RU2164732C1 - Soil tillage method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves applying fertilizer onto soil surface and providing basic subsoil tillage to plowing depth by means of moldboardless plow bodies or flat hoes; providing surface tillage to seeding depth simultaneously with basic tillage. Surface tillage is performed by means of conical disk harrow allowing large lumps to be cut into small lumps with following crumbling by splitting and leveling of soil surface. Method is used to prepare soil for sowing. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of presowing soil tillage. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of tillage for preparing it for sowing seeds and tillage tools for pre-sowing tillage.

 A known method of tillage, including the main subsurface and at the same time surface tillage (see SU 1130189 A, 23.12.84, A 01 B 49/02).

 The disadvantage of this method is the poor surface treatment of the soil with the abandonment of unmilled large lumps of soil.

 The closest analogue to the proposed method is a method of tillage, including the main and subsequent surface tillage, carried out simultaneously with it, the last of which produce crumbling blocks and leveling the surface (see SU 1113010 A, 15.09.84, A 01 B 49/02 )

 The disadvantage of this method is also the insufficient crumbling of lumps of soil, which necessitates subsequent harrowing to create the necessary layer for sowing seeds.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of such a technology that would provide the opportunity to prepare the soil for sowing in one pass of the implement.

 The technological result is an increase in the quality of pre-sowing tillage, which excludes the work of other units.

 This is achieved by the fact that according to the proposed technology, the main and subsequent subsequent surface tillage is carried out, with the last of which crumbling blocks and leveling the surface. In this case, before the main tillage, surface fertilizing is carried out, and the main tillage is carried out to the depth of the arable layer without turnover of the formation with moldless plow bodies or flat-cutting legs. Surface treatment is carried out to the seed embedding depth with a conical discarrow harrow, or sections of a disk cultivator, or a needle harrow by simultaneously cutting the lumps formed during the main processing into smaller lumps with crumbling of the latter by splitting them and leveling the surface.

 In Fig 1 shows a diagram of the tillage.

 In FIG. 2 shows a device for implementing the method, a top view, when performing the working bodies in the form of mold-free plow bodies.

 In FIG. 3a is the same side view when performing working bodies in the form of flat-cutting paws; in FIG. 3b - the same, top view.

 In FIG. 4 a, b, c, d, d, g, h, h, and, k show variants of a device for implementing the method.

 The method includes surface application of fertilizers, for example organic. Then, the main tillage is carried out to a depth of the arable layer - 20-30 cm without a turnover of the formation by subsurface plow bodies or flat-cutting legs. Simultaneously with the main tillage, surface tillage is carried out to a seed placement depth of 4-10 cm. The surface treatment is carried out with a conical discarrow, which ensures the simultaneous cutting of the clumps formed during the main processing into smaller lumps and crumbling of the latter by splitting them radially fixed to discs with teeth and surface leveling.

 The method can be implemented by a device comprising a frame 1, support wheels 2, a linkage mechanism 3 and tillage working bodies for basic tillage mounted on the frame 1, made in the form of non-moldable plow bodies 4 or in the form of flat-cutting legs 5. The device has an angle the direction of movement of the conical discarrow harrow 6. The working bodies of the harrow 6 are made in the form of spherical discs 8 fixed on the axis 7 with a decreasing diameter from one end of the axis 7 to the other with the formation of a conical surface ty. On each disk 8, teeth 9 are radially fixed with an equal gap. A battery 6 of disk working bodies is connected to frame 1 by means of frame 10. The method is as follows.

 Any known fertilizer spreader produces surface fertilizer application (organic, mineral, etc.). Further, using a device containing tillage working bodies and a tine tooth battery, soil treatment is carried out.

 When the device is moving, subsurface plow bodies 4 or flat-cutting legs 5 carry out the main tillage: respectively, plowing without a layer rotation or subsurface loosening to a depth of the arable layer - 20-30 cm.A part of the fertilizer is embedded in the soil, and some remains on the surface. The soil along the entire depth of the arable layer loosens without mixing the layers while maintaining stubble on the soil surface. In this case, weeds are cut and destroyed. Large blocks and traces from the passage of the racks of hulls or paws formed during the main tillage are exposed to the conical discarrow harrow 6. The harrow 6 carries out surface tillage at the same time as the main tillage to a seed placement depth of 4-10 cm. In this case, discs 8 of the harrow cut the blocks formed after the passage of the tillage working bodies into smaller lumps. Lumps are crushed by teeth 9 fixed on disks 8 by splitting them without spraying and crushing them, which ensures good quality of crumbling soil with the formation of a fuzzy structure of the entire upper layer, to the depth of seed placement. At the same depth, the discs 8 and the teeth 9 carry out the sealing of the stubble and seeds of the carrion and weeds remaining on the surface of the fertilizers, mixing them with the soil, and also sealing the traces from the passage of the racks. Moreover, due to the fact that the harrow is conical and installed at an angle to the direction of movement, a qualitative leveling of the soil surface occurs. As a result of the proposed soil cultivation technology, it is fully prepared for sowing crops.

Using the invention will allow:
1. Combine the main subsurface and surface tillage in one pass of the unit with the incorporation of organic fertilizers and the preservation of part of the stubble without inverting the lower moist layers of the soil and without seeding the scutellum seed furrows to the bottom.

 2. Cut blocks of soil that appear behind ploskorezami and plows, eliminating their blowing.

 3. Eliminate the implementation of a very difficult operation - cutting blocks by other machines, which usually requires moving the tractor along solid large blocks.

 4. For the first time, be able to incorporate previously scattered organic and other fertilizers into the soil without performing the primary dumping of the soil.

 5. Ensure weed control (with oatmeal and others) during flat cutting (which was not done) without resorting to herbicides.

 6. To ensure the economic effect of eliminating a separate pass of the unit for cutting blocks, the costs of applying herbicides for weed control, the costs of planting organic fertilizers, and also increasing yields by maintaining soil moisture reserves.

Claims (1)

 A method of tillage, including the main and subsequent subsequent surface tillage, the latter of which produce crumbling of blocks and leveling the surface, characterized in that before the main tillage they carry out surface fertilizing, and the main tillage is carried out to the depth of the arable layer without formation turnover with non-moldable plow bodies or flat-cutting legs, while surface treatment is carried out to the depth of seed placement with a conical discose oic harrow by simultaneously formed by cutting the main processing clumps into smaller clumps with the latter by their crumbling cracking and aligned surfaces.

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