a system of bunkers 73, 76, 79 (Fig. 12), loading mechanisms 46, 64 and unloading 74, 60, 61, 78 with drive rotation mechanisms (Fig. 18) and control locking elements (Fig. 19), equipped in the form of gearbox 90, 94 (Fig. 18, 19) in places accessible for operation.

Mobile section — the transverse conveyor 100 (FIG. 22) is provided with a frame 112 with a running gear 113 and guide rollers 114; a frame with a heat insulated enclosing device fixed on it, creating a closed, air-heated volume; double-sided sealed openings 116 for docking with other mobile and stationary sections; a scraper conveyor with parallel upper branch 101 and lower branch 102, consisting of a chain with scrapers and bottoms and equipped with drive docking devices 98, 99 (Fig. 18) for receiving power from the combine of the storage and loading and unloading section and drive docking devices transmitting power to other mating sections, as well as docking devices with two elevators for overloading transported goods from the lower branch to the upper; unified devices 115, 116 (FIG. 22) for double-sided end docking with sections — a longitudinal conveyor 120 (FIG. 20, 21); estruses 103 (Fig.22) and mechanized gates 104, 105 with remote control devices.

Mobile section - the longitudinal conveyor 120 (Fig.23) is equipped with a frame 126 with the chassis 127 and the guide rollers 128; a frame, with a heat insulated enclosing device fixed on it, creating a closed, air-heated volume, of a passage or impassable type; a scraper conveyor with parallel chains with scrapers and bottoms - the upper 121 and lower 122 branches, equipped with drive docking devices and terminal unified devices 129 for docking with other stationary or mobile sections and each other; a system of devices for installing bins if necessary - with mechanized gates 125 and a control system.

The mobile transport unloading section with feeder 140 (FIGS. 23, 24) has a frame 141 with a chassis 142 and guide rollers 143; frame 144 with insulated enclosing structures attached to it, creating a closed, air-heated volume; a hopper, the rear insulated wall 145 of which is a hinged tray with a lifting and lowering mechanism for components unloaded from vehicles; universal feeder 146 with interchangeable pairs of hinged beaters 147, a docking device 154 for docking with a transverse conveyor, stone trap 152 and a trolley 153.

The unified trolley 157 (Fig. 23) is characterized in that each is equipped with a feeder or a container for transporting root crops, bulk cargoes, earth mixes, composts, when using the ring conveyor as a vehicle or dispenser (Fig. 46), equipped with sensors for individual dosing of components 183 (Fig. 26; Figs. 31, 32), grouped into a sensor of modes 182 of the truck conveyor and equipped with contact devices in the form of a number sensor 226 (Fig. 43) for interaction with elements of equipment of the control system the flow line of the block, consisting of a mechanism 170 (Fig.24) switching the operating modes of the trolley conveyor, including a column 223 (Fig.39) stepwise with combs of type-setting dies 224 and electromagnetic elements 225, a contactor 228 with a number sensor 226 (Fig.43) ) on each trolley, as well as a leash 204 (Fig.33; Fig.37, 44) to rotate the trolley 360 ° around the axis in the unloading device (Fig.33, 34), which is brought into operation by extension using a spring ( Fig.37) and a retractable copier 229 (Fig.44, 36), but turns off from the operating state p then disconnecting the copier 222 (Fig.38, 36). The copiers are brought into working condition using electromagnetic remote control devices. Limit switches are also installed on the trolleys.

The sensor for individual dosing of components 183 (FIG. 26; FIGS. 31, 32) is a unified device that consists of a housing 187, in the lower part of which there are coaxial shafts 189 with cams 190 fixed on them and handles 188 for manually dialing the required number teeth in the comb or drives 188A, receiving an impulse from the automation system, and in the upper part there are cells for movable teeth 185 of the set comb 184, which in the lower part are equipped with a contact device with a spring pressing the teeth to the cam.

The number of dies in the sensor should correspond to the number of bins 162 (Fig. 24) for solid components plus the number of tanks 165 (Fig. 24) for liquid additives, plus an individual mixer 166 (Fig. 24). Each comb reflects the quality characteristic of the component.

The number of teeth in the comb determines the angle of rotation of the drive gear 168 (Fig.26) of the standardized dispenser 167, and therefore, the amount of the corresponding component of the mixture.

Since each trolley is assigned to a certain type of animal (or group), which can have a different feeding regimen (one-, two-, three-, four-, five-time), and each feeding has a different diet, individual dosing sensors are assembled and fixed on a multifaceted rotor - sensor modes 182 (Fig) of the operation of the truck conveyor.

The mode sensor consists of standardized frame elements, the number of faces of which should equal the number of feedings of the animal plus one zero mode, i.e. a mode in which the component does not feed into the feeder or container. The frame is mounted on a shaft rotating in bearings mounted on vertical rails 180 (Fig. 26) in a strictly defined place for each polyhedron, characterized by the size between the axis of the rotor shaft and the axis of the drive gear shaft 168 (Fig. 26) of the unified dosing device 167. The shaft of each rotor-polyhedron ends on the outside of the truck with a protruding part, on the end of which a gear 181 is fastened (Fig. 26) for fastening with a corresponding gear comb drawn from movable dies 224 (Figs. 40, 41, 42), the desired angle of rotation of the rotor using an electromagnetic drive 225 (Fig.33) or manually. The combs with dies and drives are arranged in a rotor control column 223 (Fig. 39) with steps, each of which corresponds to a specific mode of operation of the trolley conveyor and, accordingly, a multifaceted rotor with sensors for individual dosing of components using a universal dispenser 167. The length of the protruding part of the shaft of each polyhedral rotor should ensure engagement of the gear 181 with the corresponding comb of the stepped column 223 (Fig. 39).

The universal dispenser 167 (Fig. 27) of the individual preparation of feed and cleaning feeders section, mounted on the feed hoppers 162 (Fig. 24), has a rotor 191 (Fig. 25) with cells, the walls of which are formed from trapezoidal blades, and the body dispenser - the shape of a truncated cone with a transitional upper section, equipped with a curtain 192 moving along the axis of the rotor (Fig. 30), made with diaphragms 201 converging and diverging due to the springs, by means of a drive control mechanism consisting of a rod 193, a traverse 194, driven in moving with two screws 195 with nuts 196, a drive 197 with a steering wheel 198 and a scale 199. The drive control mechanism is connected to a mechanism 202 for moving the rear wall of the hopper to eliminate stagnant zones, providing the desired predetermined volume of dosed material due to a given angle of rotation of the rotor driven by the drive gear 168 (Figs. 26, 29) mounted on the longitudinal axis of the rotor drive in accordance with the comb of the individual metering sensor 183, with the required number of teeth to be set, which is installed on those lying and moves along with it along the guides.

The unloading unit 161 (Fig. 24; Figs. 33, 34) consists of: a cylindrical body 203 with a screw guide groove 211 and upper holding guides; receiving hopper with feeder 160; fan 210; cyclone 209; devices for creating an air curtain at the ends 207; air supply and exhaust systems with nozzles 206 for mechanical cleaning of trolleys and, if necessary, for heat and sanitary treatment of the latter - heater 75 (Fig. 12).

An individual mixer (Fig. 35) consists of a housing 212 with guides 213 for vertical movement of an electric motor 214 with nozzles 216 for mixing the contents of the containers of the bogies and the lowering and lifting mechanism of the nozzles, consisting of a system of levers 217, an electromagnetic actuator 218 with a system of pulses received from drive gear 220 of a comb sensor for individual metering of components.

The stationary harvester (Figs. 58-64), ensuring the flow of the process, is equipped with an elevator device 283 with a hopper cabin 284 on the rollers of the upper 286 and lower 287 and a mechanism 290 for securing and lifting the container using the drive and traverse 288 with guides 289 for further horizontal movement of the cabin with the pusher 291 into the tipper 293, equipped with a drive and guides 294, for the subsequent movement of the cabin after turning 180 ° and releasing the container from the contents for the cleaning and sanitization operation processing the container, followed by returning the cab to the tipper, and then after turning the tipper 180 °, returning the cab to the guiding traverses, lowering it and then moving the container to the loading operation from tank 304 with a cultivator 305, freed from the screen 299 from root crops and contaminants, soil mixture with fertilizers introduced into it, coming from hopper 310 by feeder 311 to capacity 304 with a cultivator 305 or to the unit 312 of applying soil mixtures of composts and fertilizers, which consists of feeder trays and inertial type, where the necessary portion of fertilizer enters from the hopper 309 with the help of a dispensing distributor 316, equipped with the number of distribution leaks equal to the number of feeder trays (Fig. 61), and controlled by opening the necessary estrus holes with a gate covering the holes of the other leaks, and, accordingly , opening access to the supply of fertilizer to the feeder tray attached to this fertilizer, and therefore to the hopper 313, equipped with a dispenser 314, and openers 315, installed at a distance from each other, a distinct distance between the rows of the plant being cultivated, and the drive 317 moved in the vertical plane with the fertilizer dose adjustment by the metering mechanism 318, which is adjusted to a certain number of dispenser turns using a conical (step) roller 319 (Figs. 63, 64), and the root crop is separated from the soil mixture in a screen sifter enters the distribution tray 301 (Fig. 59) and is fed to sorting 320, equipped with hoppers 321 with universal dispensers and mounted above the line for transporting and distributing the crop .

The unit for planting potatoes and sowing vegetables 363 (Fig. 47; Figs. 65-71) is stationary, having a frame with bins 332 (Figs. 65-71) for seeds, equipped with mechanized gates 333, guides 254 (Fig. 47) for moving containers 275 (Fig. 49), guides for vertical movement of the sowing unit (Fig. 67), consisting of an upper copy plate 342 (Fig. 67) with nests 343 for seeds, a lower copy plate - a gate 344, standardized stacking frames 353 - fixed upper and mobile lower with fixed on a fixed - unified opener screw type with screw guides 349, along which the nut 351 moves, rotating in the bearing of the movable lower frame 353, moving in the vertical direction with the help of the actuator 350 (Fig. 65) and rotating the coulter lead 352 around its axis, at the lower end of which a cone-shaped petal shutter 354 with ribs 355 is installed, which opens when the coulter reaches the specified sowing depth, which is achieved using the lever mechanism to limit the vertical movement of the coulters and consisting of ribs 358 r we, installed on a scale of 359, and levers 357 on the body, equipped with a cone 356 in the lower part, and the seeds are fed to the copying board 342 and removed using a distributor - a seed collector, consisting of a feed hopper 334, a mechanized shutter 336, an elevator 341 mounted on a frame 335 with rollers moving along the guides and using a transborder trolley (Figs. 65, 67) are installed in the technology section for planting a particular plant, and the number of sections is determined by the method of planting and planting stenii and the size of the seeds, affecting the cutting of the copy board.

Miniteplitz (Figs. 49-52) - movable on rollers along the guides, consists of a container 275 mounted on a frame that acts as an air box 274 with a valve and docking devices 273 at the ends, and equipped with double walls (Figs. 49-51) the entire surface of the container, which is closed from above by a translucent hood 276 with double walls, an injection valve and sealing devices.

The stationary construction and technological section (Fig. 1) consists of technological sections of lines inherent in this construction section, sets of technological equipment, units and parts for docking with technological elements and utilities, sections to be joined, and panels of building structures are equipped with embedded parts, units, and fasteners devices and communication elements inherent in this section, if possible installed in the factory.

Thus, the proposed construction and technological design of the conveyor, being a single layout construction and technological scheme of a block-integral-sectional type and possessing versatility, industry and unification of technological solutions, provides: an increase in labor productivity at the design, production preparation, manufacturing, construction and installation stages complex based on industrial design; the speed of its development, reorganization and transformation, as well as an increase in labor productivity during operation due to industrial complex mechanization and automation of technological processes based on in-line technology throughout the closed cycle, which, in turn, increase the productivity of livestock and crop production by improving the quality of feeding based on balanced diets and creating optimal conditions for plant growth; improving product quality through the integrated use and processing of our own raw materials in our own processing industry, as well as the maximum use of secondary and natural energy resources and production waste, which ultimately increases the efficiency and competitiveness of production in a market economy.

The level of quality of work of workers is also being improved by completely eliminating heavy manual labor while increasing the level of intellectual labor on the basis of a scientific approach to the operation of industrial production and the creation of conditions for computerizing its management; combined with the use of the simplest, due to the conditions of production reliability, its automation system, based on an electromechanical scheme. Increasing the degree of intellectual work and the use of computer technology makes labor more attractive for young people and requires an increase in the educational level. The maximum merger of industrial commodity production with a personal subsidiary farm due to the mixed sections included in the animal housing block, based on the versatility of the distribution and preparation of feed lines, as well as the use of a greenhouse for the automated cultivation of personal consumption plants, frees up the time spent on this in the subsidiary farm, thereby facilitating peasant labor, improving the social conditions of life.

In addition, the creation of a single universal, integrated small agricultural enterprise based on a conveyor system of a block-integrated-sectional construction provides the prerequisites for organizing a small-scale agricultural industry of a corporate type based on a well-defined list of necessary equipment, as well as new approaches to designing agricultural production with maximum use computer technology, and also allows you to focus research on quality Indicators of, and academia - to small agricultural and processing industries.

An approximate structure of the complex based on the block-integral-sectional design is presented in Appendix 1 to this section.

Indicative technical and economic indicators for the complex

Arable land - 20-30 hectares,

including the area of the complex - 0.8-1 ha.

Number of employees - 4 people

including:

manager-agronomist-machine mechanic - 1 person .;

driver-mechanic-procurer of meat products - 1 person;

zoo engineer-agronomist-production operator - 1 person;

milkmaid-livestock-procurer of milk-products and crop products - 1 person.

Productivity

cereals - 40-60 kg / ha;

perennial herbs - 50-80 kg / ha;

seeds - 5-6 c / ha;

potatoes in closed ground -10-15 kg / m ² (1000-1500 kg / ha);

fodder root crops in closed ground - 24-30 kg / m ² (2400-3000 kg / ha).

Productivity;

milk yield - 7-10 tons / year per cow;

daily gain of young cattle - 1000-1200 g;

pigs - 750-850 g;

sheep - 220-250 g.

List of drawings

Figure 1. The layout scheme and the approximate structure of the zoo-agro-processing mini-factory of a block-integral-sectional design.

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the conveyor system of a universal block-integral-sectional zoo-agro-processing (KSU-BIS).

Figure 3. Section AA of the storage tank.

Figure 4. Section 1-1 of the storage tank.

Figure 5. View A on the drive mechanism for raising and lowering the valves of the radial partitions.

6. Node I - valve lift drive circuit.

7. Node II - scheme of the rotating bottom of the upper hopper.

Fig. 8. View B on the docking device of the upper half-bin.

Fig.9. GG - cross-section of the docking device of the half bottoms of the upper half-bin.

Figure 10. Node III seals the joints of panels and tanks.

11. Section 2-2 - sealing valves of mobile vertical partitions and the inner C-shaped wall of the tank.

Fig. 12. The longitudinal section BB of the mobile section is a warehouse harvester.

Fig.13. Section 1-1 of the warehouse harvester.

Fig.14. Section 2-2 of the combine.

Fig.15. Section 3-3 combine.

Fig.16. Node II of the docking and driving devices of the mobile section with the column of the tank.

Fig.17. Section 4-4 - node drive device.

Fig. 18. Schematic diagram of the drive mechanisms of the combine warehouse and other sections.

Fig.19. Schematic diagram of the drive of the locking bodies of the combine warehouse and other sections.

Fig.20. Warehouse expansion scheme with mobile sections.

Fig.21. Section 2-2 - scheme of the mobile section - transverse conveyor.

Fig.22. Section 1-1 is a diagram of the docking of mobile sections - a longitudinal conveyor.

Fig.23. Section B-B. The layout of the mobile section is a transverse conveyor, a mobile transport unloading section and an individual cooking section, feed distribution and cleaning feeders.

Fig.24. Section 1-1 of the layout.

Fig.25. Section DD-section of individual cooking, distribution of feed and cleaning feeders.

Fig.26. View along arrow A on the hopper of the section with a universal dispenser and on the rotor-sensor of the modes with sensors for individual dosing.

Fig.27. View according to B on the mode sensor (option).

Fig.28. View in B on the mechanism of regulation of a universal dispenser. Facade and plan.

Fig.29. Node I gearbox with control drive gear of a universal dispenser.

Fig.30. Section 1-1 curtains regulate the volume of the dispenser. Section 2-2 curtains.

Fig.31. View along arrow G on the individual metering sensor with a cut.

Fig. 32. Section 1-1 of the individual metering sensor.

Fig. 33. Section EE. Unloading unit.

Fig. 34. Type A to the unloading unit.

Fig. 35. View B. The scheme of the drive of an individual mixer.

Fig. 36. Schematic diagram of an automated universal production line of a block for keeping animals.

Fig.37. Lead for capsizing the cart in the unloading device (diagram).

Fig. 38. Copier disconnect leash. View A.

Fig. 39. Column step with combs (diagram).

Fig.40. Die with teeth and drive (diagram).

Fig. 41. Dies with teeth and drive (option) (diagram).

Fig. 42. A set of dies with teeth and a drive (option) (diagram).

Fig. 43. Contactor with limit switch on the trolley (circuit).

Fig.44. Stopper of a lead with a copier (diagram).

Fig.45. Section 1-1 of the lead with a view of the copier with the drive (diagram).

Fig. 46. Dosing section of the components of the block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures (diagram).

Fig.47. Plan of a greenhouse with closed block lines and vegetative lines.

Fig. 48. Longitudinal section 1-1 of the planting, care and harvesting line (diagram).

Fig. 49. Section AA. Miniteplitz mobile container with a translucent cap and double walls.

Fig. 50. Plan miniteplitsy.

Fig. 51. Section 1-1 miniteplitsa.

Fig. 52. Node A. Seal of container connector and hood.

Fig. 53. Section BB. Cross section of a greenhouse. Plant vegetation line in mobile mini-greenhouses.

Fig. 54. View A of the air line system.

Fig. 55. Section 1-1 of the picking mechanism of the vegetative line.

Fig. 56. Section 2-2 of the air vent mechanism from the line.

Fig. 57. Node B of the mechanism for connecting and disconnecting air ducts.

Fig.58. Section BB. Stationary harvester of root crops.

Fig.59. Section 1-1. Also.

Fig. 60. Section 2-2. Also.

Fig. 61. Section 3-3. Also.

Fig. 62. Section 4-4 of the hopper for fertilizers and soil mixtures.

Fig. 63. Driving scheme for fertilizer and soil metering batchers.

Fig. 64. Fertilizer metering drive scheme. Node A.

Fig. 65. Section B-B of the unit for planting potatoes and sowing vegetables.

Fig.66. Section 1-1. Also.

Fig. 67. Section 2-2. Also.

Fig. 68. Section 3-3 openers.

Fig. 69. Node B. Scheme of installation of a petal shutter.

Fig. 70. View A on the frame with the support plates of the seed pipe.

Fig. 71. Section 4-4 of the installation of seed pipes with openers.

Block - a set of sections or one section bounded by end walls (solid partitions) and equipped with technological openings and passages.

The conveyor system universal block-integral-sectional zoo-agro-processing (Fig. 2) is a combination of specialized conveyors - zooconveyor, agro conveyor and processing conveyor, each of which consists of functional production lines assembled at the construction site from the corresponding construction-technological sections, forming the specialized blocks that make up the industrial production - livestock, crop, processing and auxiliary efficient, combined among themselves technologically, constructively and organizationally into a single production complex with the ability to rapidly expand, reduce and transform, depending on market conditions.

KSU-BIS includes the following production lines:

in livestock production - zoom conveyor:

- automated universal production line of the feed block - see figure 2, item 1 (hereinafter 1; 2; ...);

- automated universal production line 2 blocks of animal welfare;

- automated line 3 of manure removal;

in crop production - agricultural conveyor:

in-house

- automated universal production line of 4 blocks of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures;

- automated production line 5 for transportation and distribution of the crop of the closed block of the greenhouse;

- container vegetation conveyor, which includes: automated production line 6 planting, care and harvesting, the closed block of the greenhouse; automated production line 7 of plant vegetation in mobile mini-greenhouses of an open greenhouse block or in mobile containers of closed greenhouses;

non-manufacturing

- a block of machine-transport and repair support (Fig. 1) with a set of agricultural and transport machines and equipment for repair and their maintenance;

in the processing industry - the processing conveyor:

- A general section conveyor of the 8th unit for processing livestock products;

- a general-section conveyor 9 of the processing unit of crop products with intra-sectional functional production lines 10.

in the block “central transport and communication corridor”:

- Central conveyor of food products 11;

- the central conveyor of fertilizers, composts, soil mixtures and seeds treated for planting 12 with a conveyor for production waste;

- a set of engineering and technological communications with docking nodes and other details;

in auxiliary production:

- sets of heat and power supply equipment for the heat and power supply unit;

- sets of equipment blocks sanitary-technical material and industrial support;

- A set of production management equipment and information systems.

The automated universal feed line of the aft block (hereinafter referred to as the KB line) is a complex of stationary and mobile devices, consisting of a set of closed containers located in two rows of polygonal (cylindrical) containers - storages 13 (Figs. 2-9) of unified panels insulated with an air box 14 (FIG. 10) of factory manufacture, with a conical or domed top cover 15 (FIG. 3), a C-shaped bottom 16, supported by a base 17 and equipped inside with a central column 18 on which the top is mounted e, as well as an internal C-shaped wall 19, forming a free cavity 20, the lower part of which is located at the mark of the warehouse site and has a hard coating with a guiding device and a limiter 21. The part of the C-shaped wall facing the inside of the tank is provided with guides 22 for movement and fixing in a predetermined design position of the internal partitions 23, mounted on the other hand on the upper and lower guides 24 of the inner part of the outer wall of the tank. Internal partitions form cells with varying design volumes for storing the corresponding components — in the feed unit — of feed. The inner partition 19 from the bottom departs from the bottom of the tank, forming an opening 25 for the unloading device, which is blocked mainly in the compartments for storing and harvesting succulent feed (silo) by gates 26, using a drive device 27 with a rotation mechanism, and in the upper part of the cell equipped with sealing, moving in the vertical direction with unified gratings 28 with an area varying in the shape of the compartment and having a film or other type of airtight coating for the silo compartment, loading windows 29 and The onion device 30 in contact with the hydraulic cylinder 31, which is mounted on the loading device of the loading and unloading section and the warehouse processor, serves to seal the contents in the compartment.

The internal cavity 20 is blocked by a partition 32, which is installed in a horizontal position when the container performs the function of a storage and is blocked by a movable insulated panel 33 (Fig. 4). The partition 32 creates a closed volume in the lower part of the free cavity to provide a difference in the pressure of the medium in the volume of the tank and the closed volume, which makes it possible to create a circulation of the medium, which is a mixture of air and carbon dioxide, and to improve the storage quality of feed components. All containers are interconnected by boxes for the supply and removal of carbon dioxide-air mixture and its further use in the greenhouse. When the storehouse performs the function of the working capacity and its loading and unloading is carried out, the movable panel 33 is pushed back, raising the horizontal partition to a vertical position, and the loading and unloading section 34 or the combine harvester 35 are being moved onto the free cavity with the help of the guides 21 (Fig. .12-15) mobile. Both mobile sections, as a rule, work in tandem with the purpose of providing a reserve, are independent devices completely factory-made, consisting of two parts - upper and lower - for ease of transportation to the production site, where they are assembled into unified interchangeable units in terms of loading and unloading works. One section differs from another by the number of functions performed, and therefore by the process equipment additionally installed inside the section.

The “feed storage-feed preparation” section and the component loading and unloading section consist of a housing inside which are located: a component loading device, a component and mixture unloading device, an operating mechanism drive mechanism, and locking device control mechanism.

The “warehouse harvester” section is additionally equipped with devices for the technological processing of components and mixtures and their preparation, depending on the nature of the components and mixtures (feed mixtures, fertilizer mixtures, soil mixtures) and the purpose of the combine, which determines the universality of the design and its unification, and divides the combines into feed preparation and mixture preparation .

All units and equipment of both sections are arranged according to the principle of ensuring the accuracy of technological operations and their automation.

The housing includes: a frame 36 with a running gear and guide rollers 37, a frame 38 with insulated enclosing panels 39 fixed to it in a part that extends beyond the tank.

The component loading device includes: a loading conveyor 40, a receiving hopper 41, a dispensing hopper 42, consisting of two parts - half-bins with docking devices. One half of the hopper is fixed on the column of the tank, and the other on the C-shaped column of the section, wrapping the column of the tank. Both halves of the hopper are equipped with annular half bottoms 43 (Fig. 16, 17), one of which has an opening 44 above the estrus of the conveyor distributor 45, which, rotating around the central axis, rotates the guide half in the guides, which, in turn, forces the butt device to rotate the driven half plate until the conveyor distributor stops above the corresponding cell in the tank. The conveyor-distributor is equipped with gates 46 in the lower part for uniform loading of cells and distribution of components among the bins of the component processing device. The rotation of the conveyor distributor is carried out by a leash 47 connected to the drive mechanism. The engine 48 drives the chains with scrapers of the conveyor itself. The conveyor is moved using rollers 49 and guides internal and external, equipped with docking devices.

The dispensing hopper is equipped with a scraper 50, rotating with a leash 51, feeding components to the opening of the dispensing conveyor.

The device for unloading components or mixtures includes: an unloading conveyor 52, equipped with a receiving device 53, an unloading hopper 54, consisting of two half-bins with docking devices 55. One of the half-bins is fixed by the outer surface on the bottom of the tank, and the inner, forming an annular tank on the column of the tank, the second half-bin is fixed with an inner wall on the C-shaped column of the combine, and an outer wall on its frame, thereby forming semi-ring bottoms with docking devices. The bottom of the harvester has an opening 56 above the conveyor receiving device, over which a scraper 57 rotates, driven by a leash 58, rotating in an inner annular sealed slot 59.

The unloading conveyor has in the middle upper part of the body two receiving windows with chutes and gates. The chute with a gate 60 is intended for technologically processed components and mixtures, and the chute with a gate 61 is for reloading components from one conveyor to another. The head part of the unloading conveyor is equipped with an unloading chute 62 with a valve and a reloading chute 63 to the receiving device of the unloading conveyor 64 with gates.

To unload components from the cells of the tank, the harvester is equipped with a discharge unit 65, driven by a lead 66 from a drive mechanism operating from an electric motor 67.

The device for technological processing of components is an independent unit of factory-assembled equipment that can be installed both in the factory and at the installation site and equipped with a set of additional components and parts depending on the purpose of the combine. The unit can be installed in the unloading and unloading section of the components, giving it the functions of a warehouse harvester.

The technological unit includes: a crusher 68 for concentrated feed, a crusher 69 for grinding succulent and coarse fodder, a fan 70, a steamer-mixer with an unloading auger acting as a dryer, 71, a cyclone 72, hoppers 73 with gates 74, and also a remote (from the block ) equipment and components: steam generator 75, bins 76 with gates 77 and feeder 78, bunker 79 with gate and estrus loading conveyor.

A warehouse combine for preparing mixtures of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures is equipped with a technological unit, including crushers and a mixture preparation drum, corresponding to the processed components without steaming equipment.

The drive device of the working bodies includes two types of mechanisms: the rotation mechanism of the working bodies (Fig. 18) and the linear action mechanism (Fig. 19), each made in the form of a single gearbox placed in a convenient maintenance zone.

The mechanism of rotation of the working bodies plays the role of a drive and a control system for them and includes: drive 80 of the distributor conveyor, drive 81 of the upper hopper scraper, drive 82 of the unloading unit and drive 83 of the lower hopper scraper, both of the loading and unloading section and of the warehouse combine, being unified nodes including: C-shaped disk 84 fixedly mounted on the C-shaped column 85 of the movable section and creating a larger girth angle, the C-shaped worm wheel 86 rotating on the C-shaped disk 84 with two worms 87, providing continuity of engagement with the C-shaped worm wheel driven by a gearbox 88 with two output shafts and an input shaft driven by a cardan shaft 89 connected to the corresponding output shaft of the gearbox 90, which, in turn, receives the necessary power from a common (group, individual) electric motor 91, or a backup tractor power take-off shaft, or an internal combustion engine through a gearbox 92 connected simultaneously to a backup generator current G, providing power supply to the control system of the complex.

The remote control system of the working bodies is provided by electromagnetic couplings 93 from a central or individual control points, which perform the function of an actuator in an automated and manual control system. All couplings are arranged in a single unit - the gearbox, which is accessible for operation and provides a compact, systematic, unified drive design.

The linear action mechanism (Fig. 19) and the control of locking elements (gates, valves) is built on the principle of a rotation mechanism with a single gearbox 94, where the mechanism of translational movement of the electromagnetic action 95, connected to each locking body by rods 96 and the system, is used as an actuator levers 97 or other drive elements.

Mobile sections, both loading and unloading, and a warehouse harvester, are equipped at the places where the working bodies are docked with other sections - self-aligning docking devices - 98, connected to power transmission mechanisms 99 from a single engine D (Fig. 18).

The mobile section — the transverse conveyor 100 (FIGS. 20, 22, 24) —is a scraper conveyor with parallel chains with scrapers and bottoms, consisting of an upper branch 101 (FIG. 14) and a lower 102 connected to each other by transported material by estrus 103, equipped with gates 104 and 105 in the upper branch, as well as a central gate 106 and upper receiving trays 107 and 108 connected by flexible chutes, issuing components from the warehouse processor and loading and unloading sections.

The lower branch of the conveyor is equipped with a central gate 109, trays - 110 side, receiving cargo from the unloading section of the transport, and tray 111 - from the longitudinal conveyors.

All equipment is mounted on a frame mounted on a frame 112, equipped with a running gear 113 and guide rollers 114, designed to ensure the accuracy of the docking of the movable sections with each other or with stationary docking nodes. An insulated casing is fixed on the frame, provided with upper and lower parts with windows 115 for joining the longitudinal conveyor and openings 116 for the leakages of the transport unloading section. The openings and windows are equipped with seals to create and ensure a positive temperature inside the section with the help of the supplied air in the winter.

The drive sprockets 117 rotate from the system of driveshafts connected to the drives of the warehouse harvester and the loading and unloading section, which transmit the necessary power to the docking devices with the section - a longitudinal conveyor. To connect the transverse conveyor with other receiving and dispensing devices, in addition to the main ones (warehouse combine and conveyor loading and unloading section), it is equipped with protruding end parts 118, which can be both stationary and folding, to reduce dimensions when moving the section. Cross conveyors can be equipped with elevators, if necessary, transferring cargo from the lower to the upper branch. In cases where they do not work complete with a warehouse combine or loading and unloading section.

The warehouse is equipped with one transverse conveyor with the number of storage tanks not more than two located in the same row along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the warehouse. When the number of rows of storage tanks is more than one warehouse, the line of the aft block is equipped with an additional transverse mobile conveyor 119 (Fig. 21), paired with the transport unloading section, and is also equipped with a mobile longitudinal conveyor, the number of which is determined by the formula

To _RT = R-1 pc.,

where P is the number of rows of storage tanks along the longitudinal axis of the warehouse.

The mobile section — the longitudinal conveyor 120 (FIG. 23) —is a scraper conveyor with two parallel chains with scrapers and bottoms of the upper 121 and lower 122 branches with end docking nodes at one end — the upper distributing branch and the lower receiving branch, and the lower one at the other end distributing and upper receiving branches. The upper branch is equipped with gates 123 for the ability to set the required number of bins 124 with lower gates 125. In the absence of bins, the gate openings are closed with plugs.

The movable section has a frame 126 with running gears 127 and guide rollers 128, a frame with insulated panels forming a closed, air-heated volume.

The drive sprockets 129 receive power from the drive docking devices using a system of cardan shafts from a single engine of the section retracted into the tank or from an individual transverse conveyor engine, depending on the kinematic scheme. Longitudinal conveyors equipped with hoppers are equipped with a gate control system using a gearbox and a lever system according to a similar scheme for a warehouse combine.

For more accurate docking of the mobile sections within the warehouse, the latter is equipped with a guide system consisting of a central branch 130, branches of storage 131, branches of the transverse conveyor 132, which is connected to the combine storage and other sections. The warehouse is also equipped with branches of guides 133 for longitudinal conveyors, the number of which should correspond to the number of the latter. All branches of the guides are provided with translated arrows 134.

To move the mobile sections, the warehouse is equipped with a system of stationary rollers 135 for the cross over cable, fixed at one end to a winch installed in the mobile section of unloading transport, and the other portable end to the movable section, including the section of unloading transport.

The mobile transport unloading section with a feeder 140 (Fig. 23, 24) has a frame 141 with a running gear 142 and guide rollers 143, a frame 144 with lightweight insulated enclosing panels fixed on it, creating a closed heated space with air, in which a hopper with a hinged rear is placed insulated wall 145, which acts as a tray, receiving the contents of the unloaded transport, and in the closed state - the role of part of the rear wall of the section. The insulated hopper in the lower part is equipped with a feeder 146 supplying the unloaded component to the feeder head, equipped with a receiving beater 147, a rotary sector 148, in which grinding drums 149 with a drive mechanism and layer-regulating shafts 150 with layer 151 regulators are secured. Sectors (right and left ) have the ability to rotate with a manual or mechanical drive through an angle, providing a change in the layer regulator and grinding drums, depending on the component arriving at the feeder - requiring grinding and and no, which makes installation versatility. The feeder is also equipped with a stone trap 152, a trolley 153 and a docking chute 154 for docking with a transverse conveyor.

The automated universal production line of the animal keeping unit 155 (Figs. 23, 24, 36) is intended for individual preparation and distribution of balanced diets for animals kept in individual stalls, regardless of the type of animal and nature of the content, and group balanced diets for animals kept in groups, regardless of the type of group and the nature of the content, as well as cleaning the feeders. The line includes: guides 156 along which the lungs move, from tubular material or another profile, unified trolleys 157, connected to each other by special couplings 158, which have two degrees of freedom in the horizontal plane (longitudinal along the axis and transverse rotary) and consisting of two halves able to rotate relative to one another (Fig. 21), forming a train of carts, the number of which is equal to the number of stalls, unified by the width of the stall (1 m) or a multiple of this module size when the group content is alive from A typical feeder or other container is fixed on the trolley when using the production line for a different purpose than the feed distribution.

The line consists of 3 sections: sections for individual preparation of feed and cleaning of feeders, an intermediate section and a section of a block for keeping animals.

The section for individual preparation of feeds and cleaning of feeders includes: a longitudinal scraper conveyor 159 with parallel branches of the upper and lower; feeder 160; unloading unit 161, designed to clean the feeders from residual feed and disinfect them with a stream of air or steam before filling them. The section is equipped with unified bins 162, customizable for well-defined feed components or their mixtures, supplied by the upper branch of the conveyor, equipped with appropriate gates 163. The conveyor is equipped with end devices that are joined on one side with the cross conveyor, and on the other with the hopper and the conveyor of the central corridor. In addition to the bins in the section are placed tanks 165 for liquid components, as well as an individual mixer 166.

All containers for solid components are equipped with a universal unified dosing device 167, drive gear 168 of the dosing device, guides 169 and a mechanism for switching dosing modes 170.

The trolley 157 is a rigid structure of a horizontal frame 171 with rollers 172 fixed on it, moving along the outer and inner rails 173 using a chain drive 174 (or another drive), mounted on the trolley with a lock 175 (Fig. 26), which can lock the chain on the trolley and separate it with the design effort. The circuit is driven in a closed loop by drive devices 176 (FIG. 23) equipped with remote control devices.

One of the options for moving a trolley train, in addition to a chain transmission, can be a trolley with an individual drive, acting as a locomotive.

The feeder 177 (Fig. 25) (or other container) corresponding to a particular animal contained in this stall is numbered together with the stall and animal with the same number and must strictly correspond to the width of the stall along the length.

A distinctive feature of the trolley is the presence of a vertical wall 178 (Figs. 25-30), which is a frame structure rigidly connected to the horizontal frame by braces 179 and equipped with vertical guides 180, for mounting and vertical adjustment of the height of bearings and gears 181, mode sensor 182 representing a set of the required number of sensors (K) for individual dosing of components 183, depending on the number of feeds (N) per day of an animal plus one sensor zero th regime K = N + 1. The individual metering sensor is fixed on the basis of the mode sensor, which is connected with a spoke or a disk to the hub and rotor shaft, which rotates in bearings and forms a polyhedron.

An individual component metering sensor (FIGS. 31, 32) represents a set of rows of parallel-mounted combs 184 with the required number of teeth 185 to be placed in cells 186 of the housing 187 using the handles 188 with a manual version of issuing a task for dispensing one or another component to create a balanced mixture feed or other components using a computer based calculation system depending on the physico-biological data of a particular animal. In the case of the automatic set of the number of teeth, instead of the handles, a mechanism 188A is installed, receiving a pulse from a remote control point or from sensors characterizing the physico-biological parameters of the particular animal for which this trolley with feeder is intended. With the automatic sensor adjustment option, the trolley is equipped with a contact device connected to a contactor mounted on stationary line elements at each automated stall.

Each handle (or mechanized drive) is mounted on coaxial shafts 189, on which cams 190 are fixed, engaged with a corresponding group of teeth.

The position of each handle mounted on the corresponding roller gives a set of the required number of teeth of each row of rollers, forming a comb. Each comb is assigned to a well-defined hopper filled with a component with a well-defined volumetric weight. A comb with a number of teeth is engaged with gearbox gear 168. The gear is mounted using a slot on the roller and the handle on any comb, and the gear shaft is connected to the metering shaft by means of a coupling with a metering shaft containing a housing with a cell rotor 191 placed inside, in the axial part of which a vibrator is placed, and characterized in that the rotor blades are shaped trapezoid, and the body - the shape of a truncated cone to more accurately adjust it to a wider range of volumetric weights, as well as to unify the dispenser and use it for a wide range of components using the curtain regulator 192 associated with m the mechanism for moving the curtain, including the stem 193, the yoke 194, driven by two screws 195 with nuts 196, mounted on the body of the volume control components and the drive 197 with the steering wheel 198 and a scale 199. The screws are equipped with pointers and a scale 200, indicating the amount of movement of the curtain along longitudinal axis of the dispenser. The curtain is made with diaphragms 201 converging and diverging due to the springs.

The mechanism for moving the curtains is connected with the mechanism 202 for moving the rear wall of the hopper, which prevents the formation of stagnant zones in it.

The line of the block for keeping animals is equipped with a unloading unit 161, designed for cleaning feeders and their disinfection, as well as for unloading other components contained in the containers of the cart in case of using the line for a different purpose.

The unloading unit consists of: a cylindrical body 203 (Figs. 33, 34), the inner diameter of which corresponds to the maximum size of the cart with installed capacity and other equipment, and the longitudinal axis coincides with the longitudinal axis (along the direction of the cart), around which it can freely to rotate or not to rotate during the movement of the trolley train due to the traction chain acting on the back of the moving trolleys when the train enters the body of the unloading unit (in principle, push it) and to the front trolleys when leaving the loading unit (by the principle of pulling), provided that the traction chain at the entrance of the trolley to the chassis of the RA is separated from the trolley by means of a lock 175, it envelops the chassis and engages with the lock of the trolley at the exit of the chassis of the RA, thereby allowing rotation or move the trolley in a straight line inside the casing using a leash 204, which enters (during rotation) into the screw groove 205 of the casing. The leash and guide screw groove act as an actuator when rotating a 360 ° trolley with a container that is unloaded and cleaned of contents using air (steam) nozzles 206, which provide mechanical and / or thermal cleaning of the feeders.

Automatic inclusion of nozzles is accompanied by an air curtain 207 from the ends of the housing. The air system is equipped with an exhaust device 208, a cyclone 209 and a fan 210. When heating the air, a heater is installed.

The unloaded contents from the container enters the hopper with a feeder 160. To keep the trolley in an overturned state, the casing is equipped with upper rails 211. The number of trolleys must be one more than is placed along the length of the casing.

An individual mixer 166 (Fig. 35) is designed to mix the contents of the capacity of each trolley and consists of a housing 212 with vertical guides 213 for an electric motor 214 with a nozzle 215 for mixers 216. The electric motor moves along the guides from the upper to the lowermost position using a lever system 217 driven by a solenoid 218, receiving an electrical impulse from a relay 219, included from the drive gear 220, rotating from the combs of the individual metering sensor, which includes systems levers and an electric motor to lower the mixers into the tank and to raise them and turn off the electric motor when passing the entire length of the tank.

The set of equipment for the control system for the production line of the animal keeping unit (Fig. 36) includes: a mechanism for switching feeding modes 170 (Fig. 24), a leash 204 (Fig. 37), a limit switch 221 (Fig. 36), sliding (disconnecting) copier 222 (Fig. 38), a step column with combs 223 (Fig. 39), dies 224 (Figs. 40, 41, 42), electromagnetic actuators 225 (Figs. 39-42) with manual backup, number sensor 226 ( Fig. 43) with a pin 227, a contactor 228 and a retractable copier 229 (Fig. 44, 45). All bins are equipped with upper and lower level sensors (OIL - 1-n) (DUN - 1-n), as well as the gates of the conveyor branches (W - 1-n).

The manure collection line is based on the TSN-2 scraper conveyor [13], taking into account the coverage of the run for animals from the keeping unit to the livestock processing unit with the appropriate location of the rotary shoes, the pressing device and the rotary sector, as well as the supply of manure to the storage tank.

The automated universal production line of the block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures (BUKP figure 1) (figure 2, item 4) is intended for preparation, storage, preparation of mixtures of mineral and organic fertilizers, preparation of composts and soil mixtures for use in both open and and in closed ground and consists of unified (typical) stationary and mobile sections of the feed block with some changes in the part of the equipment used, mainly related to the storage section of the combine harvester and the conveyor unloading section one portion and the feed preparation section, and cleaning feeders performing other functions.

The line includes two paired units, one of which consists of a storage tank 230 (FIG. 2) for compost production, with a built-in mobile section - a warehouse combine 231 and storage tank 232 for storage and preparation of earth mixtures with a warehouse combine 233, interconnected by a transverse conveyor 234, and the other from a storage container of compost components 235 with a mobile loading and unloading section 236 and a storage tank of mineral fertilizers 237 with a mobile loading and unloading section 238, connected between battle with the transverse conveyor 239. A longitudinal conveyor 240 is installed between the two transverse conveyors, on the other side of the transverse conveyor 234 a component dosing section 241 is installed, which is identical in design to the section of the feed preparation and cleaning of the feeders, but with the ring cart line 242 closed inside the section (Fig. 46 ), acting as a dispenser of the components of the mixtures. The cross conveyor 239 is connected to the mobile transport unloading section 243. When building, if necessary, the warehouse with additional containers, the warehouse is equipped with an additional section - a transverse conveyor and an appropriate number of sections - a longitudinal conveyor. The container for the preparation of composts is connected through the cross conveyor and the combine with the conveyor of the manure removal lines 244, and the container for the preparation of earth mixtures with a closed block of the greenhouse. The main distinguishing features of the line of the block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures from the line of the feed block are: the absence of vertical partitions in the tank for the production of composts; the lack of parking equipment in the technological unit of warehouse combines, as well as the installation of crushers and a mixer, corresponding to the processed components.

Automated production line for transportation and distribution of the crop 5 (FIGS. 2 and 47) represents a prototype of the line of the block for keeping animals, is placed in a closed block of the greenhouse and differs from the prototype in that the scraper conveyor 246 of the section for preparing feed and cleaning feeders 159 (FIG. 23) lengthened for the purpose of supplying the crop to the bins 247 for exporting the crop and is equipped with a unit 248 for washing vegetables and feeding them from the lower branch to the upper one, as well as an elevator 249 for the same purpose. On the site 250, similar to the section for preparing feed and cleaning the feeders, there is no individual mixer and containers for liquid components, and bins 251 act as sorting devices and intermediate containers.

The number of trolleys with containers is accepted as calculated in accordance with cargo flows, but not less than 4 to ensure their unloading.

The container vegetative conveyor (KVK) is intended for the cultivation of fodder, commercial and for personal consumption of root crops and other plants in mobile mini-greenhouses or containers put into the stream in the form of a closed conveyor using heat from the ventilation systems of industrial and other indoor air, as well as other natural sources, including storm and melt water.

The conveyor includes the following production lines:

An automated production line for planting, care and harvesting 6 (Fig.2 and 47) is connected to the line of transportation and distribution of the crop, as well as to the line of the block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures on the one hand and to the vegetation line of plants in closed ground on the other hand.

The line is located in a closed block of the greenhouse and has two parallel synchronously working branches - the main branch 252 and the branch 253 of washing and sanitizing translucent caps of miniteplitz.

Both branches consist of guides 254, a chain or other transmission 255 with devices for moving mini-rings on rollers along the main branch of containers, and on the other translucent caps, by means of an electric drive 256 and a tension device 257 operating in a pulsating mode at intervals equal to the maximum time, required to handle the container in a given technological operation.

The main line includes the following units and mechanisms:

- a mechanism for removing 258 translucent cap and transmitting it to a parallel branch;

- a green mass mower 259 with a grinder, thresher and a material feed device to a green hopper 260 and a seed hopper 261, equipped with universal dispensers with a conical body and pinion gear similar to dispensers in the feed preparation section;

- stationary combine 262, which is a universal automated unit designed for harvesting root crops, unloading and loading soil mixtures, feeding fertilizers to plants, as well as cleaning and sanitizing containers;

- a planting unit for potatoes 263 with seeders for root crops;

- plants for liquid treatment of plants 264 (watering, spraying, liquid feeding ...);

- cultivators 265;

- a closing mechanism 266 of the container with a translucent cap.

The line is also equipped with auxiliary equipment 267 (containers, dispensers, fittings, etc.) and a chemical laboratory 268.

The cap sanitizing branch is equipped with units 269 for washing, disinfecting and drying them.

The automated production line of plant vegetation in mobile miniteplitz 7 is an integral part of the greenhouse agro-conveyor agro-conveyor, which is the estimated number of parallel vegetative lines 270 drawn from movable miniteplitz 271 on rollers along the guides 272 of the open area equipped with docking devices 273 (Fig. 51) creating with the help of air ducts 274 a single duct along the entire length of the line with discharge and exhaust ducts supplying air flow in a simple anstvo konteyera between the double walls 275 with a perforated bottom and a translucent cover with double walls, the sealing device and the injection valve cap 276.

The picking minitslips in the line are equipped with a transborder trolley with a picking mechanism 277 (Fig. 53), and the understaffing is done with a transborder trolley with a picking mechanism 278, which, in turn, are mechanisms for picking and unpacking a planting, care and harvesting line, only with opposite functions .

The lines are supplied with air by an air supply system 279 with air supply devices and an air exhaust system 280 with air exhaust devices.

The line is equipped with a system 281 of storm water collectors and melt water and their removal for use in nursing planting, as well as a system 282 of power supply and process control.

As an air environment, the heated exhaust air from ventilation systems is used, containing an increased concentration of CO ₂ and brought to the required parameters for each type of plant, in accordance with the requirements of agricultural technology in the air supply system.

The stationary harvester (Fig. 58) is an aggregate mounted on the planting, care and harvesting line, designed to harvest root crops from container-type minitrucks by dumping the container from the substrate by tipping it, separating the substrate from root crops with contamination using screening, sorting of root and tubers from pollution and the size of tubers, cleaning and sanitizing containers with their subsequent loading with a substrate, and also feeding plants fertilizer mixtures.

The harvester is equipped with an elevator shaft 283 with a hopper cabin 284 for installing and securing the container with the substrate and crop on the rails 285, upper rollers 286 and lower 287, for moving the cabin with the container fixed; a traverse 288 with guides 289, a lifting mechanism 290 of a traverse, a pusher 291 for horizontal movement of the cabin equipped with a gripper 292, a tipper 293 with a drive and guides 294, a container cleaning and disinfection chamber 295 with guides 296 and container cleaning and disinfection mechanisms 297 with containers 298 for removing residual soil and disinfectant, as well as a screen sieve 299 to separate the root crops from the substrate, which enters the sieve receiver 300, and the root crops enter the distribution tray 301 and and the sorting unit. The substrate, separated from impurities, enters the tray 302, which acts as a valve-distributor of the substrate, depending on its qualitative state in the composition of nutrients in it in accordance with their optimal ratio, which is practically determined by the number of times the substrate is used for one plant species with subsequent replenishment of nutrients by feeding this type of substrate. With this option, the tray is open and the substrate from the sieve 300 enters the container 304. If it is necessary to regenerate the substrate for one reason or another (changing the plant species for this container or other reasons), the tray 302 closes the container 304 and the substrate received from the sieve 300 is sent for counting reciprocating movements in estrus 303. The tank 304 in the lower part is equipped with a cultivator 305 — a substrate distributor in the container from which it was unloaded and acting as a dispenser due to radial slots in the bottom.

The combine is connected to the fertilizer block with the lower branch 306 of the conveyor, which is loaded with the worked-up elevator 307, sending it to regeneration, and the upper branch 308 (Fig. 48) to feed fertilizers to the hopper 309, and the regenerated substrate into the hopper 310, from where the feeder 311 is sent on the tray, and then on the sieve-receiver with a changed amplitude of oscillations to the reverse or to the soil-fertilizer, compost and fertilizer applicator 312, which consists of inertial feeder trays that are movable in the vertical direction of the cells and hopper 313 with the powder feeder 314 and openers 315 spaced in the transverse direction equal to the distance between the rows of plants that can be used for fertilizing unit feeding during the growing season.

The distribution of fertilizers in the cells is carried out portionwise using a metering unit 316 with a drive. Moving in the vertical direction of each cell is carried out by means of a drive 317. Feeder-dispensers 314 are driven by the movement of the container using the dispensing mechanism 318, which is tuned to a certain number of revolutions of the conical (step) roller 319.

The harvester is also equipped with sorting 320 with bins 321 for fodder root crops, marketable and seed potatoes, mounted above the transport and distribution line of crops and equipped with universal feeders and dosing mechanisms in accordance with the requirements of the cart conveyor.

The unit for planting potatoes and sowing vegetables (Fig. 65; Figs. 47, 48, item 263) is technologically associated with a fertilizer unit of composts and soil mixtures, in which seed is treated and prepared for planting by conveyor 331 and includes a hopper 332 for seed potatoes and the gate 333 of the hopper, feeding seeds with the help of mechanized locks to the feed hopper 334 mounted on the trolley 335 of the sowing device and equipped with a mechanized shutter 336, connected by a lever 337 and rollers 338 with guides 339 - a copier that opens and and closing the hopper chute depending on the functional moving carriage on which the distributor-collector 340 and the seed 341 with the elevator drive. The seed distributor-distributor represents a conveyor belt with capturing blades fixed to the tape, tightly adjacent to a stationary copy plate 342 equipped with openings 343 - seed nests, depending on the purpose of the seeder, depending on their size and precisely copying their placement and planting in the container.

The copy plate below is blocked by a second movable copy plate-gate 344 with offset holes, which overlaps the holes of the upper copier and is the bottom of the seed holding slot, on the one hand, and the gate when moving the plate using the seed drive 345 until the holes coincide on the other side.

A fixed unified typesetting structure is installed under the movable plane-gate - a drive consisting of a frame 346, in which, for the purpose of unifying the seed conduit, support plates 347 are installed, between which the seed conduits 348 are provided and fixedly mounted at a distance corresponding to the location of the sockets, screwed on the outer surface guides 349 along which a nut 351 rotates in a sliding bearing, which is connected by a drive 350 and is connected to a coulter lead 352 that rotates internally th cavity of the semen conduit. The nut bearing is fixed in a vertically movable unified stacking frame-structure 353, which, moving vertically with a drive 350 and screw guides on the seed line, rotates the nut with the coulter drive, screwing it to the desired predetermined substrate depth in the container.

The coulter, which simultaneously plays the role of a seed conduit, is equipped at the lower end with a cone-shaped flap closure 354 having ribs 355 to form a channel when screwing in the coulter and filling it when unscrewing. The opening of the petals is carried out with the help of a cone 356, which, when the coulter reaches a predetermined planting depth, rests on the ribs 358 of the frame, set with a scale 359 to the desired planting depth, specified for a particular plant.

Conveyor system operation

The conveyor system as a whole and each of its industry components are calculated on the basis of their economic feasibility for the minimum production volumes, provided that the ratios of each block are optimally matched, and with an acceptable mismatch of the efficiency of individual specialized blocks, provided that the losses of one block are compensated for by another.

1. ZOO CONVEYOR

The zoo conveyor is designed for any number of farmed animals of any species within the limits of economic feasibility, the possibility of joint (in one room) or separate keeping them, in accordance with veterinary requirements, regardless of the keeping system (tethered, untethered), but subject to one condition, so that each the animal, when individually maintained, had a strictly defined content area with a single width assigned to that animal and numbered (both the place and the animal itself), respectively corresponding to a given module (mainly 1 m), and when keeping a group of animals, a fenced area is a multiple of the installed module. This is necessary to ensure unity and unification of the length of the feeders, strictly fixed and numbered in accordance with the place of detention of the animal or group.

The proposed zooconveyor is designed to solve the main problem of livestock production - increasing livestock production, increasing animal productivity and the quality of final products on the basis of increasing the production of high-quality feeds and organizing a balanced nutrition of animals based on normalized feeding, improving the quality of feed storage, as well as mechanization and simple automation of feed preparation individual mixtures for each animal or group thereof.

The preparation of rations of balanced feeds is carried out depending on the composition and structure of the herd, which, in turn, depends on the specialization of livestock production and the types of its products.

The versatility of the zoo conveyor is that it is able to serve both a personal farm, characterized by the diversity of the herd structure, and specialized commodity production with a narrow or wide range of products.

Operation of an automated universal feed block production line

The work of the feed block and the block keeping animals is carried out mainly in three varieties of technological processes:

1. For a herd homogeneous in appearance of animals and specialized in the direction of production (meat, dairy, rearing of young animals), which is characteristic of commodity production.

2. For herds of various kinds of animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, rabbits, poultry, etc.), which is characteristic of a personal farm.

3. For mixed production, when there is both commodity production and personal farming or commodity production with a diverse assortment of products of different types, which is most characteristic of peasant (farmer) farms.

Varieties of technological processes primarily affect the nature of the laying of feed components in storage tanks; the sequence of component placement in the cells of each tank, taking into account the sequence of their technological processing in the production of mixtures; on the sequence of feeding the components and mixtures to the hopper of the animal keeping unit and, ultimately, on the sequence of operations in the process of controlling the conveyor.

The simplest technological process has specialized in one type of product production, for example meat. In such a production, the warehouse of feed components is a collection of storage tanks that act as dispensers when the cells of each tank are calculated in accordance with the consumption of each component by all animals of a given type. In order to reduce the number of bunkers in the section for individual preparation of feeds, a conditional mixture is compiled, which is a combination of the minimum quantities of each component inherent in the individual diet of each animal, calculated or adopted according to detailed norms depending on its age, physiological, etc. state.

Thus, the volumetric composition of each component is divided into the part that goes to the preparation of the conditional mixture, and the part that goes to individual additives to the conditional mixture for each animal. The technological processing of each component, its separation into two components and the production of the mixture are carried out in the warehouse harvester section. The sequence of placement of the cells of the tank is taken in accordance with the need for the sequence of technological processing of each component, for example, a component that requires mechanical treatment in a crusher, followed by steaming and chemical treatment (straw), components requiring mechanical processing and heat (grain), then components requiring only mechanical processing (silo, haylage), and, finally, components that do not require preliminary technological processing. The sequence of placement of the cells depends on the direction of rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) of the unloading unit - 65 (Fig.12-15). The conveyor distributor 45 (Fig.12-15) while in zero (above the heat of the hoppers 73) stationary position.

Each hopper 162 (FIGS. 23 and 24) of the section of the individual feed preparation and cleaning of the feeders section is loaded with both a conventional mixture and components-additives to the conventional mixture, necessary specifically for each animal or group, as well as components not present in the conventional mixture, but necessary in the diet. The hopper feeder of each hopper is adjusted to the corresponding volumetric weight of the component.

For such production, the main quantity of storage tanks is loaded according to the principle: capacity - storage - dispenser for the production and dosing of a conditional mixture and one or more containers are loaded with additive components with cell placement in accordance with the order of loading of each component in the hopper section of the individual feed preparation section and cleaning feeders. With this loading of containers, the warehouse harvester 35 is a mobile unit, which is moved alternately from one tank to another after the previous one has been completely freed from feed.

The loading and unloading section 34 is rearranged from tank to tank, if the number of tanks filled with added components is more than one.

The second option is the technology when the warehouse combine acts as a stationary unit, attached to one container-storage-dispenser, and the loading and unloading section is mobile as one of the containers filled with the components required for the storage-dispenser tank and section bins individual feed preparation.

The location of the cells in the dispenser and storage tanks is carried out in this case as in the first embodiment.

Tank cells are loaded during the harvesting period or periodically delivered during the working period using a reserve storage tank, which is a buffer tank to reduce the downtime of unloaded vehicles, as well as creating the possibility of choosing any time (except for feeding animals) to use mobile sections loading and unloading and warehouse harvester. The load order of the cells is determined by the list of feed components and mixtures thereof.

The technological process of feeding animals is carried out in three stages: the preparatory stage, which consists in the selection of diets and feeding modes for each animal, the installation and commissioning of equipment and its elements involved in the feeding process; the step of loading the feed hoppers of the individual feed preparation section and cleaning the feeders with the feed components; and the third stage of cleaning the feeders, filling them with the components of the feed inherent in each animal with the formation of an individual mixture and distribution of feed.

The third stage is carried out in one or several revolutions of the cart conveyor (train), depending on the structure of the herd.

At the preparatory stage, the following operations are performed:

1. Place each animal in its stall and secure it for a particular period under the number.

2. Place groups of small animals behind a specific compartment with feeders under the compartment number.

3. Individual feeders and groups of feeders, depending on the number of feedings, are equipped with rotor-sensors of modes 182 with the required number of sensors for individual dosing of components, including a zero sensor.

4. Based on the full characteristics of the state of the animal or group (species, age, weight, productivity, lactation, health status, etc.), the energy and nutritional component of the feed is determined based on detailed norms or other sources, and each component of it in weight ( volumetric) units.

5. Set each comb 184 of the individual metering sensor, attached to a well-defined component, and therefore, a consumable hopper, for a certain number of teeth that determine the portion size of this component or conditional mixture in the diet of each animal or group.

6. A component or conditional mixture is attached to each consumable hopper 162 and containers 165, and each hopper and standardized dosing device 167 are adjusted to the specific volumetric weight of the component attached to the hopper using a curtain 192, a rod 193 and a drive 197 with a steering wheel 198.

7. Set the drive gear 168 of the metering device in a position corresponding to a well-defined comb 184, and fix it with a handle in this position.

8. The position of all mechanisms and locking elements is checked in accordance with the requirements of the upcoming technological process — loading consumable hoppers with components and a conditional mixture, including the operation of its preparation.

The position of the working bodies involved in the work should be as follows:

a) The warehouse harvester section and the loading and unloading section are inserted, fixed, fixed and connected to power supplies in storage tanks attached to them at this stage with a reflection on the control panel that the sections are in contact with the tanks.

b) The transverse and, if necessary, longitudinal conveyors are installed in the working position of the section with their fixation, fixing, connection with the help of docking devices to each other and reflection of the working contact signal on the control panel.

The distribution of the volumetric amount of each component supplied to create a conditional mixture and the volumetric amount of each component supplied to the hopper of the individual feed preparation and cleaning of the feeders section is controlled by the K1 rocker valve (Fig. 19) installed on the overload chute 63 (Fig. 12) and controlled by a time relay and limit switch, configured on each component individually. Valve K1 acts as a feeder-dispenser.

The most common variant of the technological process is the variant with mixed technology, when there is keeping animals for personal farming with its characteristic large variety of different types of animals, including poultry, with a small number of animals and keeping animals for commodity production with a characteristic, as a rule, one or several types of specialization in relatively small groups of animals depending on market conditions.

As a rule, the size of a personal farm has relatively constant parameters in terms of production, depending on the needs of working personnel, which is mainly stable at one stage or another of the development of production (family, wage workers). Therefore, a personal farm is allocated in a separate area with its own storage capacity and specialized sections for keeping animals. The storage tank for a personal farm is filled, as a rule, with the components of animal feed inherent only to the personal farm, and animal species that are the same as the animal species of commodity production are provided with feed by the technological process of this commodity production. When using feed components with small volumes that are not commensurate with the volumes of the minimum capacity cell, the bunkers 124 (Fig. 21) of the mobile section — the longitudinal conveyor — are included in the work.

c) All locking elements (gates, valves) are in the “closed” position, which should be reflected by a signal on the control panel.

d) Carts with feeders are located at their stalls and platforms for keeping animals.

d) The conveyor distributor 45 (Fig.12) and the unloading unit 65 are in the folded zero position. The working bodies of the unloading unit are configured to recess the thickness of the layer of components in the tank, corresponding to the amount of feed for one feeding of all animals with one revolution of the unloading unit.

9. The locking elements are installed in working condition - on the production of the conditional mixture “using electromagnetic mechanisms 1-7 (Fig.19) translational movement”.

Shiber Ш1 (Fig. 19) - in the “open” position - pos. 46 (Fig. 12).

Valve K2 - in the position of the passage of the component into the hopper associated with the crusher for roughage.

Valve K1 estrus 63 (Fig.12) - in the position of the warehouse harvester in the internal mode, i.e. when the unloading conveyor 52 is paired with a reloading conveyor 64, which is connected using gates Ш 12-15 with bins 76 and 79.

10. The start-up of transport mechanisms in turn or at the same time depending on the setting of the “limit switch” of rotational action with rotary cams, which includes electromagnetic rotation couplings M1-21 (Fig. 18), respectively, of a given mode in the network. In this case: Ml6, leading to the rotation of the scraper 50 (Fig.12 and 18); M14 driving the feed conveyor 40; M13 - reloading conveyor 64 and the engine of the distributing conveyor 45.

Then, with the help of the M9 clutch, the coarse feed crusher 69 is started and the M7 clutch is the fan 70, and the mixing unit by the M8 clutch, after which the unloading machine engine 65 is turned on and the scraper 57 is turned into the clutch, and the unloading conveyor 52 is turned on by the Ml 5 clutch .

11. The operation of preparing a conditional mixture with the option of loading the container with the components that make up the conditional mixture. In this case, the capacity acts as a dispenser.

The coupling M5 of the drive of the unloading unit 65 is turned on, bringing it into rotation around the axis of the container column, choosing a layer of a component that requires complete technological processing - mechanical in the crusher, thermal and chemical in the mixer, while the gate Ш4 of the feed crusher hopper is opened by the electromagnetic mechanism C4 and the crushed component with a stream of air enters the mixing drum, which acts as a steaming unit when steam is supplied to it from a steam generator 75.

Then the time relay is activated, the valve K2 opens the estrus of the hopper of the crusher 68 for crushing grain crops, which also enter the mixer-steamer, undergoing heat treatment.

After the subsequent operation of the time relay, the unloading unit unloads components that do not require machining, while the gate Ш1 is closed, the gate Ш2 is opened, loading the hopper 73 with components that make up the conditional mixture, which do not require machining but require heat treatment. Then the gate Ш2 is closed after the time relay is activated, the unloading unit unloads the components required for the formation of a conditional mixture, but which do not require pre-treatment, which enter the hopper through the window in the conveyor bottom and, when the Ш15 gate is open, into the mixer. Steam is thus blocked.

Cooked conditional mixture after the time relay is activated, the clutch M6 of the unloading auger of the mixer 71 is turned on and the gate of the estrus 60 connecting the auger to the unloading conveyor is opened, it enters the hopper of the individual feed preparation section attached to it.

At the same time, valve K1 on estrus 63 opens estrus 62 for dispensing the mixture from the combine to the transverse conveyor to the receiving hopper 107 (Fig. 22) of the upper tray 101. The gate 106 opens and the mixture enters the upper tray of the longitudinal conveyor 159 (Fig. 23) and open gate 163 into one of the bins 162 intended for this mixture.

The filling of the remaining bunkers in the individual feed preparation section with the components necessary for compiling individual diets when the additive components are stored in a separate container from the metering tank is carried out according to the technology discussed above, only with the difference that the storage tank of the additive components is serviced a mobile component loading and unloading section, operating to dispense each component to the transverse conveyor (Fig. 22), when the component enters the receiving bin from the heat 62 unker 108 and with the open gate 105 enters the lower tray and is fed with the open gate of the lower tray 102 into the receiving hopper 41 (Fig. 12) of the warehouse combine, from where it is fed by the loading conveyor to the upper hopper and by a scraper 50 to the conveyor-distributor 45, from where above technologies for technological processing and in the corresponding hopper of the individual feed preparation section.

Additive components that do not require processing from the receiving hopper 41 with the open gate Ш6 go to the unloading conveyor 52 and with the open heat 62 using the valve K1 enter the transverse conveyor, the longitudinal conveyor of the individual feed preparation section into the specified hopper with the corresponding open gate of this hopper .

With the option of storing each component of the feed in a single cell, when the component requires one or another technological processing and is both an integral element of the conditional mixture and an additional component, the technological process of loading the bunkers of the individual feed preparation section and preparing the conditional mixture differs from the one described above in that each the component that requires pre-processing is processed independently and is completely removed from the mixer through estrus 60 to the unloading conveyor 52 and valve K 1, using a time relay, it is divided into two flows, one of which is directed into estrus 62 to a transverse conveyor, a longitudinal conveyor and to the hopper attached to this component with the gate of this hopper open, and the other flow to estrus 63 after switching valve K1 from the timer. From estrus 63 by the conveyor and gate 64, the remaining part of the processed component enters the intermediate hopper 76 attached to this component or into the hopper 79.

Components that do not require technological processing, but which are components of the mixture and additional elements, are also divided into two streams, one of which is sent to the hopper of the individual feed preparation section, and the other to form a conditional mixture using a time relay and valve K1 in accordance with a given program.

Components that do not require technological processing and are not components of the conditional mixture, with the K1 valve open, in heat 62 are sent to the individual feed preparation sections attached to the hopper with the open gate inherent in this bunker.

The formation of a conditional mixture in this case is the final stage, when the gates 74 of the bins 73, the gates 77 of the bins 76 and the gates of the bunker 79 are opened alternately. All processed pre-components are loaded into the mixer and at the end of the process, the conditioned mixture is loaded into the corresponding hopper of the section.

In the case where there are several conditional mixtures, each of them is prepared separately and fed to the respective bunkers of the individual feed preparation section.

Work of the automated universal production line of the block for keeping animals

It is carried out according to two varieties of the technological process:

1 - filling the feeders for one revolution of the truck conveyor (train);

2 - filling the feeders for several revolutions of the trolley conveyor (train).

The first is used when the number of feed components and their mixtures does not exceed the number of feed bins in the individual preparation of feed and cleaning feeders.

This technology is inherent, as a rule, when keeping animals of a small number of species or various species of animals, the diets of which do not differ in the high content of components that fit into the available number of bins equipped with universal dispensers 167 (Fig. 23). The number of dispensers 167 should correspond to the number of dies 184 (Fig. 32) of the individual metering sensor (Figs. 31, 32). With this technology, filling the bins can be equal to the daily consumption of each component or mixture for all animals, and setting the sensors for individual dosing of components and the mode sensor for one-time feeding.

The second process is used in cases where the number of diet components exceeds the number of consumables. The preparation of individual and / or group rations with this technology is carried out for two or more revolutions of the cart conveyor (train), depending on the total number of additive components and conditional mixtures used in one revolution.

With this technology, the filling hoppers are filled in the amount of one-time feeding so that the hopper released from the component can be occupied by another component for preparing the ration during the next turn of the cart conveyor.

With this option, the subsequent filling of the hopper should be carried out by a component whose volumetric weight is equal to the volumetric weight of the previous component or is close within the permissible error during dosing. In the absence of such a possibility of selecting the next component, the hopper and dispenser are subject to readjustment to the volumetric weight of the next component.

The sequence of technological operations in the mode of automated individual preparation of feed, their distribution to each animal and cleaning the feeders with the option of filling them for one revolution of the truck conveyor is as follows (Fig.23 and 24):

1. Starting position - each feeder is located at its own stall, the rotor-sensor of feeding modes 182 (Fig. 26) of each trolley is configured for the first morning feeding, which means the working (upper) position of each comb 184 (Fig. 32) of the individual metering sensor 183 which are mounted on the rotor sequentially in order of feeding and are completed with a zero sensor (without toothed combs or with removed teeth). Each comb is adjusted to the number of teeth that determine the angle of rotation of the drive gear 168, and therefore, the number of cells of the dispenser 167, tuned to the volumetric weight of this component.

The leash 204 (Fig. 33, 44, 45) is in the extended position (Fig. 37) of the carts to be unloaded the feed from the feeders. During morning feeding, all feeders are cleaned before filling. The cleaning mode can be different: one-, two-, three-, etc. one-time depending on the setting of the leash.

Controls of the production line of the animal keeping unit — the mechanism for switching on the feeding modes 170 (Fig. 24) is configured to prepare each cart for the next preparation of feed according to the following options: 1 - when the feeding regime for all animals is the same (two or three times); 2 - when the feeding regimen is different (in some animals three times a day, in others - two times or one-time, etc.).

Each feeding regime has its own rotor-polyhedron from individual dosing sensors. The axis of rotation of each polyhedron is located at a very specific height, has its own length. Due to the protruding end of the axis with the drive gear 181 (Fig.26), which engages with a comb with a set of teeth, each located depending on the number of sides of the polyhedron at its stage. Ensuring engagement of the gear 181 with the comb of the stage is due to the extension of the stage (or part thereof) by electromagnetic actuators 225 (Fig. 39). Each comb has a set number of dies 224, providing a certain angle of rotation of the rotor and brought into operation by electromagnetic actuators 224.

When operating in the same feeding mode for all animals (say three times), the rotor is a quadrangular polyhedron (3 + 1 zero). To transfer the rotor from the first feeding to the next, it is necessary to turn it 360: 4 = 90 °, for which one die with the number of teeth that rotate the rotor axis gear by this angle is put forward on the fixed stage. The remaining steps are in the off position.

The copier 222 is in the extended state (Fig.38), which will ensure the fixation of the leash 204 in the retracted state and prevent the possibility of tipping over the feeders at the next feeding.

The copier 229 (Fig. 44) is in the off state. Contactor 228 (Fig. 43) is disconnected.

In accordance with a predetermined program for feeding animals, the time switch turns off the limit switch 221 (Fig. 36), including the truck conveyor engine. Each trolley, alternately entering the unloading unit 161, introduces the leash 204 into the screw groove 205 of the housing, overturning the trolley with a feeder, which is cleaned of food residues with a stream of air (or steam) and, making a complete revolution around the longitudinal axis, enters into the guide lines, and the upper comb of each trolley - in the guides 169 (Fig.23). Moving along the guides, each comb engages with the drive gear of the hopper attached to it, choosing from it a set amount of this or that component and the conditional mixture. Last in the direction of travel is a mixer 166 (Fig. 35), mixing the contents of each feeder.

At the exit from the individual feed preparation section, the driven rotor gear of each trolley rotates the rotor by a predetermined angle, setting the subsequent comb to the next feeding, and the copier 222 retracts the leash, which is held in place by means of the latch.

With a full revolution of the conveyor, the end switch 221 is turned on (Fig. 35), which disconnects the conveyor drive from contact with the first trolley. The following feeding will differ only in that the leash 204 does not extend into the screw groove and the carts pass through the unloading device without tipping over. But at the last (evening) feeding, the copier 229 is triggered, and the leash, freed from the stopper, is advanced to the working position.

In the case when the feeding regime of animals is different, filling the feeders with food can be carried out in one go (conveyor rotation) or in several steps, depending on the feeding schedule of each animal.

Suppose, in the herd there are animals that require three meals a day, two meals a day, and one-time meals. When filling feeders for one turn of the conveyor (for example, during morning feeding), the technology for preparing feeds and cleaning the feeders is described above, but the preparation for subsequent feeding will differ in that feeders designed for two and one-time meals should not be filled with food, unlike feeders for three meals a day.

Therefore, the rotor of the feeder for two meals a day should be installed on the zero sensor of individual dosing by turning it through 240 °, and the rotor of the one-time feeding on the zero sensor by turning through 180 °, which is achieved by switching on the corresponding dies on the steps of the column 223 fixed to these rotors (Fig. .39) in manual or automated mode in accordance with a given program.

After the second filling of the feeders, the rotor of two meals a day should be set to the second power mode, i.e. from the zero sensor to the evening (second) power sensor. With a trihedral rotor, it is necessary to rotate it through an angle of 240 °, which is achieved by the dies of the column 223 remaining in the same position, and the rotor of the disposable power supply must remain in the zero position, for which the dies of this stage are switched off.

After the third filling of the feeders (evening), all rotors should be prepared for morning feeding, i.e. the tetrahedral rotor - three meals a day - must be rotated 180 °, the trihedral rotor - two meals a day - 240 °, and the two-sided rotor - a one-time feed - 180 °, which is ensured by the inclusion of the corresponding dies. Each trolley must be prepared for cleaning the feeders by turning on the copier 229 (Fig. 49) and extending the leash 204.

The technological process of automated individual preparation of feeds with the option of filling the feeders for several revolutions of the cart conveyor (train) is carried out similarly to the option of feeding animals in different modes, but with the only difference being that, firstly, the feed hoppers are filled in turn after each revolution of the cart conveyor, -second, all the rotors of trolleys with feeders that are not filled with this (first) revolution are set to zero mode.

During the second rotation of the conveyor, the rotors of the filled feeders and the rotors of the feeders to be filled in the third revolution, etc., are set to zero mode.

With the variant of different feeding modes of each animal, the process of the sequence of operations is described above.

Switching of working bodies is carried out both manually and according to a given program in an automated mode.

2. AGROKONVEYER

Work of an automated universal production line of a block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures

It is carried out according to the following technological processes:

1. Harvesting, preparation for storage, loading of containers and cells and storage of components of fertilized, composted and soil mixtures.

2. Production of mixtures, their storage and unloading.

The procurement of components is carried out in accordance with their need for crop production both in open (field) and closed (greenhouse) soils. For storage of mineral fertilizers, a tank (s) is allocated with radial partitions forming chests with mechanized loading and unloading, similar to the technology for loading and unloading feed components.

For the components that make up the mixture constant during the season of the composition, the cells in the tank are located on the basis of the calculation of the composition of the mixture using the unloading unit. If it is necessary to crush the components or the mixture itself and mix well, the components or their mixture unloaded from the cells, or fed into the cells, are fed into a container with a storage combiner installed in it, where, if necessary, they are crushed, mixed in the mixer and delivered to consumable bins or cells for further use or transportation. Work can be carried out both in manual control mode and in automated in accordance with a given program in a set time mode.

Storage of herbicides, microelements or fertilizers that are not suitable for mixing is carried out in the hoppers of the longitudinal conveyor section or in independent containers and cells.

The operation of the discharge unit of the tank can be configured with limit switches to the mode of rotational movement within a full revolution, within the cells for a given mixture, as well as within the same cell during the reverse-rotation movement and the motion of the unloading unit is stationary.

For the production of composts, one working container 230 is installed (Fig. 2) with a retractable combine harvester 231, to which a conveyor 244 for feeding manure from an animal keeping unit is connected, as well as a feed line for components for composting stored in a container attached to them (s) (s) 235. The capacity for compost production does not have radial partitions and it is loaded in layers — a layer of manure, a layer of peat, foliage, mineral additives, etc., depending on the composition of the compost. Compost components, except manure, are stored in containers with radial partitions forming cells with a relative volume of their content in compost. As the compost tank is layer-by-layer filled, the lower layers “mature” and are unloaded, freeing up the upper volume for layer-by-layer loading by components, thereby creating flow and continuous production. The loaded layer of components, if necessary, can be fed to pre-treatment (crushing) and the formation of the mixture. The finished compost is sent to consumable bins for export to the field and to the bunkers of section 241 (Fig. 2) of the dosing of components, which also contains mineral fertilizers for entering them into the soil used in the greenhouse or in the dedicated cell of the tank 232 for the production of soil mixtures used in the greenhouse.

The tank 232 is paired with a storage combine, from which the contents of the cells of the tank are fed to the transverse conveyor 234, then to the longitudinal conveyor of the metering section and conveyor 12 is sent to the greenhouse. Cell capacity 232 are calculated on the number and volume of fertilizer mixtures necessary to restore the loss of nutrients in the closed ground of each cultivated plant species for at least one vegetation.

Dosing section 241, as a rule, is intended for compiling fertilizer mixtures used in the greenhouse when growing different types of plants, each of which requires different compositions of fertilizer mixtures to make up for losses during each growing season in more accurate proportions than when making composts or fertilizer mixtures for the field.

Each feed hopper 162 (FIG. 21) or a group of hoppers: the dosing sections, in accordance with the work schedule, are filled with the components of the fertilizer mixture necessary for a particular type of plant. The rotor 182 (Fig. 26) of the truck conveyor 242 (Fig. 2) is recruited from the sensors 183 (Fig. 26) depending on the number of plants requiring fertilizer mixtures of different composition. (Suppose 5 types of plants. The rotor of the dosage regimes - hexagonal - 5 + 1 zero sensor). Each comb of the individual metering sensor is adjusted to the number of teeth of the required volume of the component attached to this comb. The hopper dispensers are set to the appropriate volumetric weight. The drive of the trolley conveyor is turned on, which, with one revolution of the nth number of trolley tanks, produces the necessary mixture, mixes the components with an individual mixer 166 (Fig. 24), unloads all the carts with containers in the unloading unit 161 (Fig. 24) with the leash 204 extended (Fig. .45), which is affected by the copier 229 (Fig. 44).

The unloaded mixture enters the transverse conveyor 234 (FIG. 2) and then either to fill the cell of the tank 232 or into the consumables of the greenhouse in accordance with a predetermined program for the nth number of revolutions of the conveyor.

The transition to the formation of another fertilizer mixture is carried out in accordance with a predetermined program by turning the rotor of the modes by an appropriate angle by turning on the dies on the column stage 223 fixed to the rotor (Fig. 39). After which the cycle repeats.

When the number of fertilizer mixtures is greater than the number of individual batching sensors in the rotor of the modes, the 2nd stage of setting up individual batching sensors is performed, and the process of preparing the mixtures is repeated, but with loading, sweep into the next cells of capacity 232.

Consumption bins 162 (Fig. 21) are equipped with sensors of the upper level ДУВ-7 (Fig. 46) and the lower level of ДУН-7, which are connected to the limit switches of the cells of capacities 237 and 235, in which the components attached to the corresponding cell are stored, as well as with electromagnetic couplings M3 and M5 of the unit 65 (Fig. 18) for unloading the components and couplings M16 and M12 of the unit 45 of loading the components and respectively with the coupling M15 of the unloading conveyor 52, the coupling M14 of the loading conveyor 40, the coupling M13 of the transfer conveyor 64 and the electromagnetic drives translationally th movement With 17 (Fig.19) flap valve K1.

The sequence of technological operations in the loading mode of consumable hoppers in the batching section will be as follows: all sensors of the lower level indicate the absence of components in the bins. Slides Ш7 (Fig. 46) on the upper tray of the longitudinal conveyor are open, because connected to the lower level sensor (triggered by DUN-7 - gate SH7 opens), which gives a signal to the limit switch of the corresponding cell of the tank, to which the hopper is fixed. At the same time, a signal is given to open the gates corresponding to the program on transverse and longitudinal conveyors to provide a flow path for the components. The engine D (Fig. 18) of the gearbox drive is turned on, then the coupling M20, which drives the conveyors of the transverse and longitudinal sections and then sequentially M15, M13, M14 and simultaneously M5-M3 and M12-M16, to ensure synchronous rotation of the unloading unit and distribution conveyor.

Components in the cells of the tank are placed in the sequence of filling consumable bins. When the first hopper is filled, the DUV-7 top-level sensor is triggered, giving a signal to stop the component from the loading and unloading section, blocking the estrus 62 with valve K1 (Fig. 12) and directing part of the discharged component to the conveyor 64 and 40 to the hopper 42, and then to the conveyor distributor 45 and to the cell from which the component is unloaded. Then the unloading unit enters the subsequent cell together with the conveyor-distributor, and the cycle is repeated until all the necessary bunkers of the dosing section are filled.

In the case when it is required to fill one intermediate hopper, all operations are carried out in the same order, with the only difference being that the unloading unit, passing through the cells preceding the necessary one, with the K1 valve shut off, is overloaded with components in the upper part of the cell.

The mixture formed in the dispenser is loaded into the cells of the tank 232 (Fig. 2) until the sensor of the upper level of this cell is triggered, which gives a signal to stop loading the containers of the bogies, turning the mode rotor to the zero sensor, by turning on the given number of dies 224 (Fig. 42) step column 223 (Fig. 39) in accordance with a given program.

The trolley conveyor-dispenser is switched on to the next mode of operation for composing another mixture by the signal of the lower level sensor of the corresponding cell of the tank 232, which is transmitted to the drive dies 224 at the required angle to set the corresponding individual dispenser 183, after which the process of loading the next tank cell is repeated.

The regulation of the performance of making mixtures can be carried out due to the speed of rotation of the trolley conveyor-dispenser.

Work conveyor vegetative container (KVK)

It is carried out in the year-round use mainly for two types of technological processes:

1. Growing plants in an open area in mobile mini-greenhouses with translucent caps and double walls using heat from the air ventilation system (Figs. 47-57).

2. Growing plants in mobile containers in closed tunnels of the greenhouse type or greenhouses using heat from the air ventilation system.

Both types of technology differ from each other in that in the second embodiment, the automated production line for planting, care and harvesting will not have branches 253 for washing and sanitizing translucent caps with mechanisms 258 for removing and 256 closing the container. The devices for supplying air to containers are also simplified while violating the principle of individual regulation of the parameters of the air mixture in each vegetative line, which reduces the efficiency of vegetation for various plant species with a small number of them, and this is characteristic of a personal (subsidiary) farm. Therefore, the most appropriate type of technology may be a combination of both types, i.e. the first version of the technology with mini-greenhouses is used for growing plants used in personal farming, and the second option is used in the production of mainly root tubers and other plants for feeding animals and commodity needs, when vegetative lines are combined in groups depending on their type and volume of cultivation, and aerial the environment is regulated in its parameters depending on the type of plant of the group and the growth time of each species in its air volume.

In both cases, the planting, care and harvesting line and the plant vegetation line operate on a ring principle, connecting to each other with transborder trolleys with line picking and decompletion mechanisms, each of which is equipped with limit switches to control the order of picking lines in manual or automatic modes.

The line of planting, care and harvesting (Fig.2 and 48) works in a pulsating mode with a pulsation time equal to the largest amount of time spent on technological operations on a particular working unit. All technological operations in each working unit are carried out in automatic mode only after the container occupies a working position in a particular working space, which is signaled by means of limit switches that transmit a signal to the working bodies. When filling containers with a line along the entire length, all technological operations inherent in a given operating mode (for example, landing) can be performed simultaneously with the calculation that each container arriving at these jobs will be processed.

The line operates in three main modes - planting mode, plant care mode, and harvest mode.

Planting mode is carried out for the case when the container coming from the vegetation line is not filled with substrate - the conveyor starts working, and for the case when the planting operation is carried out after the harvesting operation (mainly refers to root crops).

An empty container of miniteplitsa from the vegetation line, equipped with them during the start-up of the conveyor, frees the last and first container of the line from the device of the air exhaust system 279 and 280 (Fig. 53) using the mechanism 277A (Fig. 57), then the capture 277B (Fig. 55) the dismounting mechanism 278 sets the container on the transborder carriage, after which the picking mechanism 277 pushes the loaded container of miniteplice from the transborder carriage, joins it with the first container of miniteplitz and pushes the entire line forward along the guides. Then, with the help of mechanisms 277A, the air supply 279 and air exhaust 280 devices are connected to the line and the transborder trolleys are automatically moved to the guides of the planting, care and harvesting line, where, using the limit switches, a signal is given for the operation of unloading the mini-table with the mechanism - 278 and installing it on the guides lines and loading the next mini-greenhouse (container) using a mechanism - 277 to the transborder trolley, after which the trolley drives are turned on, and they follow to the given serviced line in getatsii, and the process of downloading landing line, care and harvesting is repeated. It can be done using manual or software control. The installed minitruck onto the line by pulsating movements reaches the mechanism 258 for removing the caps, which performs this operation, rearranging the cap on the branch 253 washing and sanitizing, synchronously with the container moving it. When growing plants in containers, this operation is absent. The container that is not filled with the substrate, freed from the cap, moves to the mower 259, the end switch of which is turned off in accordance with the specified program operation for the specified mode and this operation is not performed. The mower limit switch is turned on in the harvesting mode when the green mass is crushed and sent to the hopper 260 (Fig. 47). And threshed seeds are sent to hopper 261. Then the container enters the guides 285 (Fig. 58) of the cabin of the hopper 284 of the elevator shaft 283, where, as in the mower, the limit switch is turned off in accordance with the program of the regime under consideration, and the container moves to the next section of the stationary harvester 262 (Fig. .47) under a container 304 (Fig. 58) with a cultivator 305.

The elevator shaft limit switch is turned on only in the harvesting mode.

In the container 304, the substrate is fed from the compost and soil fertilizer block by the conveyor 308 (Fig. 48) to the hopper 310, from where it is fed by a feeder 311 to the sieve 300 (Fig. 58) with the tray 302 open.

From the tank 304, the cultivator-dispenser 305, the substrate enters the container, which then moves to the next section of the combine. In the case when the substrate fully meets the requirements for the nutrient content for a given plant provided in the compost and soil mix fertilizer unit, the fertilizer compost and soil mix unit 312 (Fig. 61) remains inoperative, which is ensured by the program of this mode.

In the modes of harvesting and caring for the crop, when the soil mixture worked out in the same container is used as a substrate, which requires replenishment of nutrient losses in the form of mineral and organic fertilizers, the program of operation of this mode includes the unit for applying fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures to the working position, which means moving with the drive 317 (Fig. 59) to the lower working position of the required row of coulters with dispenser 314 and hopper 313 filled with the necessary component. Together with the coulters, the dispensing mechanism 318 moves until the tapered (step) roller 319 comes into contact with the side of the container, during the next longitudinal movement of which the dispenser 314 is triggered. Such replenishment of nutrient losses is carried out mainly in the regime of crop care, as a top dressing of plants, therefore, each row openers designed for a specific plant with a size between them equal to the distance between the rows. As a fertilizer, in this case, as a rule, a mixture of certain ratios is used, which is prepared in the fertilizer block of composts and soil mixtures and dosed in an amount equal to the volume of the hopper 313, fed into the hopper 309, from where it is fed by the feeder-dispenser 316 to the tray 312 to fill the hopper 313 For the harvesting regime, replenishment of nutrient losses is carried out by feeding into the container 304 a feeder-feeder 311 from the hopper 310 of the prepared mixture from the block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures.

When growing potatoes, the earthing up of rows in the crop care mode is carried out using the coulters 315 in the sequence described above, when the soil mixture for earthing up is loaded into the coulter bunker 315.

Harvesting of root crops is carried out automatically using a stationary combine 262 (Fig. 47; Fig. 58-64). The container with the grown crop enters the cell of the mower 259 to mow the tops, grind it and direct it to the hopper 260, then the container with the cut tops, which can be removed, and in the crop care mode, enters the cabin-hopper 284 (Fig. 58) when when the end switch is turned on, which, when activated, turns on the elevator motor and lifts the container until the guides 285 are joined with the guides of the tipper 293, after which the pusher 291 comes into contact with the stops of the hopper cabin, moving it to the tipper, in which the fixing to abino devices that give a signal to turn on the tipper motor. In the upper part, the cabin on rollers moves along the guides of the beam 288, which are combined with the upper guides of the tipper. After turning the tipper 180 °, the lower guides of the cab are combined with the upper guides of the third section of the combine, and the upper guides of the tipper with the lower guides of the third section. The overturned container is unloaded from the contents that enter the screen 299 and separates the substrate from the crop.

The substrate is sent to a sieve receiver 300, and root or tubers with sifted parts of contaminants - to the tray 301, and then to the sorting unit 320, which separates the crop from contaminants and distributes it in size, sending it to the appropriate bins 321 equipped with universal feeders dispensers. From the sieve 300, the substrate enters the container 304 with the tray 302 open. When the container 304 is blocked by the tray 302, the substrate is directed by a screw into the estrus 303 of the elevator 307 to the lower tray 306 of the scraper conveyor, and then to the fertilizer compost and soil mixes.

After unloading the contents from the container, which required a certain time, fixed by the time relay, a signal is sent to turn on the pusher 291, which moves the hopper cabin to the third position of the next section of the combine, where the nozzles 297 are turned on by the signal of the limit switch when the position of the rotary tray 298 connecting it with a tray 302, where the remains of the substrate not unloaded in the tipper are dumped after they are removed from the container due to an air stream, then the tray 298 switches to disinfectant discharge a thief or other medium supplied from nozzles. After cleaning, the pusher 291 installs the cab in the tipper, which, turning 180 °, puts the cab in the working position for lowering, and the pusher pulls it into the rails 285 and the yoke 288. The elevator motor is activated and the hopper cabin is set to the lower position, giving a signal to switching on the planting, care and harvesting line drive. The container moves under the capacity 304, the cultivator-feeder is turned on, mixing the spent substrate with the added mixture of fertilizers from the hopper 370 and the container is filled with an updated substrate.

The container filled with the substrate is moved to the next technological cell with the limit switch of the potato planting unit with root crops seeder 263 turned on in accordance with a predetermined program (Fig. 47; Figs. 65-71).

For example, the mode of planting potatoes is as follows. When the limit switch of the potato planting section is turned on (middle section of Fig. 66), the drive of the transborder carriage serving several planting sections is turned on, setting it with the limit switch in a given section. The drive of the trolley of the sowing device 335 is turned on, which moves along the guides to the extreme left position (Fig. 67). The lever 337 with the roller 338, using a copier 339, opens the mechanized shutter 336 of the hopper 334, the end switch of which gives a signal to open the gate 333 of the hopper 332, which feed the seed to the supply hopper 334. Simultaneously with the opening of the mechanized shutter 336, the seed collector 340 comes close to seed collection tray without moving it to the left. After loading the supply hopper 334, the upper level sensor is triggered, giving a signal to start the cart drive and the drive of the distributor-collector 340, the feeder of which rotates to form a seed layer (counterclockwise) on the copying plate 342. The sockets 345 are filled with seed. Then, the lever 337 reaches the copier of the guides 339, closes the shutter 336 and switches the reverse of the trolley drive and the distributor-collector to the operation of collecting seeds from the copying plate 342 and feeding them to the elevator 341, and then to the hopper 334. The distributor-collector pushes the seed collection tray, connecting the mechanism of the sowing drive 345, the copying board of which is combined with its holes with the sockets of the copying board 342, and the seeds enter each opener.

Then, with an actuator 350, the frame 353 with openers mounted fully moves with ribs 358 defining the depth of landing and, using the cone 356, opens, by actuating the lever mechanism 357, the flap closures 354, leaving the seed in its bed. The lifting drive is activated and the coulters are in their original position.

The process is then repeated. The new container takes its place, and the seeded container moves to the following workplaces of technological operations (watering, liquid feeding, leveling of the top layer, etc.). In the last operation, the container is closed with a translucent cap, after which the miniteplice is set to its original position for loading it onto a transborder trolley and delivery to its vegetation line.

Harvesting, not related to root crops, is carried out at the workplace where the tops are mowed, mainly by hand, with small quantities of vegetables grown. With commercial production, machine harvesting is possible.

The collection of seeds of vegetable crops grown on the conveyor is carried out on the line of mowing threshing, cleaning and collecting in the hopper 261, from where they are transferred to the storage hopper of seeds not treated with chemicals using the transport and distribution line 5. Seed treatment is carried out in the dosing section of the compost and soil fertilizer fertilizer unit using an individual mixer or a warehouse combine mixer - capacity 232 or 230, which can also be used if it is necessary to dry the seeds for storage. The processed seeds are sent to storage bins, from where - to consumable bins of the potato planting unit 263 with seeders.

A closed-cycle vegetative container conveyor is connected technologically and constructively with a zooconveyor, a processing conveyor and a fertilizer line of composts and soil mixtures using a transport and distribution line 5 and central conveyors 11 and 12 of the central transport and communication corridor block, forming a single industrial flow-line corridor continuous technological chain throughout the entire closed cycle from growing plants and animals to industrial production of the final product.

Automated production line 5 of transportation and distribution of the crop performs the following working functions:

1) automated unloading of the bins of the sorting unit of the stationary combine harvester 262 (Fig. 47), the bunker 260 of crushed green mass, the bunker 261 seeds equipped with sensors of the upper and lower levels, as well as consumable bins 251, acting as intermediate (buffer) containers;

2) transportation of crop components from the above silos to the unloading unit;

3) automated unloading of containers of the truck conveyor;

4) distribution of the crop components according to their intended use: commercial products - to the hopper 247 using the elevator 249, the longitudinal conveyor 246 and automated gates of the upper tray of the scraper conveyor; products for personal use in the hopper, the Central conveyor 11 (figure 2), reserved for these purposes; products for feeding animals - in the designated cells of storage tanks 35, 34 and others (figure 2); seeds for use in the greenhouse - in buffer bins 251 with their subsequent transportation to storage bins, and then for pre-sowing processing in the block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures.

For each component that has a purpose, its own scheme of interaction of executive mechanisms and regulatory bodies is developed. For example, it is necessary to distribute the potato crop of one vegetative cycle.

The conveyor 250 (Fig.47) trolley equipped with the nth number of trolleys with containers. The trolleys are equipped with rotors 182 (Fig. 26) of modes, equipped with sensors 183 (Fig. 26) of individual dosing, reflecting the purpose of the product (commercial, for personal use, fodder, seed) with bins of a combine harvester and others attached to each product dispensers. A sensor comb is attached to each dispenser. At the beginning of the conveyor, all the rotors of the bogies are installed on the zero sensor. Each sensor of the upper level of the bunkers is connected to the starter drive of the truck conveyor and a certain number of dies 224 (Fig. 42), step columns 223, which are turned off with a time relay when the conveyor is turned by less than 360 °, and the top sensors are turned on by task or program and the lower levels of the respective bins, where the product should come from one or another unloaded hopper, the lower level sensor of which gives a signal to turn on the dies 224 of the stepped column at an angle necessary for rotor rotations to zero mode at full conveyor rotation. At the same time, a signal is sent to turn off the sensors of the upper and lower levels with a locking element - the gate of the loaded hopper. The unloading cycle of the filled hopper is completed. When the second hopper is filled and the upper level sensor is triggered, the same process occurs, but with the dies switching after the conveyor idle at an angle corresponding to the installation of the individual batching sensor corresponding to this bunker. The inclusion of sensors of the upper and lower levels of the containers where the product is supplied is carried out by assignment or program.

For example, you want to submit marketable potatoes for export to the hopper 247 (Fig.47). The sensors of the lower and upper levels of the hopper are turned on and the gate opens on the upper tray of the scraper conveyor 246. When the upper level sensor is triggered, the gate closes, and the gate of the potato washing machine 248 opens, washing it directed to the central conveyor, and if the lower level sensor of the unloaded combine hopper harvesting did not work, and the top level sensor of the bunker for personal use of potatoes shows that the bunker is loaded, then the potatoes are sent to the bunkers included for yshlennoy processing in reserve bunker, or in a cell for potato storage vessel with subsequent use for animal feed when you turn on at the same time all the necessary arrangements.

Literature and a list of analogues

1. Suminov A. Family farms for every taste / Mosgiproniiselstroy // “Owner”, 1991, No. 4, p.20-22.

2. Bagdanov Yu.F. Projects of family farms / Kiev ZNIIEP // Housing, 1991, No. 1, p.22-23.

3. Kuznetsov A.I. Country estate. - M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1988, p. 18 and 19, fig. 9 (household unit).

4. The general plan of the farm for growing and fattening cattle for 1500-5000 cattle places, Fig. 3 // Design proposals for an industrial-type farm for the cultivation and feeding of young cattle with a multi-dimensional layout.

5. Block of the insulated prefabricated polygonal structure: A. p. 2600; publ. 08.16.96, Bull. No. 8.

6. Warehouse of mineral fertilizers with a capacity of 400 tons of prefabricated wooden structures // Kostandi F.F., Lapinsky L.G. Warehouses for mineral fertilizers. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1973, p. 156.

7. Conveyor: A.S. 785139, B 65 G 19/00; publ. 7.12.80, Bull. 45.

8. Feeder green mass PZM-1,5 // Directory of the machine operator of the breeder. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985, p. 61.

9. Feed tower: A.S. 318367, A 01 F 25/16; publ. 10/28/71, Bull. Number 32.

10. A set of equipment feed workshops for the preparation of feed mixtures KORK-15 // Directory of the machine operator breeder. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985, p.123.

11. A set of equipment for feed shops КЦС-2000, 3000, 6000 (MAYAK-6) // Handbook for the breeder machine operator. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985, p.120.

12. Feed conveyor TRK-100 and feed table SRK-100A // Mzhelsky NI, Smirnov AI Handbook on mechanization of livestock farms and complexes. - M .: Kolos, 1984, p. 126, fig. 9, p. 155, fig. 21.

13. Scraper conveyor TSN-2 // Mzhelsky N.I., Smirnov A.I. Handbook on mechanization of livestock farms and complexes. - M .: Kolos, 1984, p.202-207.

14. A device for the batch dispensing of bulk solids: А.с. 460442, G 01 F 11/24; publ. 02/15/72, Bull. No. 6.

15. Dosing devices: A.S. 409023, G 01 F 11/10; 13/10; publ. 10/22/73, Bull. No. 44.

16. Farmer, 1972, No. 1, p.1.

17. Greenhouse: A.S. 1653637, A 01 O 9/14 / G.S. Maximov. Publ. June 7, 91, Bull. No. 21.

18. Installation for growing plants: A.S. 1102520, A 01 G 9/18; publ. 07/15/84, bull. No. 26.

19. Microthermal: A.S. 1537181, A 01 G 9/14; publ. 01/23/90, Bull. No. 3.

20. Greenhouse: A.S. 1371615, A 01 G 9/24; publ. 02/07/88, Bull. No. 5.

21. Livestock farm: A.S. 685226; 06/21/76.

22. Price lists of the representative office of the company “BOOGOL Ltd”, Moscow, All-Russian Exhibition Center, 1993.

23. New in the feeding of highly productive animals: Sat. scientific tr / Under. ed. A.P. Kalashnikov. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989.

24. Konakov A.P., Yudaev Yu.N., Kozin R.B. Mechanization of feed distribution. - M .: VO Agropromizdat, 1989, p. 117, fig. 42.

25. Conveyor system for the collection and transportation of metal chips: A.s. 1553464, B 65 G 37/00; publ. 03/30/90, Bull. No. 12.

Claims (15)

1. The conveyor system is a universal block-integral-sectional zoo-agro-processing (hereinafter - KSU-BIS), which includes an animal breeding conveyor - a zooconveyor, a plant-growing conveyor - an agricultural conveyor and an agricultural processing conveyor - a processing conveyor integrated into a single production complex by a central conveyor , each of which consists respectively of technological lines for storing and preparing feed components, preparing feed rations, transporting them and dachas for animals, lines for cleaning manure, storing fertilizers and making composts, fertilizer and soil mixtures, for growing plants in open and closed soils, followed by processing livestock and crop products at their own enterprise, characterized in that all specialized conveyors consist of functional mobile insulated of standardized sections (units) of factory manufacture and / or stationary construction and technological sections assembled at the construction site in specialized production lines (blocks), forming industry production, capable of rapidly expanding, shrinking, transforming depending on the demand for products and ensuring industrialism and continuity of cargo flows throughout the closed cycle from growing animals and plants to the production of final products through the inclusion of an automated in the zooconveyor production line of the aft block, consisting of insulated polygonal (cylindrical) tanks with radial partitions and with free th cavity for installation inside the storage tank of the mobile sections: a warehouse feed preparation mixer; a mobile section for loading and unloading components docked with a container column using docking devices and with a mobile section — a transverse conveyor connected to a mobile section by a longitudinal conveyor or with a mobile section — unloading transports with a feeder; automated universal production line of the block for keeping animals for feeding, including an annular conveyor of unified trolleys on rollers moving with a drive along closed guides and equipped with feeders; devices for automated individual dosing of components; setting the operating modes of the truck conveyor and special couplings, as well as a section for individual dosing of components and cleaning of feeders, consisting of consumables for solid components with universal dispensers, containers for liquid components, an individual mixer, unloading unit and a set of equipment for the line control system; in the agricultural conveyor - an automated, universal production line of a block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures, consisting of mobile unified sections used in the feed block, but with crushing equipment corresponding to the processed components; an automated universal production line for transporting and distributing the crop, made of unified structural elements of an automated production line for the animal keeping unit for feeding them, but with a longitudinal conveyor equipped with a device for washing root crops and an end elevator; a vegetative container conveyor for growing mainly root crops and vegetables in an open area with devices for collecting and using storm and sewage in automated flow lines of plant vegetation, which also use low-grade heat exhausted in air ventilation systems in mobiles on rollers along guide minitrels with translucent caps and double-walled or in mobile open containers in an enclosed space such as a greenhouse or greenhouse, connected onstruktivno and technologically using razukomplektatsii picking mechanisms and autonomic lines with automatic flow line planting, maintenance and harvesting consisting of primary and secondary branches, the main branch of which is equipped with the installation and removal mechanisms translucent caps; a green mass mower with a grinder, a thresher for seeds, a device and a workplace for harvesting plants not related to root crops, a device for transporting green mass, crops and seeds to bunkers of the transportation line equipped with universal dispensers; a stationary combine for harvesting root crops, unloading and loading soil mixtures, feeding fertilizers to plants, as well as cleaning and sanitizing containers; stationary unit for planting potatoes with seeders for root crops and vegetables; plants for liquid processing plants; cultivator and auxiliary equipment, including an auxiliary line for moving and sanitizing translucent caps, synchronously working with the line of planting, care and harvesting, which is connected by conveyors to the line of the block of fertilizers, composts and soil mixtures, as well as using the transportation and distribution line of the crop and docking devices with a central conveyor made up of mobile or stationary, passage-type sections, a longitudinal conveyor combining into a single continuous flow t technological chain all specialized production lines, including a general-purpose conveyor for processing livestock products and a general-purpose conveyor for processing plant-growing products in the corresponding processing industries. 2. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage tank has an internal C-shaped partition mounted on the central column and the outer wall, creating with the bottom of the tank, along the entire perimeter, an opening for the unloading device and forming a free cavity for installation of a mobile section-combine of a warehouse or loading and unloading section along rails with a movement limiter, as well as a horizontal folding partition; insulated opening panel; guide radial partitions, which are equipped with vertical sealing devices and lower horizontal valves with a mechanism for opening and closing valves during the preparation of succulent feed, the cells for which are provided in the upper part with an airtight coating with loading windows fixed to a uniform lattice-like lid, movable in a vertical plane, each cell, the components of which require compaction of the contents during loading and unloading by means of a vertical impact on push-pull grating device. 3. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile sections — loading and unloading the components and the warehouse feed preparation machine are unified units that work, as a rule, paired with each other, each of which moves along the guides into the inner cavity or other capacity and each consists of one or more parts connected at the installation site, equipped, depending on the functions performed, only with devices for loading and unloading components with a drive device for working bodies new or optionally a technological unit with a set of equipment that ensures the accuracy of technological operations and includes units and assemblies that are unified for both sections - a frame with a running gear and guide rollers, a frame with insulated enclosing devices fixed on it that extend outside the tank, and a joint docking device with a column containers with loading and unloading mechanisms with their drive and control system, as well as vehicles feeding into the tank and removing components from it entents and their mixtures, equipped with docking units of the section followed by another section according to the technological process, and the section - the warehouse mix-preparation combine is additionally equipped with a technological unit for crushing components, their heat and chemical treatment, followed by their mixing, depending on technological requirements, as well as the system hoppers, loading and unloading mechanisms, driven rotation mechanisms and controlled by locking elements arranged in the form of gearboxes in accessible for operating places. 4. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile section is a transverse conveyor equipped with a frame with a running gear and guide rollers; a frame with a heat-insulated enclosing device fixed on it, creating a closed, air-heated volume; double-sided sealed openings for docking with other mobile and stationary sections; a scraper conveyor with parallel branches, equipped with drive docking devices for receiving power from the harvester of the storage and loading and unloading section and drive docking devices that transmit power to other dockable sections, as well as docking devices with two elevators for transshipment of transported goods from the lower branch to the upper ; unified devices for two-sided end docking with sections - longitudinal conveyor; estruses and mechanized gates with remote control devices. 5. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile section is a longitudinal conveyor equipped with a frame with a running gear and guide rollers; a frame with a heat-insulated enclosing device fixed on it, creating a closed, air-heated volume of a passage type or impassable type; scraper conveyor with parallel branches, equipped with drive docking devices; terminal unified devices for docking with other stationary or mobile sections and with each other; a system of devices for installing, if necessary, bunkers with mechanized gates and a control system. 6. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport unloading section with a feeder is mobile and has a frame with a running gear and guide rollers; frame with fastenings on it of insulated enclosing structures, creating a closed volume heated by air; a hopper, the rear wall of which is a hinged tray, with a lifting and lowering mechanism, for components unloaded from vehicles; universal feeder with interchangeable pairs of folding beaters; a docking device for docking with a transverse conveyor; stone trap and trolley. 7. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that each trolley with a feeder or a container for transporting root crops, bulk cargo, earth mixtures, composts when using the ring conveyor as a vehicle or dispenser is equipped with sensors for individual dosing of components grouped in a sensor of the operating modes of the truck conveyor, and equipped with contact devices for interacting with equipment elements of the control system of the flow line of the unit, consisting of a mode switching work carriage conveyor comprising a stepped column with combs of stacked plates and electromagnetic elements, contactor, copiers for turning on and off the leash tipping trolley and limit switches mounted compact or dispersed depending on the target technology. 8. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the universal dispenser of the individual component dispensing section, mounted on the feed hopper, has a rotor with cells, the walls of which are formed from trapezoidal blades, and the dispenser body is in the form of a truncated cone with a transition the upper section, equipped with a curtain moving along the rotor axis using the drive control mechanism, connected to the moving rear wall of the hopper, providing the desired predetermined volume of the dosed material due to a given rotation angle ota rotor driven in rotation by a drive gear mounted on the longitudinal axis of the drive rotor in accordance with the comb sensor individual dosage dialed with the necessary number of teeth, which is mounted on a carriage and moves together with it along the guide rails. 9. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for automated individual dosing of components mounted on a trolley includes an individual dosing sensor consisting of a housing, in the lower part of which there are coaxial shafts with cams and handles fixed to them or a drive, receiving an impulse from an automation system, and in the upper one there are cells for movable teeth of a comb comb, which are equipped in the lower part with a contact device with a spring pressing it to the cam; mode sensor, recruited from individual batching sensors, in the form of a multifaceted rotor that rotates around an axis using a shaft with a gear at one end, fixed in movable bearings on the vertical guides of the trolley. 10. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the unloading unit consists of a cylindrical body with a screw guide groove and upper holding guides; receiving hopper with feeder; a fan; cyclone; devices for creating an air curtain at the ends; air supply and exhaust systems; nozzles for mechanical cleaning of trolley containers and, if necessary, for heat and sanitary treatment of the latter - a heater. 11. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual mixer consists of a housing with guides for vertical movement of the electric motor with nozzles for mixing the contents of the containers of the carts and the mechanism for lowering and lifting nozzles, consisting of a lever system, an electromagnetic actuator with a pulse system taken from the drive gear of the comb sensor for individual dosing of components. 12. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the stationary harvester of root crops, ensuring the accuracy of the process, is equipped with an elevator device with a cabin-hopper on rollers and a mechanism for securing and lifting the container, using a drive and traverse with guides for further horizontal movement of the cabin with the pusher into the tipper, equipped with a drive and guides for subsequent movement of the cabin, after turning 180 ° and releasing the container from the contents, the operation is clean ki and sanitization of the container, followed by returning the cab to the tipper, and then after turning the tipper 180 °, returning the cab to the guiding traverses, lowering it and moving the container further to the operation of loading the container from the container with a cultivator freed from root crops in the screen and soil contamination with fertilizer introduced into it, coming from the hopper with a feeder into a container with a cultivator or into an aggregate spreading unit of composts and fertilizers, which consists of inertia feeders type, where the necessary portion of fertilizer comes from the hopper with the help of a dispenser-dispenser and is transferred to a cell attached to this fertilizer with a hopper, dispenser, vertical movement mechanism; a metering drive and openers located at a distance equal to the distance between the rows of plants; and the crop of root tubers from a sieve screen, separated from the soil mixture, is fed into a sorting tray equipped with bunkers with universal dispensers and installed above the line for transporting and distributing the crop. 13. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit for planting potatoes and sowing vegetables is stationary, having a frame with seed bins, equipped with mechanized gates, guides for moving containers, guides for vertical movement of the sowing unit, consisting of an upper copying machine plates with nests for seeds, a lower copying plate - a gate, standardized stacked frames - fixed and movable, with fixed on a fixed - standardized screw-type coulters, equipped with a lever the mechanism of limiting vertical movement in contact with the edges of the frame, which regulates the depth of immersion of the coulters in the substrate using a scale, and the seeds are fed to the copying board and removed using a seed distributor, feed hopper, mechanized shutter, elevator mounted on a frame with rollers moving along guides and with the help of a transborder carriage are installed in a section set according to technology for sowing a particular plant, and the number of sections is determined by the method om sowing and planting plants and the size of the seeds, affecting the cutting of the copy board. 14. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the mini-greenhouse, movable on rollers along the guides, consists of a container mounted on a frame that acts as an air box with a valve and with docking devices at the ends, and provided with double walls over the entire surface a container that closes on top with a translucent cap with double walls, an injection valve and sealing devices. 15. KSU-BIS according to claim 1, characterized in that the stationary building and technological section consists of technological sections of the line inherent in this building section, sets of technological equipment, nodes and parts of the docking with technological elements and utilities, mating sections, and panels building structures are equipped with embedded parts, assemblies, fasteners and communication elements inherent in this section, possibly installed in the factory.

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