RU2304372C1 - Method for pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds.

SUBSTANCE: method involves wetting seeds with water having temperature of 24 C during 10 min at seed to water ratio of 4:1, respectively; treating in microwave field at the intensity of 540 W, exposure time of 60-90 s and seed final temperature of 46.5-52.3 C.

EFFECT: increased germination ability and phytosanitary properties of seeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in crop production for pre-treatment of barley seeds.

Despite the fact that studies on the disinfection of seeds from microflora have been ongoing for a long time, this issue has not been resolved so far and in recent years it has become the most relevant.

The average rates of barley infection by pathogens of fungal and bacterial etiology over the years are 52-60%, maximum - 98-100%. Given that the use of chemical fungicides in the disinfection of barley seeds is undesirable, it becomes obvious the relevance of the search for ways of ecological recovery of barley.

A known method of seed treatment (AS USSR No. 1655326, A01C 1/08, 1987), comprising pre-heating the seeds and water to 25-30 ° C, moistening the seeds to a moisture content of 21%, disinfecting the seeds in an electromagnetic field and drying them in an electromagnetic field with a directing field half as small with an adsorbent heated to 45-50 ° C.

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity, as well as the lack of information about the infection of seeds with microflora after processing.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of seed treatment before sowing, i.e. increase of sowing and phytosanitary properties of seeds due to their disinfection in a microwave field.

The technical result, in contrast to the prototype, is achieved by the fact that the method includes moistening the seeds, disinfecting the seeds in an electromagnetic field, moreover, the seeds are moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 min at a ratio of seeds: water = 4: 1, respectively, then processed in a microwave field with a power of 540 W, exposure 60-90 seconds at a final seed temperature of 46.5-52.3 ° C.

What is new is that in the process of microwave treatment of seeds, their selective heating occurs, in which the wetter components of the seed, which are phytopathogenic microorganisms, heat up faster, and they die. Uniform heating occurs due to the fact that the processed material (seeds) is heated throughout the volume, and the gradients of temperature, pressure and humidity are directed from the center of the object (seed) to its surface, so it is possible to disinfect the seeds from both external and internal infections.

Example. To conduct experiments for each variant of the 10-variant scheme, 40 g of Acha malting barley seeds were taken, which were moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 minutes at a seed: water ratio of 4: 1, respectively. The temperature of the seeds before treatment was 24 ° C.

Moistened seeds were treated in an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field (microwave field). In the course of the experiments, three criteria were taken into account - power in watts, treatment time in seconds, and final seed temperature after microwave processing. Nine experiments were carried out with various options of power and exposure, the tenth was a control experiment, the seeds of which were simply moistened without treatment in a microwave field (table).

After processing in a microwave field and measuring the final temperature of the seeds by an envelope method, weighed samples were taken to determine the sowing quality of the seeds: germination and phytosanitary properties of seeds.

The influence of the microwave field regimes on phytopathogenic microorganisms was established according to the results of phyto-examination against the natural background of infection. We used a biological method based on creating conditions to stimulate the growth and development of microorganisms in infected seeds in order to obtain sporulation and subsequent identification of the species composition of pathogens and the degree of damage to seeds. The method allows to determine both external and internal infection by the type of sporulation obtained on a natural substrate-seed.

To create a wet chamber, Petri dishes were used, on the bottom of which filter paper was laid in 2 layers, moistened to full humidity. 25 seeds were selected from a batch of treated seeds in a microwave field under different conditions, which were laid out in Petri dishes at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other and germinated at a temperature of 25 ° C. Seeds were analyzed for infection after 7-8, finally after 12 days. The experiment was conducted according to the 10-variant scheme (9 modes + control without microwave processing) in 4-fold repetition. The research results are presented in the table.

In the control experiment, the seeds of brewing barley of the Acha variety were infected with microflora: fusarium - 4.0%, helminthosporiasis - 18.0%, alternariosis - 25.0%. Consequently, the total infection rate of seeds was 47%, which is higher than the economic threshold of harmfulness.

As a result of studies (table) on the influence of the microwave field on the phytopathogenic complex and on the sowing qualities of Acha malting barley, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. When treating Acha malting barley seeds, pre-moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of seeds: water = 4: 1, respectively, in an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field at a power of 900 W, exposure time 30 seconds (option No. 1 ), the final seed temperature after microwave treatment of 43.3 ° C, there is a sharp increase in seed germination from 75% (control) to 95%, while seed disinfection is: from Fusarium - 50%, Helminthosporiasis - 0%, Alternaria - 68, 0% When processing seeds in a microwave field with a power of 900 W, exposure of 60-90 seconds (option 2, 3), barley seeds are heated to 57.0-75.8 ° C and a sharp decrease in seed germination to 63.0-6.0 % respectively. At the same time, good results on the disinfection of seeds from phytopathogenic microorganisms are not achieved. In option 3, the seeds were injured during their processing in the microwave field, so the germination rate dropped to 6%.

2. When treating seeds of brewing barley of Acha variety, pre-moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of seeds: water = 4: 1, respectively, in a microwave field with its power of 180 W and exposure time of 30 seconds, the seeds are heated to 28.8 ° C (option 7), their germination rate increases to 92.0%, but decontamination of seeds from phytopathogenic microorganisms does not actually occur. When processing moistened barley seeds in a microwave field at a power of 180 W, exposure time of 60-90 seconds (option 8, 9) and at a final seed temperature after treatment in a microwave field of 32.3-33.5 ° С, an increase occurs first, and then a sharp decrease in seed germination to 79.0-52.0%, respectively, and a very low level of seed disinfection: from fusariosis by 50%, from alternariosis - 0-64.0%, from helminthosporiasis - 27.8-0%, respectively.

3. When treating Acha malting barley seeds pre-moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of seeds: water = 4: 1, respectively, with a power of 540 W and an exposure of 30 seconds (option 4) and the final temperature of the seeds after processing in a microwave field of 37.0 ° C there is an increase in seed germination to 93%, but at the same time the seeds are decontaminated from fusarium by 50%, from alternariosis - 16%, from helminthosporiasis - 0%.

The best results were obtained when treating Acha malting barley seeds pre-moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 minutes at a seed: water ratio of 4: 1, respectively, with a microwave power of 540 W (options 5, 6), exposure 60 -90 seconds and the final temperature of the seeds after processing in a microwave field equal to 46.5-52.3 ° C. The treatment of barley seeds in the microwave field under these conditions leads either to the complete destruction of phytopathogenic microorganisms, or reduces the level of infected onset to economic thresholds of harmfulness. As a result, in variants 5 and 6, seed contamination is reduced:

- Fusarium infection by 82.0-100%;

- for helminthosporious infection by 69.8-72.2%;

- Alternaria infection by 70.0-72%.

The established dependences also make it possible to find out that an increase in the final temperature of barley seeds after microwave processing in the above options to 46.5-52.3 ° C not only helps to maintain germination, but also stimulates this process, while germination increases by 17-18% and is 92.0-93.0%.

Thus, it was found that the region of effective disinfection regimes for malting barley seeds after preliminary wetting with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of seeds: water = 4: 1, respectively, from phytopathogenic microflora with simultaneous stimulation of seed germination is in the range: microwave power -field 540 W, exposure 60-90 seconds, the final temperature of the seeds after processing in the microwave field 46.5-52.3 ° C.

The residual infection of seeds by Fusarium was 0%, helminthosporiosis - 5.0%, alternariosis - 7.0%, which corresponds to the economic threshold of harmfulness.

Field experiments were carried out on the basis of the Minderlinskoye experimental farm of the Sukhobuzim district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which confirmed the data obtained during laboratory studies.

Thus, the carried out scientific research shows that the task is solved - germination and phytosanitary qualities of seeds are increased, which means that the infection of seeds with microflora is sharply reduced.

The proposed method can easily be implemented in agricultural production.

Table Option No. Power, W Exposure, sec The temperature of the seeds after processing in a microwave field, ° C Seed germination,% Seed disinfection after treatment in a microwave field,%. Fusarium Helminthosporiosis Alternariosis one 900 thirty 43.3 95.0 50,0 0 68.0 2 900 60 57.0 63.0 67.0 61.1 44.0 3 900 90 75.8 6.0 100.0 77.7 72.0 four 540 thirty 37.0 93.0 50,0 0 16,0 5 540 60 46.5 93.0 82.0 69.8 70.0 6 540 90 52.3 92.0 100.0 72,2 72.0 7 180 thirty 28.8 92.0 0 0 52.0 8 180 60 32,3 79.0 50,0 27.8 0 9 180 90 33.5 52.0 50,0 0 64.0 10 Control * (without processing in the microwave field) 75.0 - - - * - infection of seeds with fusarium infection - 4.0%, helminthosporiasis - 18%, alternariosis - 25.0%.

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds, including moistening seeds, disinfecting seeds in an electromagnetic field, characterized in that the seeds are moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 min at a ratio of seeds: water = 4: 1, respectively, then treated in a microwave field with with a power of 540 W, an exposure of 60-90 s at a final seed temperature of 46.5-52.3 ° C.