RU2236108C1 - Method for sowing of cucurbitaceous crop seeds into soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, sowing of germinated cucurbitaceous crop seeds.

SUBSTANCE: method involves rotavating groove; sowing seeds and covering sown seeds with soil. Grooves are inclined to horizontal plane, with angle of inclination of groove wall to horizontal plane being within 30-75 deg. Method further involves providing contacting of sown seeds in groove by creating shear in vertical plane of non-rotavated soil layer; mulching soil strip above non-rotavated soil layer shifted downward with soil at side of inclined groove wall.

EFFECT: increased yield of crops, in particular, water melon.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing crops, mainly sprouted seeds of melons.

There is a known method of sowing seeds, in which the seeds prepared for sowing the seeds are sown to a predetermined depth, above the seeds, the soil layer is milled and rolled. This method is implemented by the known seeder, which includes a frame on which a milling cutter with knives and openers, according to the invention, for laying seeds in a slot with a sealed bottom and walls while loosening and leveling the soil layer located above the seeds, the openers are installed in front of the milling cutter, this toe of each opener is located below the cutter knives; in order to prevent the sowing of seeds from the soil, the cutter knives are installed on both sides of the longitudinal axes of the coulters (SU, copyright certificate No. 562231, Mcl ² A 01 B 49/06. Seeder / Kochev V.I., Levchuk P. L., Maksimenko A.G., Gorbachev P.N. (SU) - Application No. 2194490/15; Declared 12/01/1975; Publish. 06/25/1977, Bull. No. 23 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1977. - No. 23).

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that when sowing germinated seeds of melons and gourds, no contact of the seeds with the soil bed is created. With an increase in the degree of compaction of the upper loose soil layer, seed embryos undergo mechanical destruction.

There is also known a method of sowing seeds in the soil, including milling the top layer, leveling and forming a pillow from the treated soil, sowing and placing seeds on a pillow and covering the seeds with a soil layer, which is implemented by a tool for tillage and sowing, including a frame mounted on it with a drive a milling working body with a protective casing, a spring-loaded seal and a seed guide pivotally mounted on the frame, in which, in order to increase the accuracy of the depth of seed placement, the seal is installed in front of the seed guide behind aschitnym casing, the casing being formed as a lattice, and an additional seal for the casing (SU, Inventor's Certificate №560547, M.kl. ² A 01 B 49/06. The implement for the treatment of soil and sowing / Vorob'ev VI, Vorobiev N.I., Mukhin Yu.S. et al. (SU) .- Application No. 2179755/15; Stated 09/02/1975; Published 05.06.1977, Bull.№21 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1977. - No. 21).

The disadvantages of this method in relation to the technological problem that we are solving - sowing germinated seeds of melons in the early spring to produce friendly seedlings on soils with a limited supply of soil moisture in the upper root horizon - there is a violation of the capillary connection between the sown seeds and the seed bed due to soil cushion between them.

There is also a known method of stubble sowing and a seeder for its implementation, in terms of the method, including the formation of furrows by the coulters, one-sided horizontal cutting of the soil layer at the depth of seed placement, cutting and shifting the soil layers across the movement of the seeder until it contacts the adjacent layer formed by the previous opener, laying seed into furrows, in which, in order to increase the degree of conservation of stubble while improving the contact of seeds with soil moisture, horizontal cutting of each layer they are carried out before cutting and shifting, while trimming is carried out from the side of the groove into which the formation is displaced by the amount of displacement, and the seeds are laid on the uncut part of the furrows by the displacement of the formation (SU, copyright certificate No. 1197576 A, IPC ⁴ A 01 C 7 / 00. Stubble sowing method and seeder for its implementation / Kochetov VS, Sukhin VS (SU) - Application No. 3759484 / 30-15; Announced 05/29/1984; Publish. 15.12.1985, Bull. No. 46 // Discoveries, inventions. - 1985. - No. 46).

The disadvantages of this method, considering from the point of view of the problem we are solving, include large displacements (in the lateral directions) of the soil layers and the lack of proper contact of the seeds with the soil, moisture-proof horizontal bed.

The closest analogue to our task relates to a method of sowing seeds in the soil, including milling a groove, forming a furrow by the coulter, sowing into it and sowing it with soil, in which, in order to improve the quality of sowing by covering the seeds with a lower moist soil layer without bringing it to the surface fields, milling of the groove is performed by a value from 0.4 to 0.5 of the depth of seed placement, and along one of the walls of the groove, a slot is cut to the full depth of seed placement with a width of not more than 1/5 of the width of the groove, while the groove is formed by a ska yvaniya neprofrezerovannogo layer (SU, Inventor's Certificate №1187733 A IPC ⁴ A 01 C 5/00, 7/00 method sowing seed in soil / Shkeopu LG (SU) - Application №3452119 / 30-15;.. Reported 06/11/1982; Published on 10/30/1985, Bull. No. 40 / Discoveries. Inventions. - 1985. - No. 40).

The disadvantages of this method, which we selected as the closest analogue, are the lack of contact of the sown seeds with the soil bed.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to obtain stable seedlings of gourds.

The technical result is an increase in productivity.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of sowing seeds of melons and gourds in the soil, including milling the grooves, sowing seeds and planting them in the soil, according to the invention, the grooves are inclined to the horizon, the contact of the sown seeds in the groove is created by vertical shift of the uncut layer, and the strip above the unpunched downwardly shifted layer is mulched with soil from the side of the inclined groove wall; the angle of inclination of the groove wall to the horizon is made within 30 ... 75 °.

Due to the fact that the sprouted seeds are laid on the bottom of an inclined groove and mate with a moist soil layer with undisturbed capillary channels, uniform seed germination, the emergence of friendly and stable seedlings, increased yield and early ripening of fruits are achieved.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of an inclined groove to the horizon.

Figure 2 is the same after laying the seeds on the bottom of the groove.

Figure 3 is the same, the process of contact of the sown seeds with the seed bed and the upper unprotected soil layer.

Figure 4 - mulching the surface of the groove after sowing.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The method of sowing seeds, mainly melons, seeds grown or treated with growth preparations, into the soil includes milling the groove 1, sowing seeds 2 in it and filling them with soil 3. The grooves 1 are inclined to the horizon. The angle of inclination of the wall 4 of the grooves 1 to the horizon is performed within 30 ... 75 °. A smaller angle of inclination from 30 ... 60 ° is used when making ditches 1 on heavy and bound soils. On light and sandy soils, the angle of inclination of the wall 4 of the groove 1 is maintained within 60 ... 75 °. With increasing depth of seed placement, the angle of inclination of the wall to the horizon increases. The preferred angle of inclination of the wall 4 to the horizon at a sowing depth of seeds of table varieties of watermelon 8 cm is 60 ... 70 °. The contact of the sown seeds 2 in the groove 1 is created by a vertical shift of the unmilled layer 5. The strip above the unmilled downwardly shifted layer is mulched with soil 3 from the side of the inclined wall 4. The germinated seeds 2 laid on the walls 4 do not undergo mechanical damage when they come in contact with layer 5.

The claimed method of sowing melons and gourds in the soil is tested under industrial conditions when cultivating a table variety of watermelon Melitopolsky 142 in comparison with the basic technology. According to the results of the 2002 season, the yield increase was from 15 to 28%, and the term for ripening marketable fruits in the control was 6 ... 12 days later.

Claims (2)

1. A method of sowing seeds of gourds in the soil, including milling the grooves, sowing seeds in it and seeding them with soil, characterized in that the grooves are inclined to the horizon, the contact of the sown seeds in the groove is created by vertical shear of the unprotected layer, and the strip above the unprotected sheared down mulch the soil with a layer on the side of the inclined wall of the groove. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the groove wall to the horizon is performed within the range of 30 - 75 °.

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