RU2300865C1 - Method for preparing of seeds for sowing process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, process which may be used in plant growing for preparing of farm crop seeds such as buckwheat for sowing process.

SUBSTANCE: method involves wetting seeds with water having temperature of 25 C during 10 min at seeds to water ratio of 2:1; processing in microwave field having power of 180 W, exposure time of 30-90 s with final seed temperature of 29.0-34.8 C.

EFFECT: improved sowing and phytosanitary properties of seeds owing to disinfection thereof in microwave field.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in crop production for preparing seeds of agricultural crops for sowing, for example buckwheat.

Despite the fact that studies on the disinfection of seeds from microflora have been ongoing for a long time, this issue has not been resolved so far and in recent years it has become the most relevant.

A known method of seed treatment (ed. St. USSR No. 1655326, A01C 1/08, 1987), comprising pre-heating the seeds and water to 25-30 ° C, moistening the seeds to a moisture content of 21%, disinfecting the seeds in an electromagnetic field and drying them in an electromagnetic field with a directing field half as small with an adsorbent heated to 45-50 ° C.

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity, as well as the lack of information about the infection of seeds with microflora after processing.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of seed treatment before sowing, i.e. increase of sowing and phytosanitary properties of seeds due to their disinfection in a microwave field.

The technical result, in contrast to the prototype, is achieved by the fact that the method includes moistening the seeds, disinfecting the seeds in an electromagnetic field, moreover, the seeds are moistened with water at a temperature of 25 ° C for 10 min at a ratio of seeds: water = 2: 1, then treated in a microwave field with a power of 180 W, an exposure of 30-90 seconds at a final seed temperature of 29.0-34.8 ° C.

Example. To conduct experiments for each variant of the ten-variant scheme, 20 g of seeds of buckwheat of the Ninth variety were taken, which were moistened with water at a temperature of 25 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of seeds: water = 2: 1, respectively. The temperature of the seeds before treatment was 23.4 ° C.

Moistened seeds were treated in a high frequency electromagnetic field (microwave field). In the course of the experiments, three criteria were taken into account - power in watts, treatment time in seconds, and final seed temperature after microwave processing. Nine experiments were carried out with various options of power and exposure, the tenth was a control experiment, the seeds of which were simply moistened without treatment in a microwave field (table).

After processing in a microwave field and measuring the final temperature of the seeds by an envelope method, weighed samples were taken to determine the sowing quality of the seeds: germination and phytosanitary properties of seeds.

The influence of the microwave field regimes on phytopathogenic microorganisms was established according to the results of phyto-examination against the natural background of infection. We used a biological method based on creating conditions to stimulate the growth and development of microorganisms in infected seeds in order to obtain sporulation and subsequent identification of the species composition of pathogens and the degree of damage to seeds. The method allows to determine both external and internal infection by the type of sporulation obtained on a natural substrate-seed.

To create a wet chamber, Petri dishes were used, on the bottom of which filter paper was laid in 2 layers, moistened to full humidity. 25 seeds were selected from a batch of treated seeds in a microwave field under different conditions, which were laid out in Petri dishes at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other and germinated at a temperature of 25 ° C. Seeds were analyzed for infection after 7-8, finally after 12 days. The experiment was carried out according to a ten-variant scheme (9 modes + control without microwave processing) in four repetitions. The research results are presented in the table.

The seeds of buckwheat cultivar Ninth in the control experiment were infected with microflora: gray rot - 24%, fusarium - 3.0%, bacteriosis - 3.0%. Therefore, the total infection of the seeds was 30%. Based on the research work (table), the following conclusions should be made.

1. When treating buckwheat seeds of the Ninth variety, pre-moistened with water with a temperature of 25 ° C for 10 minutes with a ratio of seeds: water = 2: 1, respectively, in a high frequency electromagnetic field at a power of 900 W for 30-90 seconds, a sharp decrease seed germination from 88% (control) to 11-81% depending on the exposure and the final temperature of the seeds. Seed damage appears to be occurring.

2. When treating buckwheat seeds of the Ninth variety, pre-moistened with water at a temperature of 25 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of seeds: water = 2: 1, respectively, in the microwave field with its power of 540 W and exposure time of 30-90 seconds, germination is reduced seeds to indicators below the control experiment, i.e. up to 45.0-77.0% and a low decrease in seed infection (infection) by 32.5-64.0% of gray rot, by 72.0-96.2% of fusarium and 76.1-96.3 % of bacteriosis.

3. The best results were obtained by processing in a microwave field pre-moistened seeds with water with a temperature of 25 ° C for 10 minutes with a ratio of seeds: water = 2: 1, respectively, with a power of 180 W and an exposure of 30-90 seconds. In this case, the final seed temperature after processing in the microwave field was 29.0-34.8 ° C, seed germination 92.0-95.0%, i.e. seed germination in relation to control increased by 4-7%. In this case, a decrease in seed infection (seed disinfection) after wetting and treatment in a microwave field occurred due to gray rot by 69.5-84.0%, fusarium - 92.5-96.1%, bacteriosis by 100%.

Field experiments were conducted on the basis of the Minderlinskoye experimental farm of the Sukhobuzim district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which confirmed the data obtained during laboratory studies.

The optimal conditions for preparing seeds for sowing, for example buckwheat, are: pre-moistening the seeds with water at a temperature of 25 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of seeds: water = 2: 1, respectively, followed by seed treatment in a microwave field at a power of 180 W, exposure 30-90 seconds and at a final seed temperature of 29.0-34.8 ° C.

The infection rate of seeds from gray rot was reduced by 69.5-84.9%, fusarium infection - 92.5-96.1%, bacteriosis - 100%.

Thus, the experiments show that the problem is solved - increased sowing and phytosanitary qualities of seeds due to their moistening and processing in the microwave field. Thus, buckwheat seed germination increased from 88% (control) to 92.0-95.0%, and microflora infection was sharply reduced.

Table Option No. Power, W Exposure, sec The temperature of the seeds after processing in a microwave field, ° C Seed germination,% Decrease in seed infection after treatment in a microwave field,% Gray rot Fusarium Bacteriosis one 900 thirty 51.8 81.0 56.1 88.0 100.0 2 900 60 69.1 18.0 96.2 28.5 76.3 3 900 90 81.3 11.0 one hundred 64.0 44.5 four 540 thirty 43.5 77.0 32,5 96.2 96.3 5 540 60 54.1 61.0 36.0 92.6 96.0 6 540 90 62.9 45.0 64.0 72.0 76.1 7 180 thirty 29.0 92.0 69.5 92.5 100.0 8 180 60 34,4 92.0 74.8 96.1 100.0 9 180 90 34.8 95.0 84.9 92.9 100.0 10 Control * (without processing in the microwave field) 88.0 - - - * - infection of seeds with gray rot 24.0%, fusariosis - 3.0% bacteriosis - 3.0%.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing seeds for sowing, including moistening the seeds, disinfecting the seeds in an electromagnetic field, characterized in that the seeds are moistened with water at a temperature of 25 ° C for 10 min at a ratio of seeds: water = 2: 1, then treated in a microwave field with a power 180 W, exposure 30-90 s at a final seed temperature of 29.0-34.8 ° C.