RU2225088C1 - Method and apparatus for local application of fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, local application of fertilizer. SUBSTANCE: method involves forming holes; placing fertilizer in holes and pinching fertilizer by soil. Holes are formed as curved poles of variable section, with larger base of pole being arranged in lower soil layers. Poles with fertilizers are arranged in equally spaced relation in soil so that poles upper base is positioned at 2 cm and 3 cm depth, and poles lower base is positioned at depth corresponding to parameters of rootage system of cultivated crop. Apparatus has fertilizer guide and disk with hollow teeth-fertilizer guides having outlet openings arranged in rear part of tooth end. Teeth-fertilizer guides are made curvilinear and are provided with inner oval opening, whose larger axis coincides with plane of rotation. EFFECT: reduced power consumption and provision for creating advantageous conditions for development of plant rootage system. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to methods of local fertilizing in the soil and devices for its implementation.

 Known methods for local fertilization in the soil, for example: USSR 1034637, 974957, 1107778, 1064887, 1184452, 142995 (MKI A 01 B 49/06), etc.

 To implement these methods, working bodies are used, made in the form of inclined knives with a fertilizer pipe, which place fertilizers in the soil in the form of an inclined screen.

 The disadvantage of these devices is the high traction resistance and poor-quality placement of fertilizer particles in the depth of processing. In addition, the projection of the inclined layer of fertilizers at the bottom of the furrow forms a horizontal screen, which prevents the penetration of low-salt roots into the subsoil horizons, while worsening the supply of plants with moisture, especially in dry years.

 A disadvantage of the known method and device - opener for inclined fertilizer in the soil (AS 1371567) is the design complexity and high metal consumption. In addition, this coulter has poor quality fertilizer in the soil. Firstly, the fertilizer path is stepped, which makes the coulter prone to clogging from the inside. Secondly, the presence of movable hollow couplings working tightly in the fingers will not allow long-term work in the field due to dust and lack of lubrication. Thirdly, due to twisting, crushing, displacement of the soil by the fingers of the coulter, the sowing windows will be clogged with soil during operation.

 Closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a method of subsoil fertilization with their location in the soil in the form of inclined strips and a device for its implementation on a. from. 1384244, A 01 C 7/20. The device includes a fertilizer duct for making seed and a disk with hollow teeth-ducts.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the utilization rate of nitrogen of fertilizers and reduce its gaseous losses, reduce energy consumption and create favorable conditions for the development of the root system of plants.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the claimed method of local fertilizing, which includes the formation of holes in the soil in the form of columns of a curved shape, of variable cross section, with the larger base of the column being placed in the lower layers of the soil, and the columns being placed at equal distances so that the upper base is at a depth of at least 2-3 cm, and the bottom - in accordance with the parameters of the root system of cultivated plants. Columns are pinched by soil.

 Local fertilizer application in the soil according to the proposed method is carried out by a device containing a fertilizer duct and a disk with hollow teeth-ducts. The teeth have outlet openings located on the back of the end of the tooth. The teeth are made curved along the curve of a logarithmic spiral and have an oval-shaped inner hole, the major axis of which coincides with the plane of rotation. The teeth are mounted on the disk with a bulge that matches the direction of rotation.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the formation of columns of fertilizer curved shape and a rotary working body, side view. Figure 2 shows a section of the tooth along the line n-n, figure 3 shows a top view of the working body and figure 4 is a section of a rotational organ along AA.

 The method is as follows.

 Before starting work, the rotary organs for fertilizing are set to a depth in accordance with the parameters of the root system of the cultivated crop.

 When the unit moves across the field at equal distances, they form holes in the form of curvilinear columns of variable cross-section, simultaneously placing fertilizers into them and pinching them with soil. In this case, the larger base of the column is located in the lower layers of the soil, corresponding to the depth of the working bodies, and the upper base is at a depth of at least 2 ... 3 cm from the day surface.

 In this case, the concentration of nutrients in a limited amount of soil and their placement in a positionally accessible form with a given dose is carried out. Moreover, by placing the tuks in the form of separate columns in the arable layer (with a variable cross-sectional area), within the root layer of the soil, it is possible to continuously supply the plant root system with nutrition elements in accordance with the biological needs of the root system and the organogenesis of their development.

 The proposed device consists of a drive mechanism 1, the teeth of the fertilizer ducts 2, the intake manifold 3 connected to the fertilizer duct 4, the drive stacks 5, the main bearing disk 6 with a bearing 7 and a common axis 8.

 The teeth-pipelines 2 are made along a curve of a logarithmic spiral and hollow, and the internal holes of the teeth in the section are oval in shape, the major axis of which coincides with the plane of rotation. At the end of the teeth there are end and side openings for the exit of the fat, placed on the back (non-working) side, which prevents them from clogging the soil. Moreover, the working body assembly with the main disk 6 on the axis 8 is set convex ("beak") down (convex in the direction of rotation).

 Fertilizer particles when moving from the center to the periphery of the tooth should be located in it with a variable thickness along the radius and should provide a stable supply during the movement in the working area. Upon reaching the top layer of soil with a thickness of 2. ..3 cm, they must be completely emptied. To fulfill the set conditions, fertilizer particles must move along a line with variable curvature, the parameters of which are related to the specific size of the teeth and the angle of rotation in the working area. These requirements are met by a curve in the form of a logarithmic spiral, which has a constant angle of inclination of the particle plane to the radius vector of the rotational organ. In addition, the specified tooth shape of the working body ensures the placement of fertilizer particles in the soil in the form of a curved column with a variable cross-section in accordance with the needs of plants in nutrients for the growing season.

 Rotational working body operates as follows. When moving tools, such as a cultivator or a tiller, equipped with additional working bodies for local fertilizer application and a fertilizer hopper, the fertilizer is placed in the soil to a depth of the main roots of the plants (Fig. 1). At the same time, a disk with teeth-pipelines 2, plunging into the soil (to a predetermined depth of fertilizer placement in accordance with the parameters of the root system of the cultivated crop), forms a hole in it in the form of a curved slit. At the same time, a portion of fertilizers is supplied and such a portion is accumulated in the subsequent tooth, etc. The shape of the teeth ensures smooth movement of the fertilizer particles inside the tooth without clogging. In this case, clogging and tooth openings do not occur, since it is located on its back side. As a result of the movement of the end of the tooth along a curved path, the columns of beech are also curved, which prevents the particles of the beak from rolling down until they are pinched by the soil.

 When using the proposed combined-type rotary organ for local fertilizer application in the soil, the metal and energy consumption of the technological process are reduced, which will increase the productivity of the fertilizer unit. In addition, the high-quality application of fertilizers with their placement in the soil in the form of curved columns will reduce the gaseous loss of nitrogen and significantly increase the efficiency of the fertilizers used. This, in turn, will contribute to increasing the yield of cultivated crops due to the reliable supply of their mineral nutrition throughout the growing season.

Claims (3)

1. The method of local fertilizing in the soil, including the formation of holes in the soil, placement of fertilizers in them and pinching them with soil, characterized in that the holes form in the form of curved columns of variable cross section, with the larger base of the column located in the lower layers of the soil, and placement columns with fertilizers are carried out at equal distances and placed in the soil so that the upper base of the columns is at a depth of at least 2 ... 3 cm, the lower - in accordance with the parameters of the root system in delyvaemoy culture. 2. A device for local fertilizer application in the soil, containing a fertilizer duct and a disk with hollow teeth-ducts having outlet openings located on the back of the tooth end, characterized in that the teeth - ducts are curved and have an oval-shaped inner hole, the major axis of which coincides with the plane of rotation. 3. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the teeth are made along a curve of a logarithmic spiral and mounted on a disk with a convexity that coincides with the direction of rotation.

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