RU1813361C - Rice cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: about agriculture, in particular in rice cultivation methods. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the method involves basic tillage, making grooves and sowing rice seeds in them to a depth shorter than the length of the grain of the rice grain, but not less than 2.5 cm. The seeds are covered with loose soil and the soil surface is completely stiff, supporting the surface of the soil crust After germination, the plants are flooded with a layer of water. 3 and p.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to methods of rice cultivation after an irrigation and drainage field (AMP), in which land reclamation (planning, sowing of perennial grasses, for example alfalfa; or leguminous plants, which eliminates red-grain forms of rice, reduces rice diseases periculirosis and allows you to abandon the chemical means of combating it.

The purpose of the invention is to increase seed germination and weed control efficiency without the use of herbicides.

The novelty lies in the fact that the sowing of the seeds is carried out in the grooves to a depth less than the slot of the rice grain, i.e. 2.5-3.5 cm, followed by the formation of a soil crust in the middle by rolling in a powder-mulching layer.

According to the physiology of the plant, when rice is sprouted without moisturizing irrigation (Figs. 2 and 3), the caryopsis first ejects the root 1, which leaves up to 1.52, 5 cm, i.e., moisture is supplied from the embedment depth a 2.5-3, 5 cm plus a root length of 1.5-2.5 cm, which will be ai 4.0-6.0 cm. Then the spike grows up to 3.5-4.5 cm in height, i.e., when germinating (the spike exit to the surface), the soil crust rises in the grooves or along a crack above it, while the spacing under the soil crust remains clean from weeds to the appearance of two or three leaves of plants and then goes bay (s CPNS water layer) and further control of weeds produced water bed m, e. without the use dohimikatov.

The positive effect is to increase seed germination and ensure efficient weed control. At the same time, moisturizing irrigation and the use of herbicides are completely eliminated.

In FIG. 1 - soil tillage without a plow sole; in FIG. 2 - sowing of seeds in grooves formed by a sowing combined unit; in FIG. 3 - germination of the weevil 2 spine 1 and shill

WITH

00 d

CA) CLE O

cement 4 in the groove 3 formed by the coulter 3 of the soil formation 5 with the formation of a crust 6.

In FIG. 2 and 3 it can be seen that the density of the soil in the formed groove 3 in relation to the soil layer will always be less and when rolling a seed with a sprout and a root in the groove of the mass of the roller (machine wheel) will not practically test. When the soil crust dries and forms, surface tension occurs and cracks form, due to the difference in the density of the soil in the groove and the massif, the crack will follow the groove trace, which is an additional guarantee of unhindered access of the slot to the surface.

The following is an example implementation of the method.

Herbicide-free rice cultivation technology to produce seedlings without wetting irrigation includes the following operations.

1. Soil preparation

1.1. The main tillage tillage (Fig. 1) is carried out as early as possible (September, October, October) after harvesting the rice, clearing the fields from straw and applying fertilizers - potassium 2-3 kg, phosphorus - 0.8- 1.2 kg in a steam field, organic fertilizers in a dose of 30-40 t / ha (rotted manure) are applied in occupied steam, ground gypsum or phosphogypsum in a dose of 10-12 t / ha, with plows and plows are applied cases. Plowing to a depth of 20-25 cm in an aggregate with class 3 tractors, for example T-150, Volgar.

1.2. Alignment of checks is carried out after plowing in the fall to the level of 3-5 cm along the plowing of the 1st track and across the 2nd in the aggregate of T-150 or Volgar tractors plus a D-719 planner or grader.

2. Sowing rice

2.1 North rice is produced at a soil temperature of 8 ° C in grooves to a depth of 2.5-3.5 cm, i.e., an amount smaller than the rice slot in a narrow narrow-row method with simultaneous local fertilizer application SZ-3.6, converted coulters: opener for ed. St. No. 745412, two-disc opener according to ed. St. N2 858606 in the aggregate with the tractor MTZ-82 R or sowing combined unit according to ed. St. No. 913962. The sowing rate of rice seeds is 5-7 million units / ra, with specification for each variety; nitrogen fertilizers 15% of the total normal requirement.

2.2. Post-sowing rolling is carried out immediately after sowing with drying of the powder-mulching layer by 1-2 mm in order to subsequently create a soil crust (ensuring reliable weed control).

2.3. Cutting the drainage furrows, to a depth of 0.12 0.2 m wide, the distance between them after rolling the check in the direction from the irrigation canal to the discharge. The composition of the unit MTZ-82 P + + BKN-150.

3. Weed control

3.1. Weed control by agrotechnical methods begins when up to 20 plants per 1 m2 are grown with the degree of hedgehog and tuber-kamysh overgrowing.

Before sowing rice, plowing is carried out by plows with working bodies according to ed. St. Nfc 1340606 to a depth of 5-6 cm.

After sowing, rolling in is carried out in order to form a soil crust with its subsequent preservation (i.e., until the 2nd-3rd leaf), until a technological layer of water is created, but in rainy weather, when the soil crust is softened,

- prior to emergence, blind harrowing is carried out with light sowing harrows followed by rolling to re-create the soil crust.

On seedlings in the absence of soil crust up to 2-x-3-x leaves and before the bay harrowing is carried out by mesh harrows ...

The indicated technological operations for weed control are possible if rice is sown in accordance with paragraph 2. In this case, the root system of the rice is not injured while in the groove, since the pressure of the machines and implements practically does not extend to the bottom of the groove.

4. Irrigation mode

4.1. Sowing rice is considered complete after rolling (rolling in this case is equivalent to watering) and the formation of soil crust. The creation of a water layer begins when reaching the 3rd sheet with the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers (in the form of fertilizing 25% of the required rate before sowing) with a gradual build-up so that the seedlings are covered with a 5-7 cm water layer. Its total depth should not exceed 20-25 cm. The duration of flooding is determined by the complete death of weeds, then the water level is reduced until rice leaves surface.

During the formation of 5-7 leaves, the water layer is kept within 5 cm, nitrogen is fertilized within 15% of the total required rate; With the advent of the 8th

a layer of water is lifted up to 15-20 cm and stored until wax ripeness begins.

It can be seen from the foregoing that for the effectiveness of the herbicide-free rice cultivation technique to produce seedlings without moisturizing irrigation, certain operations of the technology are carried out by specially designed machines, so that soil preparation is carried out by plows according to the author. St. No. 1340606 and the method of tillage according to ed. St. No. 429961 (Fig. 1).

Sowing and seeding of rice seeds is carried out in grooves (Figs. 2 and 3) to a depth of 2.5-3.5 cm in pre-compacted or followed by compaction up to 0.11 MPa, humidity up to 30%, sowing combination unit by author St. No. 913962 or refitted villages according to ed. St. No. 745412. Opener by bus. St. No. 858606, a double-disc coulter with rolling water rollers, which helps to draw moisture to the seeds, the formation of a soil crust with a thickness of 0.5-1.0 cm, which protects the soil from drying out (moisture loss), improves its surface heating, also prevents the emergence of weeds (weed seedlings are not able to penetrate the soil crust, curl under it and die). t

When the soil crust is formed due to quick drying, surface tension occurs with the formation of fracturing, which goes along the grooves, i.e., in places of least compaction. ..

Thus, upon receipt of seedlings of rice and plants up to 2-3 leaves, i.e., until

the moment a water layer is formed, in order to ensure optimal conditions (warming up, pulling and retaining moisture), sowing is carried out in the grooves to a depth less than the length of the slot of the rice grain. Weed control without the use of herbicides and other pre-chemicals is done by creating and preserving the soil crust. Further control of weeds occurs by creating a layer of water. The application of the method of sowing in grooves, in soil compacted during winter, followed by the formation of soil crust by compaction and rice seedlings without herbicides and moisturizing irrigations was carried out on production sites since 1984 with their increase by 750 hectares over the years at the Kurchansky rice sowing farm Temryuk district of Krasnodar Territory.

Claims (1)

Formula invented and A method of rice cultivation, including basic tillage, making grooves, followed by sowing seeds in them and plowing them with loose soil, as well as post-emergence flooding of plants with a layer of water, which is separate and so that, in order to increase germination seed and the effectiveness of weed control without the use of herbicides, rice seeds are sown in grooves to a depth less than the length of the grain of the grain of rice, but not less than 2.5 cm, and until the crops are flooded with water on the soil surface support the soil crust by continuous application vani soil surface. Figure 2