RU2561529C1 - Method of harvesting linen flax - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of harvesting linen flax comprises pulling of each process flow of stems, flattening of stems in each process flow, formation of band from them, stripping and subsequent spreading of the band of stems on linen. The degree of flattening of stems is adjusted for each process flow, and the band formation is carried out so that the degree of flattening of stems is decreased to the upper surface of the spread layer.

EFFECT: use of the present invention enables to create a structure of the band of stems of linen flax, providing improved uniformity of technological properties of stems on the band thickness.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used when harvesting flax flax.

A known method of harvesting flax flax (Hailis G.A. Flax harvesting machines / G.A. Hailis, N.N. Bykov and others. - M .: Mechanical engineering. - 1985. - S. 6-7), including pulling stems, forming them into a ribbon, tow of seed bolls and spread the ribbons on a linen for aging in the trust.

The main disadvantage of this method of harvesting flax flax is the presence of two types of heterogeneity of the technological properties of the resulting flax, namely, the length of the stems and between the stems along the thickness of the tape. The increased heterogeneity of the properties, especially in terms of maturation, significantly reduces the quality and quantity of the shredded flax fiber produced from such flax trusts.

The heterogeneity of the technological properties along the length of the stems is due to differences in the effects of the working bodies of harvesting machines on different sections of the stems along their length during pulling and towing. The main mechanical damage (flattening) is received by the part of the stem along the length, which interacts with the belts of the top-lifting apparatus and the clamping conveyor. During the aging of raw materials in cyclic drying and dew humidification processes, the flattened parts of the stems significantly increase the intensity of changes in humidity and maceration, which leads to heterogeneous properties along the length of the stems.

The heterogeneity of the technological properties between the stems along the thickness of the tape is associated with the peculiarities of the cyclic processes of radiation-convective field drying of the stems and their dew moistening along the thickness of the layer. Due to these features, consisting in a one-sided supply of heat and moisture from the surface of the tape, the rate of change in moisture of the stems and their maceration over the thickness of the tape is also uneven.

Known methods for harvesting flax flax (A.S. USSR No. 1658878, class A01D 45/06, 1989; Pat. RF No. 2139837, class A01D 45/06, 1998), including pulling stems, forming them into a ribbon, flattening , tow and spread the ribbons on the flax.

The main disadvantages of the known methods of harvesting flax for the previously mentioned reasons are significant differences in the technological properties of the stems in the thickness of the tape.

A known method of harvesting flax and flax harvester for its implementation (Pat. RF №2171564, CL A01D 45/06, 2000, prototype). A known method of harvesting flax flax includes the following operations: pulping of each technological flow of flax stems, flattening of each technological flow of stalks grown, formation of individual flattened technological flow of stems into a ribbon, flattening of the formed ribbon of flax stems, tow of seed boxes from the stems and spreading the ribbon along the linen for expiration in the trust.

The main disadvantage of this method of harvesting flax flax is also the significant differences in the technological properties of the stems in the thickness of the tape. This is due to the fact that due to the destruction of the structure of the stems, the porosity of the tape decreases, respectively, the processes associated with heat transfer and moisture exchange of the material with the air change. Differences in the intensity of drying and moistening of the upper and lower layers of the stems in the tape increase, which due to differences in humidity cause differences in the course of biochemical processes in the thickness of the tape. With an increase in the thickness of the tape, differences in moisture between the upper and lower layers of the stems in the tape during dew moistening increase, since due to the destruction of the structure, the flattened stems of the upper layer accumulate a greater amount of water. When moistening raw materials with rainfall sediments, the upper layers of flattened stems inhibit the drying of the lower layers, which especially negatively affects the latter when their capillary contact with the soil is formed.

All this affects the differences in the technological properties of flax stalks and leads to a decrease in the yield of scruffy fiber during the primary processing of raw materials.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for harvesting flax flax, which allows to increase the uniformity of the main technological properties of stalks of flax flax on the thickness of the tape.

The technical result consists in creating the structure of the tape of the stems of flax flax, spread on the flax to obtain flax, providing increased uniformity of technological properties of the stems along the thickness of the tape.

The objective of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of harvesting flax flax, including pulling of each technological flow of stems, flattening the stems in each technological stream, forming from them a tape, tow and subsequent spreading of the ribbon of stalks along the linen, the degree of flattening of the stems is regulated for each technological flow, and the formation of the tape is carried out so that the degree of flattening of the stems is reduced to the upper surface of the spread layer.

In the claimed method for harvesting flax flax, the location of the stems with a higher moisture exchange rate as they move away from the source of drying and dew humidification will provide a more uniform distribution of moisture over the thickness of the tape, which in turn will increase the uniformity of the flow of biochemical processes and increase the uniformity of the technological properties of the stems along the thickness of the tape.

The method of harvesting flax flax includes the following operations:

- pulling of each technological flow of stems;

- flattening stems with regulation of the degree of flattening in each process stream;

- forming from the stems of the tape so that the degree of flattening of the stems is reduced to the upper surface of the spread layer;

- tow of seed boxes of ribbon stems;

- spread the ribbons of stems along the flax.

The claimed method of harvesting flax flax is implemented, for example, using a flax harvester (Pat. RF No. 2171564, CL A01D 45/06, 2000) and is as follows.

Each technological flow of stems is harvested, controlled conditioning of each technological flow of cultivated stems by flatting rollers is carried out (the degree of differentiation of flattening processes depends on specific conditions and is determined experimentally), after which a ribbon is formed from the flattened technological flows of the stems. The addition of the flattened technological flows of the stems is carried out in such a way that, when the tape is spread on the linen, the degree of flattening of the stems decreases to the upper surface of the spread tape. This is followed by the stripping of seed bolls and spread the ribbons of the stems along the linen for aging in the trust. The resulting trust, due to a more uniform course of biochemical processes, has an increased uniformity of the main technological properties, which will result in increased yield and quality of scuffed fiber during processing.

Claims (1)

A method of harvesting flax flax, including pulling of each technological flow of stems, flattening the stems in each technological flow, forming from them a tape, tow and subsequent spreading of the ribbon of stems along the linen, characterized in that the degree of flattening of the stems is regulated for each technological flow, and the formation of the ribbon carried out so that the degree of flattening of the stems decreased to the upper surface of the spread layer.