RU2227891C1 - Vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport facilities, in particular, transport facilities with an armored hull. SUBSTANCE: additional holes with bullet-proof glass are made in the front part of the hull, doors on the side armors, and a hatch with a sighting periscopic on the roof. A metal container is installed inside the hull in its middle part and attached to the bottom, a fuel tank, fuel pump with an electric drive, electric valve and an injector installed on the exhaust manifold of the engine, system of pipe-lines with sprayers laid on shelves outside the hull and under the bottom are connected in succession. Smoke pots are installed from the outside on the hull roof and on the bottom. Isolating gas masks are provided at the work station of the crew members. Use is made of a unit for automatic switching of the radio set for transmission with a tape deck. A telescopic air-intake tube with a drive and an air conduit are installed on the hull roof, and microswitches on the doors and the hatch. EFFECT: enhanced survivability of the vehicle and safety of the crew. 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles, and more particularly to vehicles with an armored hull, primarily for performing additional functions during transportation to protect the crew and the cargo carried, as well as mechanization of loading and unloading operations.

There are various technical means for the transport of goods, including equipment and personnel. First of all, these are automobiles (see, for example, Ageykin Ya.S. et al. “Combat wheeled vehicles”, M., Military Publishing House, 1974, pp. 3-12), which are one of the most popular types of equipment used in the national economy of the country, and in the Armed Forces (especially in the Ground Forces). The ZIL-131 car (see ibid., P. 11) contains a running gear, a cab, a body and a power unit mounted on it. Such a tool has disadvantages: the open placement of equipment and personnel in the back (if there are no additional means), the complexity and inconvenience of fastening elements of equipment in the back, limited cross-country ability, the absence of loading and unloading means, etc. These disadvantages preclude the use of such means in the transportation of valuable goods : financial means, medical, narcotic drugs, jewelry, scarce materials, dangerous goods, weapons, etc., since the body is open and there is no protection against external attack I am using even the simplest means of attack: stones, bottles, sticks, etc. That is, both the personnel and materials during transportation in ZIL-131 type vehicles are vulnerable to external attack.

Armored vehicles are also known (see, for example, “Infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers”, M., VABTV, 1984, p.162-169, Fig. 8, 9). Such a vehicle comprises an armored body mounted on a wheeled chassis with hatches for observation and shooting, a control compartment and a power compartment located respectively in its front and rear parts and interconnected by control bodies and actuators, a radio station, viewing devices and navigation equipment placed in the control department, an electric filtering ventilation unit, the inlet of which is installed on the roof of the housing and is closed by armor protection, with an engine exhaust manifold located in the power compartment, and the exhaust pipe. This vehicle is the prototype of the proposed. It substantially eliminated the shortcomings of previous vehicles, since it is primarily intended for the placement and transportation of crew, personnel and weapons, protecting them from small arms fire and the direct effects of light radiation, radioactive and toxic substances. That is, the danger for the crew transported by personnel, including wounded and property, during actions in dangerous external conditions, including in the conditions of an attack by the enemy (in zones of military conflicts) or hooligan elements (when transportation of valuables), since the armored corps significantly weakens the effect of the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction. However, since this vehicle is a military vehicle, it contains weapons (a 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine gun and a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun in a turret), which not only leads to an increase in the vehicle’s weight , but also takes about 1/3 of its volume. Therefore, the placement of other equipment and material assets is difficult. However, at present, given the need to reduce and convert military equipment, including vehicles based on armored vehicles, mentioned above, the elimination of these shortcomings (by eliminating weapons from the composition of armored vehicles) is becoming not only possible, but also cost-effective, as it allows provide a second life for military equipment in the national economy. The exclusion of weapons from the vehicle and the systems that ensure its functioning allows you to place additional loads and equipment and, on the one hand, expand the capabilities of armored vehicles, and on the other hand, use their specific properties.

The purpose of this technical solution is to convert military vehicles and increase the efficiency of their use in the national economy.

This goal is achieved by the fact that additional windows with bullet-proof glass are made in the front of the vehicle body, doors are installed on the sides of the body, and a hatch with a periscope viewing device is installed on the roof, a metal container attached to its bottom is installed in the middle part of the body, and serially connected fuel tank, electric fuel pump, solenoid valve, whose electromagnet is electrically connected to the on-board network via the first controllable switch means and the output of the third controlled switch, and the nozzle mounted on the exhaust manifold of the engine and connected to its cavity with its atomizer, a piping system with atomizers laid on shelves outside the housing and under the bottom, a distributor valve installed at the outlet of the exhaust manifold, controlled input which is connected to the output of the first managed switch, the first output is connected to the exhaust pipe of the engine of the power plant, and the second to the input of the piping system, installed outside, on the roof of the hull and the bottom, smoke bombs are electrically connected through the second controlled switch to the vehicle's on-board network and the first control button, insulating gas masks installed at the crew members' workstations, the radio transmission automatic transmission unit with a tape recorder, the first input of which is through the second controlled the switch is connected to the on-board network and the first control button, the second input is connected through the third managed switch to the on-board network of the transport means and a second control button, and the first and second inputs of the radio station are connected to the outputs of its automatic switch-on unit and tape recorder, mounted on the roof of the housing, a telescopic air supply pipe with a drive and an air duct, the input and output of which are connected respectively to the output of the air supply pipe and the filter ventilation inlet installations, microswitches installed on the doors and hatch, each of which is electrically connected by the input to the on-board network, and through the switch with the second managed switch, while the input of the electric drive of the fuel pump is connected to the output of the third managed switch, and each input of the electric filter and ventilation unit and air supply pipe is connected to the outputs of the second and third managed switches.

A significant difference from the prototype in the proposed technical solution is the implementation of structural changes and the introduction of additional tools that can significantly expand the ability to protect the vehicle from its direct capture by using various means, including thermal smoke protection, ensuring the preservation of life and health as a crew, and transported personnel. New qualities give the proposed vehicle difficult-to-replace properties when performing transportation and other works.

Thus, the proposed technical solution provides a positive effect, which is absent in the prototype, and in similar technical solutions. The authors are not aware of other technical solutions that would solve the task.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows the location of its elements (top view) and the following notation:

1 - duct (BOB),

2 - air supply pipe (VPT),

3 - additional windows (BEFORE),

4 - smoke bombs (LH),

5 - inlet pipe (VP),

6 - drive air supply pipe (PVPT),

7 - piping system (STP),

8 - sprayers (RP),

9 - armored corps (BC),

10 - radio station (PCT),

11 - hatches for observation and shooting (LC),

12 - viewing devices (SP),

13 - electric drive (EP),

14 - filtering installation (FVU),

15 - weapons (O),

16 - electric fuel pump (EPN),

17 - navigation equipment (ON),

18 - tape recorder (MPR),

19 - block automatic inclusion (BAS),

20 - fuel pump (VT),

21 - fuel tank (TB),

22 - metal container (MK),

23 - ammunition (BC),

24 - electrovalve (EC),

25 - the first control button (KH ₁ ),

26 - the second controlled valve (UK ₂ ),

27 - switch (ON),

28 on-board network (BS),

29-nozzle (F),

30 - the first managed switch (UK ₁ ),

31 - exhaust pipe (VHP),

32 - governing bodies (OS),

33 - second control button (KN ₂ ),

34 - the third managed switch (UK ₃ ),

35 - drives (OL),

36 - exhaust manifold (COL),

37 - valve distributor (CLR),

38 - the first microswitch (MB ₁ ),

39 - doors (LW),

40 - the second microswitch (MV ₂ ),

41 - a hatch with a periscope device (BOB),

42 - insulating gas mask (IP),

43 - engine (D).

The proposed vehicle and new elements are made and mounted (as an example) on the basis of the armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2 (see, for example, D.A. Antonov et al. “Infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers”, textbook, M. , VABTV, 1984, pp. 162-164, Fig. 8.5), which is high-speed (maximum speed on the highway - 100 km / h), floating (speed afloat - 10 km / h), highly maneuverable armored vehicle. Wheel, 2-axle (4 × 4, 8 × 8) with bulletproof armor protection, with a cruising range of 750 km, afloat - 19 hours, with a 103 kW engine. The machine (prototype) has 3 layout compartments: a fighting compartment, a control compartment and a power compartment (power plant). The fighting compartment is located in the middle of the armored corps. It can accommodate 2 crew members, for which there are two stationary crew seats and one outboard. There is a military chemical reconnaissance device, bead-salt, hydraulic lifts for additional wheels and hydraulic drive to them. The fighting compartment also houses the spare parts, driver’s tool, fire extinguisher and other equipment. In the middle of the fighting compartment on the bottom there is a transfer case assembly with a gearbox and a power take-off box for additional wheels. This unit is closed by a tight casing. Access (in the prototype) to the fighting compartment (and control compartment) is through hatches in the roof of the hull. To ensure surveillance and the possibility of firing from personal weapons in the armored hull there are two oval hatches.

The control compartment is located in the bow of the hull. It houses the driver and commander of the car (in the prototype). The department has control organs and drives, instrumentation, day and night observation devices (observation devices), an x-ray meter, navigation equipment 37, a radio station 10, the seats of the commander of the car and driver. In the frontal frontal sheet of the hull in front of the commander and the driver there are inspection hatches with glass, which can be closed if necessary with armored covers. In the front upper part of the building for observation in battle, observation devices are installed for day and night conditions.

The power compartment is located in the rear of the machine. It contains an engine 43, units of lubrication and cooling systems, a starting heater, fuel tanks (standard ones), a water-jet propulsion device, a water-pumping pump with a drive, and transmission mechanisms. In the engine compartment are also a generator set, batteries, compressor and air receivers. There are hatches for blocking and exiting air in the power compartment, shutters with blinds controlled from the driver's seat.

Of the elements of the prototype in the proposed technical solution, not all are necessary. Such elements include, for example, a tower with powerful weapons located in it, part of the ammunition load, etc., since their use in settlements will reduce the level of security of civilians. At the same time, the personal weapons of crew 15 and part of the ammunition 23 can be stored for use in exceptional cases (outside settlements, in the absence of civilians, etc.). In the drawing and in the following description, the main elements are provided that are necessary to achieve the goal. Blocks 5, 9, 10-15, 17, 23, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36, 43 are elements of the prototype, therefore, their device and operation are similar to the device and operation of the corresponding blocks of the prototype described in the known literature (see above) .

The air duct 1 is made in the form of a casing covering the inlet pipe 5 of the filtering installation 14 and covering the telescopic telescopic air supply pipe 2. Both in the initial (lower) position of the air supply pipe 2 and due to the side windows made in the upper and lower its telescopic sections, connected to the duct 1. To move the air supply pipe from the lower position to the upper and vice versa, the pipe is connected to the drive 6, which contains an electric motor, gearbox and circuit connected Knee vozduhopitayuschey upper telescopic tube 2. Feature of drive is that the chain is composed of two branches connected together in the upper part due to the attachment to the upper knee vozduhopitayuschey pipe. Each of the branches of the chain is located in the casing, mounted under the roof of the housing inside the vehicle, and can only bend in one direction. Thus, when the branches of the chain exit from the housing of the casings, they work as a rod, ensuring the lifting of the air supply pipe to the upper position. During the reverse movement, each branch of the chain is rewound with its corresponding asterisk (gear) and is sent to its casing until it stops by the upper bend of the air supply pipe into the roof of the housing. In order to prevent the chain from disengaging with the sprockets (when the elbows of the air supply pipe are disconnected), a full stroke limiter is installed on the last link of one of the chain branches. To do this, in the corresponding casing there is a window closed by a lid.

Additional windows 3 provide increased visibility of the crew, especially when driving in a city. The installation of bulletproof glass in them protects the crew from the effects of small arms.

The design features of smoke bombs are widely known (see, for example, "Tank T-72A. TO and IE", M., Military Publishing House, p. 161-169). The piping system 7 can be made both of metal and of other materials. Pipelines are installed on the shelves of the machine and under the bottom (if necessary, they can also be located in other places of the body). Along the length of the pipelines, at certain distances from each other, atomizers 8 are installed, which ensure the exit and atomization of smoke (gas) from the pipelines. The electric drive of the fuel pump 16 provides the drive of the fuel pump 20. Both the pump and the electric drive form a single unit and can be constructed in the same way as typical tank blocks (see, for example, "T-72A tank. TO and IE", Book Two, Part One, M., Military Publishing, 1988, p. 275-286). As a prefix 18, any industrial (preferably cassette) tape recorder can be used. The automatic power-on block 19 is made on the basis of a time relay (see, for example, A.Kh. Sinelnikov "Electronic time relays", M., "Energy", 1974, pp. 10-47, 148-166). The fuel tank 21 is used to place and transport diesel fuel in the car. Installed in the power unit. Welded from stamped steel sheets. Its design does not have fundamental differences from similar fuel tanks installed on objects of armored vehicles (see, for example, "Tank T-72. TO and IE", book two, part one, M., Military Publishing House, 1988, p.275- 286). The metal container 22 is welded from steel sheets and securely fixed to the housing. When transporting particularly valuable goods, it can be made of armor plates. As the electrovalve 24, a typical tank solenoid valve is used (see, for example, ibid., Pp. 157-161, Fig. 323), consisting of an electromagnet, rod, spool and valve body with inlet and outlet fittings connected by pipelines to the fuel pump, respectively 20 and nozzle 29, which is also used as a tank nozzle (see ibid., S.363-372). The design of the control buttons 25 and 33, as well as the controlled switches 26, 30, 34, are widely known (see, for example, V.V. Korneev et al. "Electric automation and electrical equipment of tanks", part one, M., VABTV, 1964, p. 83-220). The valve valve 37 contains an electromagnet connected by a rod with a spring-loaded damper mounted at the outlet of the exhaust manifold. In the initial position, the damper provides a message to the exhaust manifold with the exhaust pipe 31 (as in the prototype). When the electromagnet is activated, the damper shuts off the exhaust pipe 31 and directs the exhaust gases into the piping system 7.

The proposed vehicle is based on an armored vehicle as follows. Its main staffing systems (power plant and transmission, chassis, on-board network, controls and drives, radio and navigation equipment, etc.) work in the same way as in the prototype (see, for example, "Infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers) ", M., VABTV, 1984, p. 162-169, Fig. 8.9).

When transporting valuables and other goods, a metal container 22 is loaded and locked. Weapon 15 and ammunition 23 are checked and put into combat readiness (they are uncovered, lubricated, wiped, etc.). All vehicle systems necessary for its movement are turned on. The crew takes its jobs. Closes the door 39, the hatch with a periscope instrument 41. Turns on the switch 27, navigation equipment 17 and starts moving along a given route. At the same time, additional windows 3 provide surveillance in additional sectors and ensure safety, since they have bulletproof glass.

When attacking a vehicle in order to acquire values, the commander (crew) may choose several options for protection. Firstly, if the attackers use small arms and the attack is carried out in a desert area, where there is no threat of casualties bystanders, then it is possible to use weapons 15 and ammunition 23. This is usually small arms. Hatches 11 are used for shooting and surveillance. To prevent access to the vehicle itself, the commander (crew, for example, the driver) presses one or both control buttons 25, 33. When the button 25 is pressed, the second managed switch 26 is activated, so that power from the flight network 28 through a managed switch 26 is fed to the automatic power-on block 19 of the radio station 10 and the tape recorder 18, to the smoke bombs 4, to the electric drive 13 of the filter ventilation installation 14 and to the drive of the air supply pipe 6. Turning on the radio Station 10 to transmit and connect to it the tape recorder 18 provides the broadcast of the alarm text about the attack, pre-recorded on the tape recorder 18. In this case, it is also possible to transmit information by the vehicle commander (or another crew member) about the nature of the attack, about the place attacks (using data from ground equipment 17), measures taken by the crew to repel the attack, etc. The voltage supply from the on-board network to the smoke bombs 4 ensures their ignition and combustion, and the formation of a smoke cloud enveloping the vehicle and excluding normal attackers breathing is ensured. Violation of breathing forces the attackers to move to a safe distance. The density and time of setting the smoke cloud is determined by the number of smoke bombs 4. The voltage supply to the electric drive 13 of the filter-ventilation unit 14 ensures their operation and filtering the air entering the machine. When voltage is applied to the input of the drive 6 of the air supply pipe 2, its electric motor is operated, which through the gearbox provides the output chains and extension of the telescopic air feed pipe to the upper position. This ensures that the upper bend of the air supply pipe extends beyond the upper boundaries of the smoke cloud.

When the control button 33 is pressed, the managed switch 34 is triggered and provides voltage from the on-board network 28 to the automatic switch-on unit 19, the electric drive 13 of the filter and ventilation unit 14, the drive 6 of the air supply pipe 2, to the electric drive of the fuel pump 16 and to the first controlled valve 30. blocks 19, 18, 10, 13, 14, 6 and 2 work in the same way as in the previous case. When a voltage is applied to the first controlled switch 30, the latter is activated and provides voltage to the electrovalve 24 and the control valve 37. The valve 24 provides the connection of the fuel pipelines of the fuel pump 20 and the nozzle 29, and the control valve 37 shuts off the exhaust pipe 31 and connects the exhaust manifold 36 of the engine 43 with the piping system 7 and the nozzles 8. When applying voltage to the electric drive 16 of the fuel pump 20 diesel fuel from the fuel tank 21 fuel a live pump 20 is fed through an electrovalve 24 and an injector 29 to the exhaust manifold 36 of the engine 43. The fuel from the nozzle is sprayed into the exhaust gas stream, where it evaporates under the influence of high temperature and forms a vapor-gas mixture when mixed with gases. Since the temperature of the vapor-gas mixture is much higher than the temperature of the outside air, when it is emitted into the atmosphere (through a system of pipelines 7 and atomizers 8) and its contact with air, the fuel vapor condenses and forms fog, that is, the formation of a smoke cloud (curtain). Normal breathing in the area of such a cloud is also excluded, therefore, it also protects the vehicle from attack. When the voltage is removed from the electromagnets of the blocks 24 and 37, the valves are closed, the fuel supply to the nozzle is stopped, and the exhaust manifold 36 is connected to the exhaust pipe 31.

If it is impossible for the crew to control the buttons 25 and 33 (if they are injured or absent in the car) and when the attackers open the doors 39 or the hatch 41, the microswitches 38 and / or 40 are triggered and provide a second controlled valve 26 through the switch 27. Thus , duplication of the button 25 occurs. In this case, only blocks 19, 18, 10, 4, 13, 14, 6, and 2 are included in the operation.

In all cases of operation of the introduced elements and the creation of a smoke cloud, the crew can use insulating gas masks of the IP-46 type 42.

The proposed vehicle allows with high efficiency and economic feasibility to carry out the conversion of military vehicles, for example, armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicles BRDM-2 (prototype), and to ensure their effective use in the national economy. Preliminary tests showed that their basic characteristics not only did not deteriorate, but increased (speed - by 10%, and cruising range - by 15%).

In the proposed vehicle, the functions for protecting it from attack are performed with great reliability, since redundancy of protection means has been achieved. To repel an armed attack, full-time armor protection, weapons 15, 23 and crew personal weapons are provided. In this case, the vehicle performs its immediate functions assigned to it earlier, which allows you to complete the task with greater efficiency.

In an attack without the use of firearms, the goal is achieved by forming a dense smoke cloud (smoke screen) around the machine (using engine 43 and blocks 16, 20, 21, 24, 29, 30, 36, 37, 7, and 8), eliminating the possibility of normal breathing and forcing attackers to move away from the car (vehicle).

If at the time of the attack the engine of the power plant does not work, the smoke screen is created using smoke bombs by 4 crews (by pressing button 25) or microswitches 38 and 40 (if protection by crew members is not possible). It is also possible the joint creation of a smoke screen by the simultaneous use of smoke bombs 4, engine 43 and other blocks mentioned above. This occurs, as a rule, in windy weather or with a lack of engine power.

With all protection options, crew safety is enhanced through the use of armor protection of the air supply pipe 2 and insulating gas masks 42.

The application of the proposed vehicle allows to obtain a positive effect, is cost-effective and provides a second life to military equipment, in particular armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicles BRDM-2 in the national economy.

Claims (1)

A vehicle comprising an armored hull mounted on a wheeled chassis with hatches for observation and shooting, a control compartment and a power compartment located respectively in its front and rear parts and interconnected by controls, a radio station, viewing instruments and navigation equipment located in the compartment control, filtering installation with electric drive, the inlet of which is installed on the roof of the housing and is closed by armor protection, an engine with an exhaust call an projector located in the power compartment and an exhaust pipe, characterized in that additional windows with bullet-proof glass are made in the front of the case, doors are installed on the sides of the case, and a sunroof with a periscope sighting device is installed on the roof, an attached window is installed in the middle of the case to its bottom is a metal container, a fuel tank connected in series, an electric fuel pump, an electric valve, the electromagnet of which is electrically connected through the first controllable switch dinene with the vehicle on-board network and the output of the third controllable switch, and an injector mounted on the engine output manifold and mated to its cavity with its atomizer, a piping system with atomizers, laid on shelves outside the body and under the bottom, a control valve installed at the exhaust outlet a collector, the controlled input of which is connected to the output of the first managed switch, the first output is connected to the exhaust pipe of the power plant engine, and the second to the system input we have pipelines installed externally on the roof of the hull and the bottom of smoke bombs, electrically connected through a second managed switch with the vehicle's on-board network and the first control button, gas masks installed on the crew’s workstations, a radio station for automatically turning on the transmission with a tape recorder, the first entrance which through the second managed switch is connected to the on-board network and the first control button, and the second input is connected through the third managed switch with the vehicle’s on-board network and a second control button, the first and second inputs of the radio station are connected to the outputs of its automatic switch-on unit and tape recorder, mounted on the roof of the casing, a telescopic air supply pipe with a drive and an air duct, the input and output of which are connected respectively to the output of the air supply pipe and the inlet pipe of the filter ventilation installation, microswitches mounted on the doors and hatch, each of which is electrically connected to the entrance from the sides network, and through the switch - with the second managed switch, while the input of the electric fuel pump is connected to the outputs of the third managed switch, and each input of the electric filters and ventilation unit and air supply pipe is connected to the outputs of the second and third managed switches.

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