RU2154939C1 - Rabbit growing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: individual and/or commercial rabbit breeding. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing independent contacts between rabbit male and female pairs in the process of cage keeping; providing catch systems allowing young rabbits to be isolated from their parents and providing access of male rabbits to female rabbits; removing young rabbits upon reaching of age sufficient for realization through openable end door of outer cage section. Apparatus has sectioned cage unit equipped with catch system allowing young rabbits to be isolated from grown up rabbits. Cage for male rabbits is mounted for displacement along cages for keeping female rabbits. In each such block, cage for male rabbit is arranged in the center. Cages for female rabbits are equipped with movable and rotary partition walls allowing grown up rabbits to be readily moved from cages through end door of outer cage section. Such construction and method allow rabbit growing process in farm to be intensified to optimum extent, timely feed and water supplying, as well as excretions collection and removal to be performed. All mentioned processes are effectuated by means of up-to-date equipment, with the principle of colonial life existence of rabbits under natural habitat conditions being taken into account. EFFECT: increased efficiency, reduced keeping costs and decreased labour consumption. 9 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in individual and / or industrial rabbit breeding.

 Known methods for the cell cultivation of rabbits, including feeding and drinking, organizing rabbits' rabbits and nests, feeding rabbits and selling rabbits for reproduction, meat and skin (see Minin I.S. How to breed rabbits. - M .: Kolos. - 1972; Rabbit breeding / Guide for the farm manager. - M.: State Publishing House of Agricultural Literature. - 1955. -P.94-116; Agricultural Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1973. T. 4. - P. 1245-1248).

 Known methods can create good conditions for keeping animals at high levels of labor, which are associated with a significant proportion of manual labor in the process of caring for rabbits, which in turn makes it difficult to intensify the development of rabbit breeding as an agricultural industry.

 The closest analogue to the proposed method is a method of growing rabbits, in which feeding and drinking are carried out, organizing rabbits' rabbits and bunnies, fattening rabbits and selling rabbits for reproduction, meat and skin (see RF Patent N 2027355, IPC A 01 K 1/02 , 1995).

 In this method, the rabbits after they reach a certain age are moved to the nursery compartment, shared by a partition into two sections. At the same time, as well as the methods described above, all operations on weaning are rabbits and moving them to the outgrowth department is done by hand, which can lead to various injuries and illnesses. The baby rabbits from the cage are produced similarly.

 Numerous devices are known for growing rabbits, both indicated in the above sources and in the following sources: auth. USSR N 782773, IPC A 01 K 1/02, 1980; RF patents N 2097967, IPC A 01 K 1/02, 1997; N 2114528, IPC A 01 K 1/02, 07/10/1998; N 2142224, IPC A 01 K 1/02, 12/10/1999; Zhivchikov N.I. and others. Small mechanization on the plot. - M .: Agropromizdat. - 1986.-C. 109-113).

 The closest analogue to the claimed device for implementing the method is the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2027355, IPC A 01 K 1/02, 1995.

 In the known device, a multi-tier cage construction is used, in which, to simplify the conditions for rabbit service personnel by creating various capacitive feeders for grass, hay, compound feeds, and liquid drinkers, it is also proposed to collect urine and excrement into a storage tank equipped with natural ventilation and located under the floor of the cage in order to accumulate manure. The nesting compartment has a stationary design and communicates with the cell using a valve. The disadvantages of the design of the bunk cage for rabbits include the following.

 In the known device, it is proposed to use a valve in the nesting compartment to separate the male from the female or the female from the rabbits, followed by their catch and carrying by maintenance personnel to other rooms, which entails significant manual labor costs and contributes to the emergence of stressful conditions in animals.

 The known device for collecting urine and excrement does not allow preserving the physiologically determined manufacturability of rabbit droppings having a moisture content of 12-15%, because when mixed with urine, it turns into dung with high humidity. This entails problems with its transportation, storage and disposal. This problem is aggravated when manure is removed from the drive at low temperatures, since it will inevitably freeze not only in the collection tank, but also on the walls of the collection collector, which entails a lot of manual labor. It should also be noted that in a number of countries there are already serious restrictions on the use of manure as soil fertilizer.

 In connection with the foregoing, we can say that the proposed design does not go beyond the traditional methods of keeping rabbits and, while maintaining the extensive dynamics of the development of rabbit breeding, does not impede the introduction of modern livestock breeding equipment and technology in rabbit breeding.

 The objective of the invention is the intensification of rabbit breeding, reducing costs and labor costs in industrial breeding of rabbits.

 This problem is solved by the fact that according to the proposed method of raising rabbits, including feeding and drinking, as well as organizing the incidents of at least one rabbit, which is carried out by regulating autonomous contacts with the male when keeping it in a cage with a valve system, then after mating the female is transferred to the nesting department, where they are okrolled, followed by keeping the rabbits with rabbits until the last 15 days of age, after which the rabbits are temporarily insulated for no more than an hour, they are isolated the nest, and the female is allowed to mate, while on the 30th day the rabbits are weaned from the rabbits and moved to the growth compartment, and then to the growing section of the rabbit’s section using movably-turning partitions, when the rabbits reach the age necessary for the realization of the rabbits, they are removed from cells through the opening end wall of the extreme compartment of the cell. In this case, the organization of rabbits' rabbits and bunnies is carried out by keeping them in cages grouped in blocks in such a way that the mating cage with four compartments occupies a central position during mating and is associated with four uterine compartments of female cages arranged in two in parallel rows with the possibility of regulation autonomous contacts of males with females through a valve system.

 The proposed method for the cellular maintenance of rabbits is fundamentally different from the currently used methods. The basis of this method is the biological feature of the existence of rabbits in nature, by colonies.

 A device for implementing the method of growing rabbits according to the invention contains at least one cage with drinking bowls, feeders and a uterine compartment communicated by means of a manhole and a valve with a socket, which is communicated by a similar hole and a valve with a section for rabbits, divided by movably-turning partitions into several branches, for example, outgrowth and growing. In a preferred embodiment, each movable-rotary partition of the rabbit section is installed in a longitudinal slot made in the roof of the cage using a ball joint, a retainer and an arm. Each movable and rotary partition of the rabbit section can also be installed in slots made in the side walls using a hinge, a latch, and an arm.

 The extreme compartment has an end opening wall that can be mounted with the possibility of opening either down, or up, or to the side. The uterine compartment, nest and section for rabbits have technological doors, while the doors of the uterine compartment and sections for rabbits are made in the rear of the cage. A grid is placed obliquely under the cage floor, on top of which a pallet is installed at an angle and with a gap to it for passage of feces, and a second pallet is mounted under the grid, located below the plane of the first pallet.

 In this case, the uterine compartment for the female has an input groove with a valve that is aligned during mating with a similar groove with a valve of the male cage, which has at least one compartment and is installed with the possibility of moving along the cage with the female.

 The male cage can be mounted either on a cart or on a feed conveyor, or on any other moving vehicle, and has several compartments for males.

A diagram of the implementation of the method by the device is shown in the drawings, where
in FIG. 1 shows a cage for keeping rabbits, top view;
in FIG. 2 - the same side view;
in FIG. 3 - the same, view from the extreme compartment.

 A device for growing rabbits consists of a cage 1 made of several compartments. The uterine compartment 2 is designed to accommodate the female, compartment 3 is for the nest (nesting compartment). The cage has a section with compartments 4, 5 and 6 to accommodate rabbits, respectively, as they mature. The compartments 2, 3 and 4 are interconnected by grooves with valves 7 and 8. The compartments 2 and socket 3 have technological doors 9 and 10. Between the compartments 4, 5 and 6, movable-rotary partitions 11 and 12 are mounted, and the compartment 6 has an end-folding hinged wall 13.

 The volume of the compartments 4, 5 and 6 is regulated by the longitudinal movement of the partitions 11 and 12 to the reclining wall 13. This is ensured by the presence of a mechanism (ball joints with clamps and brackets) for their fastening in the slot 14 made in the roof 15 of cell 1 from socket 3 to the end walls 13. The slot can be made in the side walls of the cell, and the partitions 11 and 12 are mounted in them using a hinge (for example horizontal), a latch and a bracket. Under the bottom 16 of cell 1, a grid 17 is mounted at an angle to it, the lower part of which is solid. A pan 18 is installed at the top of the net at an approximately right angle and with a gap to it, and a second pallet 19 is installed below the plane of the first pallet 18. This arrangement of the net and pallets makes it possible to separate urine from feces. The compartment 6 may have a slightly larger volume, in particular due to the length than the compartments 4 and 5, and it provides for the installation of a similar movable-rotary partition (not shown in the drawings), which can be placed along the longitudinal axis of the cell, thus dividing compartment 6 into two parts necessary for keeping, for example, heterosexual individuals. In this case, feeders and drinking bowls are installed on the back of compartment 6, and on the front side there is a door or a hole with a latch.

 The cage 20 is designed for the male (s) and has a valve (or valves) 21. This cage can be moved either on a trolley or by means of a conveyor 22. The feed is fed to the feeders 23 by a conveyor 22. The animals are provided with drinking water 24 connected to the pipeline 25.

 Cells can be installed in parallel rows (blocks) of several cells in a row (block), forming between themselves a technological passage 26 for moving the cart or conveyor 22. The uterine compartment has a valve 27 installed in the groove.

 To carry out cleaning of the uterine compartment and nests, technological doors 9 and 10 are used, respectively. Technological doors 28 and 29 are made in compartments 4 and 5. For such work, opening covers can be made in the cell compartments.

 Cage 20 is intended for the male (s) - in rabbit practice it is advisable to have a male understudy along with the main producer. The male (males) is selected for four females located in the uterine compartments of 2 cells 1 in accordance with the plan of incidents, and if it is fulfilled, it may be among the females selected for it during the expected period of use or move directly to one of the four compartments 30 of its cage 20 along the process passage 26 to other blocks along them. This undoubtedly simplifies the staff’s work on accounting and moving animals, reduces the stress loads experienced by rabbits when they are caught and carried (this method allows animals to independently choose a place for breeding after opening the valves 21 and 27 separating the uterine compartment 2 cells 1 and the compartment 20 cells, in accordance with their biological characteristics).

 The growing method proposed by the invention makes it possible to have a flexible technological scheme at all stages of rabbit breeding. First of all, it should be noted that the mating of the male (males) with four females of the block can be carried out within several hours, while the possibility of moving cell 20 with the male (males) along the blocks of cells 1 allows any combination to be made, combining four valves 21, if necessary, located on both sides of the mobile cage 20 with valves 27 on the four uterine compartments 2 cells 1 females in accordance with the plan of incidents. Further, after deposition of the male, the females are located for 30 days in the uterine departments 2 and nests 3.

 After carrying out the rounds, when the rabbits reach the age of 15 days, the cell 20 is again connected by technological grooves with the grooves in the uterine departments 2 for another mating. When the rabbits reach 20 days of age, along with an open valve between the uterine compartment 2 and nest 3, a valve 8 opens between nest 3 and compartments 4 and 5 (in this case, young rabbits from the first seasonal round can move from nest 3 to the uterine compartment 2 and departments 4 and 5). During this period, water and extruded compound feed begin to be fed into drinking bowls 24 and feeders 23 located in compartments 4 and 5, which makes it possible for rabbits, who have baby teeth during this period, to eat feed in compartments 4 and 5 and, thus, gradually - over 10 days, adapt to the conditions of independent living in these departments.

 The two partitions 11 and 12 separating the compartments 4 and 5 are movably rotary. The device for fastening and moving these partitions allows you to move them along the guide slot 14 in the roof 15, made along the entire length from the socket 3 to the end folding wall 13 of the compartment 6. Structurally, the fastening mechanism of the movable partitions 11 and 12 allows you to move them along the space of the compartments 4, 5 and 6 using brackets 31, and also due to the presence of the hinge 32 rotation (rise) of the lower edge relative to the axis of attachment of the upper edge of the plane of the partition. This, in turn, allows you to change the volume of departments 4,5 and 6 and thus carry out the formation of living space for animals in accordance with the zootechnical situation.

 So in accordance with the proposed invention, when the rabbits reach the age of 30 days, the valve 7 is closed between the nest 3 and the compartment 2, after which the female having 15 days of pregnancy is separated from the rabbits. After another 5 days, the valve 8 is closed between socket 3 and compartment 4, which makes it possible to disinfect the socket and, having prepared it for the female, open the valve 7 between socket 3 and the uterine compartment 2.

 At the time of birth, the second rabbit rabbits from the first rabbit are 1.5 months old and are located in sections 4 and 5, and the movable partition 11 separating sections 4 and 5 is raised and is in a plane parallel to the plane of the roof 15 so that its lower the edge is fixed at the junction of the cell roof with the wall of the nest. The movable partition 12 is also in a horizontal position, and its lower edge is fixed along the dividing line of departments 4 and 5.

 When the first rabbit reaches the age of 65 days, the lower edge of the partition 11 is lowered, moving beyond the arm of the bracket to the border of departments 4 and 5, i.e. to the partition 12 fixed in this place in the horizontal position, the rabbits, under the influence of the moving partition 11, run into compartments 5 and 6, after which the lower edge of the partition 12 is lowered and, moving in a vertical plane close to the parallel partition 11, becomes at the border offices 4 and 5, after which the partition 11 returns to its original horizontal position.

 For those who have reached the age of 20 days, the second rabbit rabbits open a valve between nest 3 and compartment 4, and after 10 days (at the age of 1 month) it closes for them, and the rabbits remain in compartment 4. At this moment, the rabbit is 15 days after the third mating, and the first rabbit rabbits, located in departments 5 and 6, are 75 days old. During this period, it is possible to carry out the selection of repair young animals among the first rabbit rabbits. Sorting of rabbits intended for fattening by sex in this invention is not recommended due to the significant labor costs arising from this procedure in large rabbit farms.

 When the animals reach the age of 3-3.5 months, the rabbits kept according to the technology proposed in this invention and whose feeding was organized on the basis of diets balanced according to the main nutrients, have a live weight of 4.2-4.5 kg and are sold for slaughter. In the event of a malfunction in the process of removing rabbits from compartment 6, using the partition mounted in it, it is divided into two parts. The same technique is used when it is necessary to keep a group of animals up to the age of 120 days and separated by sex.

 According to this method, this happens as follows.

 For transporting rabbits to the slaughter site, it is proposed to use mesh transport cells with transverse dimensions similar to the size of block cells.

 In this case, the end walls of the transport cells are made in the form of latches moving in a vertical plane in the grooves.

 The end walls of the outgrowth departments 5 and 6 of the cell block, where rabbits intended for sale are located, which have reached the age of three months, are similarly manufactured. The removal of rabbits from compartments 5 and 6 occurs after the end walls (valves) are joined together, after which the valves are lifted and secured with cotter pins in the extreme open position. The rabbits move from compartments 5 and 6 to the transport cage under the influence of the movable partition 12 moved by using the bracket (manually). After moving all the animals into the transport cage, the ends of the cage of the block and transport closure, the movable partition 12 is moved to the horizontal position and moves all the way to a vertically located partition 11, separating the separation zone 4 with rabbits reaching the age of 1.5 months and the separation zone 5, after which the cycle of movement is repeated.

 Structurally, it is proposed to manufacture a block of cells 1 using modern technological equipment. A washer conveyor 22 is proposed as a distribution mechanism. In the left row of the block are shown the feed feeders 23 installed in the habitats of the rabbits (compartments 2, 4-6 of Fig. 1), connected by gravity pipes to the conveyor 22, and shortened options are installed in four compartments of the females feeders.

 Using the invention allows to optimally build and intensify the technological process for raising rabbits on farms, to use modern technology for distributing feed, watering and collecting excrement during the colonial existence of rabbits in the conditions of their natural habitat, and at the same time reduce costs and labor costs.

Claims (9)

 1. A method of raising rabbits, including feeding and watering, organizing spells and okrils of at least one rabbit, which is carried out by regulating autonomous contacts with the male when keeping her in a cage with manholes with latches, then after mating the female is transferred to the nesting compartment in which the rabbits are bled, followed by keeping the rabbits with rabbits until the last 15 days of age, after which the rabbits are temporarily, no more than an hour, isolated in the nest, and the female is allowed to mate, with 30 d The rabbits are weaned from the rabbits and moved to the growth compartment, and then to the growing section of the rabbit’s section using movably-turning partitions, when the rabbits reach the age necessary for the realization of the rabbits, they are removed from the cage through the opening end wall of the outermost compartment of the cage.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the organization of rabbits' rabbits and bunnies is performed by keeping them in cages grouped in blocks so that the mating cell with four compartments occupies a central position during mating and is associated with four uterine cages females arranged in two in parallel rows with the possibility of regulating the autonomous contacts of males with females through a valve system.  3. The device for growing rabbits contains at least one cage with drinking bowls, feeders and the uterine compartment, communicated by means of a manhole and a valve with a socket, which is communicated by a similar hole and a valve with a section for rabbits, divided by movable-rotary partitions into several compartments , for example, outgrowth and growing, while the end compartment has an end opening wall, while the uterine compartment for the female has an inlet groove with a valve that is aligned during mating with a similar groove with a valve oh cells for male, having at least one compartment and configured to move along the female cells.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each movable-rotary partition of the section for rabbits is installed in the longitudinal slot made in the roof of the cage with the help of a ball joint, a retainer and an arm.  5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each movable-rotary partition of the rabbit section is installed in the slots made in the side machines using a hinge, a latch and an arm.  6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a grid is placed obliquely under the floor of the cage, on top of which a pallet is installed at an angle and with a gap to it, and a second pallet is mounted under the grid, located below the plane of the first pallet.  7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cage for the male is mounted either on the trolley or on the conveyor for distributing feed and has several compartments for males.  8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening wall of the end compartment of the rabbit section is mounted with the possibility of opening down, or up, or to the side.  9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the uterine compartment, nest and section for rabbits have technological doors, while the doors of the uterine compartment and sections for rabbits are made in the rear of the cage.

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