RU2239979C1 - Fiber flax harvesting method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves pulling flax stalks and simultaneously combing out seed cases or pulling flax stalks without combing out seed cases; spreading flax in strip onto ridge apexes transverse to aeration channels formed longitudinally of harvester advancement direction above soil surface; subjecting stalks to additional air filtering by spreading stalks on ridges with aeration channels extending transverse to harvester advancement direction, said directions being offset with respect to one another.

EFFECT: reduced harvesting time and improved quality of product manufactured from fiber flax.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the field of mechanization of flax harvesting.

There is a known method of harvesting flax flax, including flailing flax with simultaneous stripping of seed bolls or without it and spread the stems in a ribbon along the flax (see the book by G.A. Khailis, N.N. Bykov, V.N. Bukharkin and others. " Flax harvesting machines. "-M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1985.-232 p., P.6 ... 10).

The disadvantage of this method of harvesting flax flax is that the spread of ribbons from the stems of flax is carried out on the surface of the flax. The tapes spread out over the flax dry out poorly and unevenly due to the lack of conditions for their ventilation. In this case, the tape is almost windproof. The tapes obtained by harvesting high-yielding flax dry out even worse, since the conditions for ventilation of thick tapes are even worse. With such a spread of tapes, when the stems are located on the surface of the flax, there is only horizontal air filtration, which leads to drying of only the upper layer of the tape.

In recent years, when highly effective herbicides have been used to reduce the weediness of flax crops, tapes are spread on flax, which is almost grassy, i.e. the lower layer of stems is in contact with the soil. Therefore, the lower layer of stems in the tape rot in some places (especially in rainy weather), reducing the yield and quality of the fiber.

In addition, the low efficiency of horizontal air filtration and the practical absence of its vertical filtration in the stalk layer when spreading flax ribbons along the flax leads to a significant lengthening of time and uneven ripening of seeds in seed bolls according to the thickness of the stalk layer with two-phase (separate) harvesting technology, and in rainy weather, the seeds in the seed boxes germinate, which leads to their death.

A known method of harvesting flax flax (a.s.SSSR No. 1692348, class A 01 D 45/06, 1991, prototype), including pulling flax and spreading stems along the flax across the aeration channels that form over the soil surface by forming ridges and furrows in the longitudinal direction relative to the movement of the unit.

The disadvantage of this method of harvesting flax flax is that in the aeration channels formed in the longitudinal direction relative to the movement of the aggregate and closed from above with a layer of flax stalks, horizontal and vertical air filtration through the stalk layer is small due to air stagnation in the aeration channels. Aeration channels, closed by a strip of stems spread out on the crests across the channels, are almost impenetrable due to the lack of air movement in them, and the thicker the flax tape, the more unsatisfactory and uneven the process of drying the stems and ripening of seeds in seed boxes.

The problem solved by this invention is to develop a method for harvesting flax flax, providing the intensity and uniformity of the drying process by the thickness of the layer of stems or ripening of seeds in seed boxes on stems in ribbons.

The object of the invention is solved by providing conditions for a method for harvesting flax flax, including pulling stalks of flax with or without stripping of seed bolls and spreading stalks of flax into a tape on the tops of the ridges across the aeration channels formed in the direction longitudinal relative to the movement of the aggregate above the soil surface providing additional air filtration of the stems, which consists in the formation in the ridges of aeration channels transverse to the movement of the aggregate displaced relative to each other.

Due to the presence of aeration channels formed in the ridges in the transverse direction relative to the movement of the aggregate, relative to each other, in the aeration channels formed in the longitudinal direction relative to the movement of the aggregate and above the soil surface, air flow occurs, which provides a good two-way (above and below the stalk layer ) air exchange in the layer of flax stems. This circumstance contributes to the intensive and uniform process of drying the layer of flax stalks by its thickness and the ripening of seeds in seed boxes on stems in ribbons.

The claimed method of harvesting flax flax is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a section of flax with aeration channels formed in the longitudinal and transverse to the movement of the unit direction above the soil surface, side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view; figure 3 is the same, view a in figure 1; figure 4 - flax harvesting unit for implementing the proposed method of harvesting flax flax, side view; figure 5 is the same, a top view; figure 6 is a section along aa in figure 5; Fig.7 is a section along BB in Fig.5; Fig.8 is a section along BB in Fig.5.

The method of harvesting flax flax includes the following operations:

- pulling flax stems with simultaneous stripping of seed bolls or without it;

- spread the stalks of flax into the tape on the tops of the ridges across the aeration channels formed in the longitudinal direction relative to the movement of the aggregate and above the soil surface, and in the ridges formed aeration channels in the transverse direction relative to the movement of the aggregate, offset relative to each other.

Harvesting flax flax according to the proposed method is as follows.

Flax is pulled with simultaneous stripping of seed bolls (with a flax harvester) or without it (with a flax harvester with a cut-off apparatus or flax chopper turned off) and the stems are spread in a tape along the flax on the tops of the ridges across the aeration channels formed in the direction longitudinal above the soil surface in relation to the aggregate movement. The presence of aeration channels formed in the ridges in the transverse direction relative to the movement of the aggregate and offset relative to each other, provides air flow in all aeration channels and intensive air exchange in the layer of flax stems. This speeds up the process of drying the stems, ensuring its uniformity in the thickness of the layer or the ripening of seeds in seed boxes on stems in ribbons.

The process of formation of ridges and, accordingly, longitudinal and transverse aeration channels, spaced ribbons of stems on the ridges combined.

The proposed method of harvesting flax flax can be carried out, for example, using the device shown in Fig.4-8.

The flax harvesting unit includes a tractor 1, a flax harvester (or a flax harvester for two-phase harvesting of flax flax) 2 with a disconnecting stripper 3 and a spreader 4, a container 5 for collecting flax flax.

For the formation of aeration channels longitudinal 6 and transverse 7 relative to the direction of movement of the unit above the surface of the flax on the frame 8 of the flax harvester mounted channel former located in front of the laying device 4.

The channel former comprises a beam 9 mounted on the frame 8 of the flax harvester (or flax grinder) 2, with working bodies located on it for forming (cutting) ridges made, for example, in the form of paws 10 of a cultivator-hiller (see the book by B.G. Turbin and other "Agricultural machines". - L.: Mechanical Engineering, 1967, p.88). A mechanism for sealing ridges is mounted on beam 11 of the channeling machine, comprising a hinged suspension with mounted rolling ring wedge-shaped rollers 12 (see the book by N.I. Klenin, V.A.Sakun "Agricultural and land reclamation machines" - M .: Kolos, 1980 , p.101, Fig. 83, c), rigidly fixed on the axis 13, which in turn is mounted on bearing bearings with the possibility of free rotation. Each roller 12 is provided with protrusions 14 for forming transverse aeration channels 7 in the ridges. The protrusions 14 on the rollers are offset relative to each other. The step between the transverse aeration channels 7 in the ridges is determined by the outer diameter of the rollers 12 or the number of protrusions 14 in them.

To enable the legs 10 to be set to a predetermined depth, locking bolts 15 are provided, and for changing the pitch between the legs 10, the brackets 16 are movable along the beam 9 (for simplicity, the brackets 16 are shown in simplified form). The pitch of the wedge-shaped rollers 12 can be changed by installing spacers 17 of the appropriate size. To ensure the specified sealing force of the ridges, the mechanism has springs 18. The frame 8 of the flax harvester is moved to the transport (working) position by the hydraulic system of the tractor 1.

Flax harvesting unit operates as follows.

Before starting the operation of the unit, the paws 10 are set to a predetermined depth. To do this, unscrew the bolts 15, the legs 10 move (down go up) along the grooves of the brackets 16 and are again fixed with bolts 15. Depending on the length of the stems, by moving the brackets 16 along the beam 9 and fixing them in a new position, the distance between the legs 10 for cutting the ridges is set . By selecting the spacer sleeves 17, a predetermined spacing of the wedge-shaped rollers 12 is established, and by selecting the springs 18, the crest compaction force is established. The hydraulic system of the tractor 1 frame 8 of the flax harvester with the channel former located on it is transferred to the lower (working) position. When the unit moves along the field, the flax harvester 2 pulls the flax and combes the seed boxes with stems with a combing machine 3. The carved stems are fed to the spreader 4, and the flax is collected in the container 5. Simultaneously with the flax pulling during the movement of the unit, the channel-forming mechanism located in front of the spreader 4 also comes into operation. forming transverse aeration channels displaced relative to each other in ridges by projections 14. From the spreading device 4, the tape of the stems, having strong mechanical bonds of the stems due to their adhesion and confusion with each other, is spread on the tops of the densified ridges with transverse aeration channels 7 formed in them.

If two-phase flax flax harvesting technology is used, in which flax is pulled and the strips are stripped without sowing seed bolls on the tops of the ridges, flax tillers are used, and the stripper 3 is turned off in the flax harvesters and the flax heap collecting tank 5 is disconnected.

The proposed method of harvesting flax flax due to the presence of transverse aeration channels 7 in the ridges provides bilateral (bottom and top of the stalk layer) horizontal and vertical air filtration, which increases the intensity and uniformity of drying processes along the thickness of the stalk layer, as well as the maturation of seeds in seed boxes on stems in ribbons. This provides a reduction in harvesting time and improving the quality of flax products (fiber and seeds).

Claims (1)

A method of harvesting flax flax, including pulling stalks of flax with or without stripping of seed bolls and spreading stalks of flax into a tape on the tops of the ridges across the aeration channels formed in the longitudinal direction relative to the movement of the aggregate above the soil surface, characterized in that the stems are subjected to additional air filtering by spreading them on ridges with aeration channels formed in them in the transverse direction relative to the movement of the unit, offset relative to each other a.

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