RU2629265C1 - Soil tillage unit with fertilization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in the soil tillage unit, a rotary harrow (1) is used as the working body for soil tillage, containing a frame (2) with a towing device (3) installed on the top, with possibility of detachable fixing to the vehicle, with supports (4), in which the bearings (5) are installed that fixing the shaft (6), on which the flat discs (7) are fixed. On the discs (7) with even pitch, ripping teeth (8) are fixed. Each tooth (8) has mounting (9), rod (10) and working (11) parts. Mounting (9) and rod (10) parts in cross-section have the shape of an ellipse. The working part (11) is made in the form of an elliptical cone, the conical surface of which forms its lateral surface. The rod (10) and working (11) parts of the tooth have two parallel cutting edges (12) with a thickness of not more than 2 mm on the side surface. Each tooth (8) of the harrow (1) with its mounting part (9) is fixed on a flat disc (7) with even pitch so that the curvature direction of the curvature of the working part (11) of the tooth (8) is in the form of a logarithmic spiral. As a fertiliser application, a hopper (13) is used, on the lateral part of which there are mounting units (14) for detachable fixing to the power device, with an adjustable damper (15). An additional drive motor (16) is installed on the lower side of the hopper (13), the shaft of which is connected by kinematic connection to the spreading disc (17). The adjustable damper (15) and the drive motor (16) are electrically and independently connected to the control panel (18), which can be mounted for installation in the cabin of power device.

EFFECT: possibility of application at processing of top soil layer and perfection of crumbling process, and reduction of unit breakages.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the care of crops of winter cereal crops, namely, spring harrowing simultaneously with top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers.

From agrotechnical scientific literature it is known that the purpose of early spring processing is to enhance shoot formation, as with a lack of nitrogen in the soil, the spike is formed short, and without appropriate treatment by any agricultural methods, this deficiency will not be changed in the future. Fertilizing winter crops is carried out in two doses to avoid a large number of unproductive shoots. In this case, the optimal period for the second top dressing of winter crops is the “before going to the tube” phase, when root feeding is no longer possible and fertilizers are scattered (see “The agricultural system of the Krasnodar Territory on an agrolandscape basis”, 2015, p.176-177 )

Known combined unit for presowing treatment of heavy and medium soils and sowing with fertilizer (see patent for invention RU 2497334), including a device for combining soil cultivation and fertilizing, characterized in that the unit consists of a stone-harvesting machine equipped with a frame, to continue which holds four disk batteries and one row of cultivating paws, a leveling beam, a ring-spur roller and a grain-seeder.

The closest in technical solution is a combined implement for deep loosening the soil with fertilizer application (see patent for invention RU 2500092), containing a frame with racks mounted on it, having a vertical part with working bodies for soil cultivation, and also a fertilizer tank.

The disadvantage of the prototype: the inability to use when processing the topsoil, the limited functionality and versatility of use in agricultural work.

The technical result is the possibility of application in the processing of the topsoil, including harrowing winter crops, improving the process of crumbling the cultivated soil, expanding the functionality when applying fertilizers and the universality of application in agricultural work.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the unit for processing soil with fertilizer, including working bodies for tillage and fertilizing, according to the invention, a rotary harrow is used as a working body for soil treatment, containing a frame, on the top of which a towed device is installed with the possibility detachable fastening to the power tool, with bearings having bearings fixing the shaft, on which flat disks with uniform pitch are fixed, and on disks with uniform pitch for loosening teeth are repaired, with each tooth having a mounting, shaft and working parts, where the mounting and shaft in cross section are elliptical, and the working part is made in the form of an elliptical cone, the conical surface of which forms its lateral surface, also the shaft and working parts of the tooth have two parallel cutting edges on the side surface of a thickness of not more than 2 mm, and each tooth of the harrow with its mounting part is mounted on a flat disk with a uniform pitch so that the direction of curvature of curvature the working part of the tooth is made in the form of a logarithmic spiral, and a hopper is used as an organ for fertilizing, on the lateral part of which there are fasteners for detachable connection with the power tool body, with an adjustable shutter, and an additional drive motor is installed on the underside of the hopper, the shaft of which is connected kinematic connection with the spreading disk, while the adjustable damper and the drive motor are electrically and independently connected to the control panel having knots Heating for installation in the cabin of an energy facility.

Justification of the eligibility criteria of the invention

The studies of the authors have proved that the use of the claimed harrow device in combination with a fertilizer hopper is a fairly practical and effective way to care for winter crops using simple technical means. The search for technical solutions in related and other fields of technology has revealed the uniqueness of the distinguishing features of the claimed technical solution, which meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The novelty is due to the fact that the proposed set of essential features is not known from the information on the prior art, namely: performing a rotary harrow tooth with a curvature of the working part of the tooth in the form of a logarithmic spiral, performing two, on the rod and working parts of the tooth, namely on their side surface parallel cutting edges with a thickness of not more than 2 mm, an electrical and independent connection with a remote control for controlling an adjustable damper and an additional drive motor in the unit for tillage with application Dobrenite comprising working elements for soil and fertilizer.

Industrial applicability is confirmed by the possibility of application in agrotechnical methods used in agriculture, for example, during harrowing.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a layout diagram of the elements of a soil tillage machine with fertilizer application; FIG. 2 shows a layout of elements of a rotary harrow in a soil cultivator with fertilizer application, and FIG. 3 shows the construction of a harrow tooth; FIG. 4 shows a section AA of a harrow tooth, FIG. 5 shows a section BB of a harrow tooth, FIG. 6 shows a section BB of a harrow tooth, FIG. 7 shows a section CC of a harrow tooth.

A unit for soil treatment with fertilizer contains working bodies for soil treatment and fertilizer application. As a working body for soil cultivation, a rotary harrow 1 is used, containing a frame 2, on the top of which a towed device 3 is installed (see Fig. 2) with the possibility of detachable fastening to the power tool, with bearings 4 in which bearings 5 are mounted, fixing the shaft 6, on which the flat disks 7 are fixed, and the ripping teeth 8 are fixed on the disks 7 with an even pitch, while each tooth 8 (see Fig. 3) has a mounting 9, a rod 10 and a working 11 part, where the mounting 9 and the rod 10 in cross section are elliptical the dog, and the working part 11 is made in the form of an elliptical cone, the conical surface of which forms its lateral surface, also the rod 10 and the working 11 of the tooth have two parallel cutting edges 12 with a thickness of not more than 2 mm, each tooth 8 of the harrow 1 having its own the mounting part 9 is mounted on a flat disk 7 with a uniform pitch so that the direction of curvature of the curvature of the working 11 part of the tooth 8 is made in the form of a logarithmic spiral, and the hopper 13 is used as an organ for fertilizing, at the lateral hour the fasteners of which are mounted 14 for detachable connection with the power tool body, with an adjustable shutter 15, with an additional drive motor 16 mounted on the underside of the hopper 13, the shaft of which is connected kinematically to the spreading disc 17, while the adjustable shutter 15 and the additional drive motor 16 electrically and independently connected to the control panel 18, with the ability to mount and install in the cabin of the energy facility.

The unit for tillage with fertilizer works as follows.

When a power tool, such as a tractor, moves in a field, the disks 7 of the rotary harrow 1 together with the teeth 8 rotate, the adjustable shutter 15 is opened using the control panel 18 for feeding fertilizer to the spreading disk 17, also using the control panel 18 movement optional drive motor 16.

With the passive position of tooth 8, when the pointed working part 11 is bent in the opposite direction to the harrowing, the normal pressure of the cutting edge 12 of tooth 8 on the soil crust will ensure its destruction with the continuation of the process until the pointed part begins to work. With the active position of the tooth 8, when its pointed part is bent in the opposite direction to the harrowing, the process of crust destruction begins with the pointed toe of the tooth 8 and continues with the blade edge 12 from its entrance into the soil layer to exit from it. The introduction of the tooth sock 8 of the working 11 parts into the soil crust will cause its deformation in the direction from bottom to left and bottom to right due to the classic lateral surface of the working part of the tooth 8 and the location of the large axes of the ellipses of the curved and rod 10 parts in the direction of travel of the harrow 1. This deformation will gradually increase the number of small cracks in the soil, and then destroy the soil aggregates and lumps into small soil fractions of no more than 1-2 cm in size, thereby ensuring effective crumbling without mixing and virtually eliminating inversion loose bottom layers of soil to the surface.

The posterior working surface 11 of the tooth 8, narrowing further along the ellipse, provides the opportunity to slide the soil along with the weeds cut to its trailing cutting edge 12, which additionally crumbles the soil and cuts the plant debris:

- the claimed tooth design allows you to reduce the impact from contact with a stone, a metal object, which will reduce the number of possible tooth failures;

- relatively low energy intensity of soil cultivation.

Claims (1)

A unit for soil treatment with fertilizer application, including working bodies for soil treatment and fertilizer application, characterized in that a rotary harrow is used as a working body for soil treatment, containing a frame, on the top of which a trailed device is installed with the possibility of detachable fastening to the power tool, with bearings having bearings fixing the shaft on which flat disks with uniform pitch are fixed, and loosening teeth are fixed on disks with uniform pitch, with each b has mounting, rod and working parts, where the mounting and rod in the cross section are elliptical, and the working part is made in the form of an elliptical cone, the conical surface of which forms its side surface, and the rod and working parts of the tooth have two parallel cutting edges with a thickness of not more than 2 mm, and each harrow tooth with its mounting part is mounted on a flat disk with a uniform pitch so that the direction of curvature of the curvature of the working part of the tooth is made in the form of a logar a helical spiral, and a hopper was used as an organ for fertilizing, on the lateral part of which there are mounted fasteners for detachable connection to the power tool body, with an adjustable shutter, and an additional drive motor is installed on the underside of the hopper, the shaft of which is connected by kinematic connection to the spreading disk, wherein the adjustable shutter and the drive motor are electrically and independently connected to the control panel having attachment points for installation in the cabin of the power facility .

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