RU2237989C1 - Method for sowing of preferably germinated soya seeds into soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, sowing of farm crop seeds.

SUBSTANCE: method involves forming furrow by shank; sowing seeds therein; forming slit to full seed embedding depth along one furrow wall; covering seeds with soil; making furrows with vertical and inclined portions; laying germinated seeds onto bottom of furrow inclined portion; providing contacting of seeds with wet soil by lateral shifting of one of vertical or inclined furrow walls. To do that, slot is formed in parallel with furrow, said slot extending to the full seed embedding depth. Slot cavity is filled with mellow soil from top horizon.

EFFECT: increased yield of farm crops.

6 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing seeds of agricultural crops.

Known seeder, including a frame on which a cutter with knives and openers is installed, in which, with the purpose of laying the seeds in the slots with a sealed bottom and walls while loosening and leveling the soil layer located above the seeds, the openers are installed in front of the cutter, with the toe of each opener located below the cutter knives; in order to prevent the sowing of seeds from the soil, the cutter knives are installed on both sides of the longitudinal axes of the coulters (SU, copyright certificate No. 562231, M. Cl. ² A 01 B 49/06. Seeder / V.I. Kochev, P.L. Levchuk, A.G. Maksimenko and P.N. Gorbachev (USSR) .- Application No. 2194490/15; Declared 12/01/1975; Publish. 06/25/1977, Bull. No. 23 // Discovery. Inventions.-1977.- No. 23).

The disadvantages of this method of sowing seeds sold by this seeder include both the impossibility of sowing germinated seeds and their seeding in the soil.

A tool for tillage and sowing is also known, including a frame, a drive milling working body with a protective cover mounted on it, a spring-loaded seal and a seed guide pivotally mounted on the frame, in which, in order to increase the accuracy of the depth of seed placement, the seal is installed in front of the seed guide behind the protective the casing, while the casing is made in the form of a lattice, and an additional casing is installed behind the seal (SU, copyright certificate No. 560547, M.Kl. ² A 01 B 49/06. Tool for tillage and sowing / V.I. Vorobyov, N .And. Vorobiev, Yu.S. Mukhin and others (USSR) .- Application No. 2179755/15; Declared 09/02/1975; Published 05.06.1977, Bull. No. 21 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1977. - No. 21).

The disadvantages of the method of sowing seeds implemented by this tool include poor seed placement and mechanical damage.

A known method of stubble sowing and a seeder for its implementation, in which the method of stubble sowing, including the formation of furrows by the coulters, one-sided horizontal cutting of the soil layer at the depth of seed placement, cutting and shifting the soil layers across the movement of the seeder until it touches the adjacent layer formed by the previous opener, laying seeds in furrows, in which, in order to increase the degree of conservation of stubble while improving contact of seeds with soil moisture, horizontal cutting of dogo formation is carried out by cutting his shift and, thus trimming is performed by the furrow in which the displacement of the reservoir, the amount of displacement, and the seeds are placed in furrows on the uncut portion of the displacement layer.

A stubble seeder containing a hopper with sowing machines and vas deferens, an angular frame with load-bearing beams and fixed coulters mounted one to another in the longitudinal horizontal plane, made in the form of one-sided wedges with flat-cutting one-sided paws located on one side of the sowing racks in which, in order to increase the degree of conservation of stubble while improving the contact of seeds with soil moisture, flat-cutting legs are located on the coulters from the side opposite to the inclined side of the wedge, and the outrigger of the flat-cutting paw is less than the distance between adjacent openers, and each seed tube at the exit has a seed reflector directed in the opposite direction from the flat-cutting paws (SU, copyright certificate No. 1197576 A1, IPC ⁷ A 01 C 7 / 00. The method of stubble sowing and seeder for its implementation / V. S. Kochetov, V. S. Sukhin (USSR) - Application No. 3759484 / 30-15; Announced 05/25/1984; Publ. 15.12.1985, Bull. No. 46 // Discoveries. Inventions.-1985.- No. 46).

The disadvantages of this method of sowing include the low quality of sowing legumes, in particular soybeans.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of sowing seeds in the soil, including milling a groove, forming a furrow by the coulter, sowing seeds in it and seeding them with soil, in which, in order to improve the quality of sowing by covering the seeds with a lower moist layer of soil without bringing it to the surface fields, milling of the groove is performed by a value from 0.4 to 0.5 of the depth of seed placement, and along one of the walls of the groove a slot is cut to the depth of seed placement of a width of not more than 1/5 of the width of the groove, while the groove is formed by chipping I of the non-milled layer (SU, copyright certificate No. 1187733 A, M.cl. ⁴ A 01 C 5/00, 7/00. Method for sowing seeds in the soil / L. G. Shkeopu (USSR) .- Application No. 3452119 / 30- 15; Stated 06/11/1982; Publish. 10/30/1985, Bull. No. 40 // Discovery. Inventions.-1985.-40).

The disadvantages of this method include the impossibility of seeding in the grooves of sprouted seeds, their mechanical damage in contact with the seed bed and high energy consumption.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The task to which the invention is directed is to obtain stable seedlings when sowing germinated soybean seeds in the soil.

The technical result is an increase in grain yield of ultra-mature soybean varieties.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of sowing, mainly sprouted soybean seeds into the soil, including the formation of a furrow by the coulter, sowing seeds in it, making a slit to the full depth of seeding along one of the walls of the furrow and filling them with soil, according to the invention, a furrow perform with vertical and inclined sections, the sprouted seeds are laid on the bottom of the inclined section of the furrow, the contact of seeds with moist soil is created by a shift to the side of one of the vertical and inclined walls of the furrow by performing adjacent th slot at full seeding depth, the cavity gap is filled with loose soil from the upper horizon, and then shifted and friable compacted layers.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a completed furrow containing vertical and inclined sections.

Figure 2 presents the process of laying germinated soybean seeds at the bottom of an inclined section of the furrow.

Figure 3 shows the process of shear to the side of one of the walls of the furrow.

Figure 4 shows the process of contact of sprouted soybean seeds with moist soil layers by closing vertical and inclined sections of the furrow while making an adjacent slot to the full depth of seed placement along one of the walls of the furrow.

Figure 5 shows the process of filling the cavity of the gap with loose soil from the upper layer.

Figure 6 shows the process of compaction of a shifted layer and a loose layer of soil in the gap without a direct effect on the germinated seeds.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention is as follows.

The method of sowing, mainly sprouted soybean seeds into the soil, includes the formation of a furrow 1 by the coulter (Fig. 1). The furrow 1 is performed with a vertical section 2 and an inclined section 3 (see figures 1 and 2). Vertical sections 2 of the furrows 1 are made at 2 / 3-3 / 4 of the depth of seed placement 4. Inclined sections 3 have an angle of inclination to the horizontal plane within 40 ° ... 70 °. Seeds 4 are sown in the grooves 1. Sprouted seeds 4 are laid on the bottom 5 of the inclined section 3 of the furrow 1 (Fig.1-3). Next, do the work of the slit 6 to the full depth of the seed 4 along one of the walls of the groove 1 (Fig.3 and 4). The contact of seeds 4 with moist soil is created by a lateral shift of one of the vertical and inclined walls of groove 1. When an adjacent slot 6 is made to the full depth of seed placement 4, the soil layer in the undisturbed state moves to the side until the vertical and inclined walls of the vertical and inclined sections 2 are completely closed and 3 furrows 1. Sprouted seeds 4 at the bottom 5 of the inclined section 3 of the furrow tightly fit in moist soil without disturbing the seed coat and embryo. The cavity of the slit 6 is filled with a loose layer 7 of soil from the upper horizon. Then the shifted layer 8 and the loose layer 7 of the soil are compacted, excluding the drying of the soil along the furrow 1.

Sprouted soybean seeds of the variety Soyer 1 were sown in the early (12-16.05) and later (24-30.05) dates. Seeding rates were maintained at two levels: 450 and 600 thousand units. On the control plots in the period 1998-2002, the sowing of seeds of the variety Soyer 1 was carried out without germination according to the basic technology. The results of phenological observations of soybean plants of variety Soyer 1 are shown in table 1. The dynamics of the growth of absolutely dry soybean mass during the growing season is shown in table 2. The effectiveness of the proposed method of sowing seeds when cultivated in the southeast of the European part of the Russian Federation is presented in table 3. Thus Thus, the above data indicate the possibility of sowing germinated soybean seeds at a later date, freeing the fields with pre-sowing cultivations from the bulk of malicious heat-loving weeds in.

Claims (1)

The method of sowing, mainly sprouted soybean seeds into the soil, including the formation of a furrow by the coulter, sowing seeds into it, making a slit to the full depth of seeding along one of the walls of the furrow and seeding them with soil, characterized in that the furrow is made with vertical and inclined sections, In this case, the germinated seeds are laid on the bottom of the inclined section of the furrow, and the contact of the seeds with moist soil is created by shifting to the side of one of the vertical and inclined walls of the furrow by making an adjacent slot to the full depth of the seed, after which the strips gaps fill the loose soil from the upper horizon, and then the shifted and loose layers are compacted.

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