RU2215668C1 - Complex of on-board electronic equipment for light multi-purpose aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation instrumentation engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed complex includes digital computer system, information exchange with three multiplex channels, aircraft complex control system, armament control system, complex electronic display, control and aiming system, general aircraft equipment control system, on-board monitoring system, power supply system and power plant control system. Complex is also provided with means for preliminary processing of signals of sensors for forming single information field. In case of failure of computer control system, control is shifted to general aircraft equipment control system. Multi-functional colored displays are interchangeable; they furnish complete pilotage and navigational information in case of failure of one of them. In case of failure of two digital computers of computer system and general aircraft equipment control system, complex is shifted to manual control. EFFECT: enhanced operational reliability. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of aviation instrumentation and is intended for use in the construction of multi-purpose (combat and / or combat training) aircraft.

 The current level of development of electronics, computer technology, avionics and automated software development and debugging tools provides a transition to a qualitatively new stage in the design of avionics equipment complexes, in which the creation of individual devices and systems is subordinated to the idea of a single (integrated) avionics avionics complex (IR avionics) ), which helps the crew to perform the necessary tasks and protects it from informational and psychological FIR overload.

 A well-known complex of avionics, made using the on-board digital computer system for flight and combat training operations and information exchange systems, as well as including a flight-navigation system and weapon and electronic warfare control systems (RU 96123485 A1, B 64 C 30 / 00, 02/10/1999).

 However, the well-known complex does not satisfy the ever-increasing requirements for modern combat aircraft in such important characteristics as the degree of flight automation, accuracy, multi-mode, multi-purpose and automation of the use of weapons, all-weather and full daily use, crew comfort, high efficiency of the flight mission in conditions of possible countermeasures, a high level of reliability, a high degree of readiness for departure, low labor intensity and short service time with spluatatsii.

 Closest to the proposed one is the IC BREO, which includes an on-board digital computer system for flight and combat training operations, an information exchange system and external storage device, information input equipment, an inertial system, a short-range navigation and landing radio engineering system, an airborne control system transponder traffic and state recognition, automatic radio compass, radio altimeter, marker receiver, integrated aircraft control system, weapon control system integrated system of electronic indication, control and aiming, alarm information boards, satellite communication system, airborne equipment control system, on-board objective monitoring system, radio communication station, aircraft intercom module, power supply system, external and internal lighting equipment, integrated emergency alarm system leaving the aircraft, as well as the power plant control system (RU 2174485 C1, B 64 C 30/00, 10/10/2001).

 The disadvantage of the known IC avionics is associated with low reliability in difficult and changing working conditions, for example in a wide temperature range.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the operational reliability of such infrared avionics.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that the IC avionics of a light combat trainer containing an on-board digital computer system for controlling flight and combat training associated with an information exchange system and consisting of two digital computers connected to each other with the possibility of backup, an external storage device and information input equipment associated with an on-board digital computer system, inertial system, short-range navigation and landing radio engineering system and transponder air traffic control and state recognition systems connected by a single antenna-feeder system, an automatic radio compass, a radio altimeter with a transceiver and an antenna device, a marker receiver installed in the cockpit and operator's console of the integrated aircraft control system, which contains four-time redundant computers with power supplies, linear sensors accelerations, angular velocity sensor, position sensors of the controls and socks of the wing and flap control unit, measurement sensors global attack and glide sensors, sensors for measuring full and static pressures, and air-flow braking temperature sensors installed in the cockpit of the pilot and operator; armament control system panels, which contain control units for controlled and uncontrolled weapons and jamming cartridge ejection devices installed in the cockpit of the pilot and operator from the composition of an integrated system of electronic indication, control and aiming three multifunctional color indicators, multifunctional control panels, a sight flax-flight indicator and helmet-mounted target designation and indication system, including helmet-mounted sighting device, electronic unit and scanning device, warning signs installed in the cockpit and operator’s cabin, satellite communication system, two-redundant control system for all-aircraft equipment, including collection units and processing of parametric information and executive units, an on-board objective control system, including an on-board automatic control system, voice warning equipment, on-board operational and protected storage devices and a television objective monitoring system with a control panel, cameras and a video recorder, a communication radio station, an airplane intercom module, an electric power supply system including a main alternating current generation system, an auxiliary alternating current generation system, and a direct current generating system current and emergency DC system on batteries, external and internal lighting technology equipment, an integrated emergency escape system, as well as a double redundant electronic control system for the power plant, while the information exchange system is divided into three independent multiplex information exchange channels, the first of which is the armament control system channel and is intended to be connected to the on-board computer system of the aforementioned nodes of the weapon control system and sighting systems, the second channel is the channel of the automated system The aircraft is designed to be connected to an onboard computer system of an inertial system, a radio navigation system of near navigation and landing, a radio altimeter, an on-board objective control system, a transponder of an air traffic control and state recognition system, an integrated control system, an integrated emergency exit system, an aircraft control system , the electronic control system of the power plant, and the third channel is the channel of an integrated system control electronic indication, control and aiming and is designed to connect to the on-board computer system electronic multifunction indicators, multifunction control panels and aiming flight indicator, is equipped with a means of preliminary processing of signals transmitted by primary information sensors to provide a single information field, and transmit signals to consumers on digital lines of information exchange, an integrated management system associated with the tool signal processing and on-board digital computing system, between the computing system and the control system for aircraft equipment made radial communication with the ability to transfer the last control of the computing process in case of failure of both digital computers of the computing system, multifunctional color indicators of a comprehensive system of electronic indication, control and aiming are completely interchangeable and made with the possibility of providing the pilot with full aerobatics o-navigation information in case of failure of one of them and the minimum amount of flight-navigation information necessary for safe piloting, in case of failure of two of them, radial communications are made between the multifunctional color indicators and the integrated control system with the possibility of the complex switching to manual control in case of failure two digital computers of a computing system and a control system for general aircraft equipment.

 The achievement of the technical result is promoted by the private essential features of the invention.

 Digital computers of the on-board digital computer system and the control system for general aircraft equipment, as well as two multifunctional color indicators of an integrated electronic indication, control and aiming system are connected via power circuits to the battery and rectifier devices of alternating current generators of the main or auxiliary power units with the possibility of uninterrupted power supply.

 The control system for general aircraft equipment includes two digital computers, designed to perform the functions of the aforementioned on-board digital computers in case of failure.

 The drawing shows a functional diagram of the proposed IR avionics (component parts located in the operator's cab in order to simplify the drawing are not shown).

 IC BREO is a complex of functionally related software and hardware, combined by a multiplex information exchange system.

The on-board automated control system (BASU) includes:
- On-board digital computer system (BTsVS) 1 with on-board digital computers 2, 3;
- external storage device (VZU) 4;
- Integrated electronic display system (KSEI), which includes:
a) sighting and flight indicator (PPI) 5,
b) multifunction indicators (MFCI) 6-8,
c) multifunctional control panels (MFPU) 9,
d) a block of switching television signals (BKTS) 10;
- voice information management system (RIUS) 11;
- information input system (SVI) 12;
- helmet-mounted target designation system (NSC) 13;
- system multiplexed channels of information exchange (CIMC) 14-16.

In the navigation complex (NK) there are:
- strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), integrated with satellite navigation system 17, 18;
- radio engineering system of near navigation and landing (RSBN) 19;
- automatic radio compass (ARC) 20;
- marker radio receiver (MCI) 21;
- a state recognition transponder integrated with an aircraft air traffic control transponder (CSO and ATC) 22;
- radio altimeter (RVM) 24.

In the integrated aircraft control system (KSU = SDU + STU) 23 there are:
- digital redundant computers;
- Power supplies;
- electro-hydraulic steering drives of control surfaces;
- angular velocity sensors;
- linear acceleration sensors;
- position sensors redundant;
- LDPE sensors;
- braking temperature receivers;
- aircraft control stick;
- Remote Control.

 In IC BREO, the implementation of the SHS + SPKR + SPPZ functions is integrated into the KSU.

In the on-board electronic complex (BREC) 25 there are:
- radar sighting system (RLPK), which includes:
a) airborne radar station (radar) front view 26;
b) airborne radar station (radar) rearview 27;
c) the on-board digital computer system (BCVS) 28;
- Optoelectronic sighting system (OEPK) 29, which includes:
a) optoelectronic aiming system (OEPS) of the front hemisphere in the hanging container 30;
b) survey-tracking heat direction finder (OSTP) of the rear hemisphere 31;
c) small-sized thermal imaging system (TPS) 32 in a hanging container;
d) a laser spot detector 33;
- requestor of state identification (ZGO) 34;
- local multiplex channel information exchange (LKMIO) 35;
In the airborne defense complex (BKO) 36 there are:
- a complex of electronic countermeasures (CREP), which includes:
a) on-board digital computer (BCM) 38;
b) receiving modules of radio intelligence with antennas (PRMRR) 39;
c) transmitting radio interference modules with antennas (PMR) 40;
d) rear view equipment (AZO) 41;
- laser warning type (SPLO) station 42;
- technical means of setting up volume-absorbing curtains (SCR) and volume-detonating systems (ODS) 43.

The integrated on-board communications complex (IBKS) 44 includes:
- radio communications module in the MV-DMV range 45;
- TLK communication module in the MV-DMV range 46;
- satellite communications module 47;
- equipment for classifying telephone conversations ZAS-TLF 48;
- equipment for securing TLK data ZAS-TLK 49;
- equipment for internal communication and switching (АВСК) 50;
- specialized digital computer (SCV) 51;
- local multiplex channel information exchange (LKMIO) 52.

The weapons management system (SLA) 53 includes:
- on-board digital computer (BTsVM) 54;
- local multiplex channel information exchange 55;
- blocks interfacing with LMKIO (OU SUO) 56;
- executive units (BI) 57, providing unloading of the TSA, including emergency, and control of the built-in gun installation;
- devices for the ejection of powder cartridges (HC) 58.

 The control system for general aircraft equipment (SU OSO) 59 with an executive unit (BI).

In the system of objective control (RNS) 60 there are:
On-board registration device (BUR) 61 consisting of:
- a unit for collecting and processing digital and parametric information (BSPI);
- protected on-board drive (ZBN);
- operational on-board storage (EBN);
- television system of objective control (T-SOK) 62, consisting of:
- cameras in the cabin space;
- video recorder.

The power plant control system (SU SU) includes:
- automatic control system and control of the power plant (ACS SU) 63, 64;
- low-speed engine control knob (ORE). In addition, in the IC avionics are included:
- Aircraft Emergency Escape System (KSAPS) 65;
- power supply system (SES) 66;
- a generator on the APU 67;
- On-board maintenance panels 68.

 The control complex of on-board electronic equipment of modern light multi-purpose aircraft in the course of its work solves a wide range of tasks that are inextricably linked and subordinated to one goal - the successful implementation of a combat operation.

By purpose and time of solution, these tasks can be divided into two groups:
- general, ensuring the operation of the aircraft in the entire range of flight performance characteristics using sources of information about targets on board (radar, ECO), glider control equipment, engine operation, etc;
- special, allowing for the preparation and use of weapons of destruction of targets, electronic countermeasures against them.

 Equipment for the implementation of the first group of tasks, as a rule, functions or is on standby ready for use during all phases of flight, i.e. from take-off to landing.

 Special tasks are solved with the help of equipment that works occasionally: when overcoming the enemy air defense zone, in contact with the target, etc.

 Special equipment is divided into equipment that ensures the operation of the weapon control system (OMS), equipment of the electronic countermeasures complex (EEC).

 According to the functions performed, the LMS and EEC are the subsystems (lower level) in the structure of the UCO and are in close interaction of information, logic, energy with the central computer and other subsystems.

 Functions performed by the equipment and its operation modes can change taking into account the real situation that arose during the performance of a combat mission, for example, communication and information transmission equipment in conducting group actions of an aircraft carries a much greater information load than in single-aircraft operations, and the use of radio countermeasures depends on the radio environment; the equipment of recognition of state affiliation, in addition to the on-duty response, has a request mode, etc.

 Currently, there is a clear tendency to create widespread use of aviation systems based on the basic structure of the aircraft and the basic composition of general-purpose equipment by making changes and additions to navigation tools, sighting systems and weapon control systems.

 For example, training and combat training aircraft; fighter - strike - attack aircraft.

 Consider the list of tasks to be performed on board the fighter-interceptor (IP) and light attack aircraft (LUS), which by design of the airframe and power plant have no significant differences.

 Many of the tasks for aircraft of the fourth and fifth generations are quite complex and can only be solved using modern computer technology.

 For example, the tasks of accurate navigation and flight control; providing supersonic and low-level flight modes with tracking of the terrain; solving the problems of adaptation and self-adjustment of control systems.

 Expanding the BVS functions in terms of monitoring equipment and systems as they are, taking into account the built-in control data, will require solving this set of tasks during the flight mission and, therefore, additional electronic indicators (for equipment monitoring, warning and signaling about its readiness to fulfill its functions and for issuing recommendations to the pilot on the sequence of his actions in a particular emergency).

 The architecture of ICBO is open. It allows you to increase the composition of airborne equipment, the composition of weapons and vary the configuration of the aiming system with minimal modifications to the hardware and the corresponding modifications to the modular software structure of the BCVS and OMS.

 Thus, the proposed open architecture of an integrated complex of airborne equipment allows us to quickly create complexes of airborne equipment for promising light multipurpose aircraft with acceptable weight and size characteristics.

IC BREO provides an algorithmic implementation of the electronic pilot system using artificial intelligence methods and the principles of building expert systems that assist the pilot in making decisions when controlling aircraft and weapons in typical combat situations. The system provides real-time problem solving with the capabilities of active control of the aircraft and its systems in the interests of solving the following problems:
- accumulation of data on the situation, synthesis of the situation on the basis of equally characteristic information with subsequent analysis in real time;
- choosing the optimal trajectory for flying around enemy air defense zones;
- changes and refinement of the flight route;
- a selection of recommendations on the use of tactical decisions at various stages of conducting air combat;
- classification and selection of targets (in terms of RLPK) of simultaneous detection of at least 10 targets, tracking of at least 8 targets, launching missiles for at least 2-4 targets;
- determining the number of simultaneously fired targets, the sequence and order of expendable means of destruction;
- organization of management of the operating modes of the complexes included in the IC avionics;
- the optimal use of detection tools and means of electronic suppression;
- definitions of the interaction and distribution of functions between the planes of the group;
- monitoring the operation of IC avionics, etc.

 A characteristic feature of the promising ICBO is the presence of a global information exchange system and the integration of subsystems (KSU, NK, LMS, BREC, IBKS, LMS OSO) based on local multiplexed information exchange channels that can be implemented with both wired and fiber-optic lines communication within the logical organization of combined information exchange systems.

 It should be noted that the development of options and the degree of automation of airplane control and pilot activity algorithms should be carried out with the simultaneous introduction of new concepts for constructing information and control fields at the workplaces of flight crew members, providing for the creation of comfortable conditions for the pilot to consciously control the situation and their own actions, as well as operational its inclusion in the control loop.

 The introduction of multifunctional means of displaying information and governing bodies changes the principle of "each on-board system has its own indicator (group of indicators) and governing body (group of governing bodies)", applied on third generation airplanes, to the modern principle of "integration of means of displaying information and governing bodies that change their function according to a specific plan, in the information-control fields. " Therefore, at present, a whole series of new requirements are presented to the information-control fields, due to the fact that new means and forms of information display are being introduced, which, like the installed controls, integrate the capabilities of a large number of remotes. The new requirements are due, on the one hand, to the possibility of reducing the dimensions of dashboards along with the optimization of information flows in flight between crew members, as well as the need to present flight information at the flight stages and in the event of an emergency. On the other hand, the operational determination of the functional value of the minimum number of established controls is gaining importance.

 As already indicated, the indicator support for flight and navigation modes, control of the operation of general aircraft equipment and combat use is implemented using three MFCIs on a liquid-crystal matrix, KAI 8, MFPU 9, which are combined into a single integrated information system with a control computer with multiplex and local channels information exchange, which allows not only to present an increasing amount of information from various means on a limited area of the dashboard, but also to optimize the conditions for perception quantitative instrumental and natural extra-cabin information, increase its visibility. The MFCI, KAI and MFPU were also linked to the control computer center using redundant radial channels of information exchange.

 In order to increase survivability, two of the MFCI 6-8 and the control computer are connected to the power supply system in the first category, i.e., as already mentioned, they are powered by a battery and rectifier devices of an alternating current generator, main or auxiliary power units.

 The principle of interchangeability of indicators allows, in case of failure of one of the three MFCIs, to provide almost the full amount of information for the performance of the flight and navigation task, and for the case of failure of two of the MFCI 5-7, a special emergency information frame has been developed that provides the issuance of the minimum flight and navigation information on one not the failed MFCI needed for safe piloting.

 Refusal to use the main and backup electromechanical devices allows you to rationally use the area of the dashboard, while reducing the degree of saturation of information with the operational field of perception.

 Thus, the proposed IC avionics solution solves a wide range of problems and is characterized by increased reliability.

Claims (3)

 1. An integrated complex of on-board equipment of a light combat trainer aircraft, containing an on-board digital computer system for flight and combat training control, connected with an information exchange system and consisting of two digital computers connected with each other with the possibility of backup, an external storage device and a system input information related to the on-board digital computer system, inertial system, short-range navigation and landing radio engineering system and transponder s air traffic control and state recognition systems connected by a single antenna-feeder system, an automatic radio compass, a radio altimeter with a transceiver and an antenna device, a marker receiver installed in the cockpit and operator's console of the integrated aircraft control system, which contains four-time redundant computers with power supplies, linear sensors accelerations, angular velocity sensor, position sensors of the controls and socks of the wing and flap control unit, angle measurement sensors in attacks and glides, sensors for measuring full and static pressures and receivers of braking air temperature installed in the cockpit of the pilot and operator of the weapon control system, which contains control units for controlled and uncontrolled weapons and an ejection device for jamming cartridges installed in the cockpit of the complex electronic indication, control and aiming systems, three multifunctional color indicators, an indicator on the windshield, multifunctional control panels avionics, sighting and flight indicator and helmet-mounted target designation and indication system, including helmet-mounted sighting device, electronic unit and scanning device installed in the cockpit of the pilot and the operator’s warning signs, satellite communications system, double-redundant control system for general aircraft equipment, including units collection and processing of parametric information and executive units, an on-board objective control system, including an on-board automatic control system monitoring equipment, voice warning equipment, on-board operational and protected drives and a television objective monitoring system with a control panel, cameras and a video recording unit, a communications radio station, an airplane intercom module, an electrical power supply system including a main alternating current generation system, an auxiliary alternating current generating system, DC power generation system and emergency DC battery system, external and internal e lighting equipment, an integrated emergency escape system, as well as a double redundant electronic control system for the power plant, while the information exchange system is divided into three independent multiplex information exchange channels, the first of which is the channel of the weapon control system and is designed to connect to the onboard computer system the mentioned nodes of the weapon control system and sighting systems, the second channel is a channel of automation This aircraft control system is designed to connect an inertial system, a short-range navigation and landing radio system to the on-board computer system, a radio altimeter, an on-board objective control system, an air traffic control and state recognition transponder, an integrated control system, an integrated aircraft emergency exit system, and a control system general aircraft equipment, an electronic control system of the power plant, and the third channel is a computer channel electronic control system for electronic indication, control and aiming and is designed to connect to the on-board computer system of electronic multifunction indicators, multifunction control panels and sight-and-flight indicator, characterized in that it is equipped with a means of preliminary processing of signals transmitted by primary information sensors to provide a single information field and signal transmission to consumers through digital lines of information exchange, an integrated control system Radial communications were made between the computing system and the on-board digital computer system between the computer system and the control system for general aircraft equipment with the possibility of transferring the last control of the computer process in case of failure of both digital computers of the computer system, multifunctional color indicators of an integrated electronic display and control system and aiming are completely interchangeable and are made with the possibility of To provide the pilot with complete flight and navigation information in case of failure of one of them and the minimum amount of flight and navigation information necessary for safe piloting, in case of failure of two of them, radial communications are made between the multifunctional color indicators and the integrated control system with the possibility of the complex switching to the mode manual control in case of failure of two digital computers of a computing system and a control system for general aircraft equipment.  2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the digital computers of the on-board digital computer system and the control system for general aircraft equipment, as well as two multifunctional color indicators of an integrated system of electronic indication, control and aiming, are connected via power circuits to the battery and rectifier devices of generators alternating current of the main or auxiliary power units with the possibility of uninterrupted power supply.  3. The complex under item 1 or 2, characterized in that the control system for general aircraft equipment includes two digital computers designed to perform the functions of the aforementioned on-board digital computers in case of failure.