RU2768998C9 - Transport and combat helicopter (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation technology.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to three variants of a transport and combat helicopter. Each of the helicopter variants contains a fuselage, a main rotor, a tail rotor, a twin-engine power plant with a dust-proof device, a helicopter control system, engines and a stabilizer, a retractable landing gear, and a weapons system. The first version of the helicopter additionally contains a digital flight and navigation system, made with the possibility of backup display of information. The second version of the helicopter contains an observation and sighting system, as well as equipment for stabilization, control and aiming of guided missiles. The third option contains lighting equipment that is visible only when using night vision goggles.

EFFECT: increase in the functionality of the helicopter group is provided.

10 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The claimed group of inventions relates to aviation technology, namely to the design of a helicopter equipped with various types of weapons, a navigation system, an aiming and computing system and night vision equipment, and designed to solve combat missions at any time of the day, transport various cargoes, transport troops, wounded and their fire cover.

Known analogues are helicopters described in the book [1] by Mikheev V.R. "MVZ named after M.L. Mil - 50 years", M., "Favorite Book", 1998, pp. 186-187, 197; [2] Shunkova V.N. "Combat helicopters", Mn., "Harvest", 1998, pp. 37-45; [3] Sekacha N.A. Mi-24 Combat Helicopter, M., Exprint Publishing House LLC, 2001, pp. 9-11.

Another analogue is a transport and combat helicopter of a similar purpose (patent RU 194131 U1, В64С 27/04, publ. 11/28/2019). The helicopter carrying system includes a main rotor with a hub with spherical metal-rubber bearings and blades made of polymer composite materials and a four-blade X-shaped tail rotor. The power plant contains two gas turbine engines, dust protection devices and screen-exhaust devices. The helicopter is made with fixed landing gear. The helicopter also contains a navigation and electronic indication complex. To solve combat missions, the helicopter provides for the placement of a fixed mobile cannon mount and complexes of unguided and guided missile weapons with a surveillance and sighting system and an aiming and computer system, allowing the use of weapons at any time of the day. The design of the fixed movable cannon mount is equipped with a modified linkage, while elements of the system for ejecting false thermal targets are installed on the fuselage.

The advantages of the analogue are the increased operational reliability of the transport and combat helicopter, increased combat efficiency and flight safety due to the installation of complexes and systems based on modern digital element base, digital exchange and interaction channels, the installation of a surveillance and aiming station that allows solving combat missions at any time of the day. .

The disadvantages of the analogue are the high cost of manufacturing the helicopter and its constituent purchased products and systems; decrease in aerodynamic characteristics due to the installation of a non-retractable landing gear, a decrease in the usable area of the wing panels.

A dashboard with a system of instruments in the cockpit of an aircraft is known (patent US2014266979, G01C 23/00, publ. 09/18/2014), which includes a first display capable of displaying at least one of the flight task data or system monitoring data aircraft, and a second display for controlling a plurality of display options on the first display.

Known system of instrumentation and display system (patent US2012256768, G01C 23/00, publ. 11.10.2012). Embodiments of the invention relate to instrumentation systems and display systems using multi-view displays on various land, sea, air and/or space vehicles. In one embodiment of the invention, an avionics system for a cockpit instrument panel includes at least one multi-view display configured to display at least two views associating one view with a first crew member and another view with a second crew member. crew. In another embodiment of the invention, the standby instrument may be displayed on each of the two multi-view displays such that the standby instrument is visible to every crew member at any time during aircraft operation.

The closest in design to the claimed analogue (prototype) is the Mi-24P helicopter (see Moroz S., Prikhodchenko I. "Universal army combat helicopter Mi-24", M., LLC "Publishing house" Exprint ", 2005, pp. 17-20 [4]). The prototype is a transport-combat helicopter containing a fuselage, a main rotor with blades made of metal materials, a three-bladed tail rotor, a twin-engine power plant with a dustproof device, a helicopter control system, engines and a stabilizer, a screen-exhaust device, a retractable landing gear, a fixed gun mount, a complex guided missile weapons with sighting and aiming system, sighting and computing system, unguided missile weapons.

The advantages of the prototype are high aerodynamic characteristics, including maximum speed, maximum cruising speed, high controllability, achieved through the layout of the fuselage with elongated wing panels and retractable landing gear; as well as the low cost of manufacturing and refining components and assemblies of a helicopter that has been mastered in series.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the old analog element base used in weapons systems, flight and navigation systems and all others. Also, the disadvantage is the impossibility of replacing failed components and assemblies in connection with their mass removal from production; restrictions on the operation of the observation and sighting station and the use of aircraft weapons exclusively in the daytime.

Due to the complexity of the tasks assigned to a modern transport-combat helicopter, the complexity of piloting a helicopter at any time of the day of use, especially in combat use, takeoffs and landings at night and at low altitudes, the solution of the technical problem of ensuring an increase in the effectiveness of the combat use of a helicopter at low altitudes becomes especially significant. all flight modes while increasing the efficiency of helicopter operation and maintaining the high aerodynamic characteristics of the claimed prototype.

The technical result of applying the proposed technical solution is to increase the operational reliability and safety of flights, the combat effectiveness of the transport-combat helicopter, increase the safety of flights and combat survivability when using weapons at any time of the day.

To achieve a technical result, a transport-combat helicopter is proposed, containing a fuselage, a main rotor, a tail rotor, a twin-engine power plant with a dust protection device, a helicopter control system, engines and a stabilizer, a retractable landing gear, an armament complex, in accordance with the claimed invention, characterized in that the helicopter equipped with a digital flight and navigation complex, which is an integrated system consisting of a central computer, information output devices (monitors), a satellite navigation system and the necessary means of switching signals; which includes an integrated redundant instrumentation system, with the help of which a separate monitor located on the instrument panels provides a digital backup of the readings of analog instruments of the navigation system.

To achieve a technical result, a transport-combat helicopter is also proposed, containing a fuselage, a main rotor, a tail rotor, a twin-engine power plant with a dust protection device, a helicopter control system, engines and a stabilizer, a retractable landing gear, an armament complex, in accordance with the claimed invention, characterized in that the helicopter is equipped with a surveillance and sighting system with the ability to work at any time of the day based on a gyro-stabilized optical-electronic system, while modules of thermal imaging, television and rangefinder channels, a stabilization and control system and a guided missile guidance channel are placed on a mobile gyro-stabilized platform.

To achieve a technical result, a transport-combat helicopter is also proposed, containing a fuselage, a main rotor, a tail rotor, a twin-engine power plant with a dust protection device, a helicopter control system, engines and a stabilizer, a retractable landing gear, an armament complex, in accordance with the claimed invention, characterized in that the pilot's helmet is equipped with night vision goggles, and the helicopter is equipped with lighting equipment that is adapted for the use of night vision goggles by applying a special coating to all scales, indicators and visualization elements in the cockpit, and external lighting equipment has an additional mode of operation in which radiation is produced with a wavelength of light visible only when using night vision goggles.

At the same time, lighting equipment is installed on the helicopter, which is adapted for the use of night vision goggles, partly based on LED lamps.

In addition, instrument panels are located in the cockpits of the helicopter, each of which has an artificial horizon, a rotor speed indicator, a speed indicator, a radio altimeter, a barometric altimeter, a variometer, a clock, an engine speed indicator, a monitor, and light panels with emergency indication.

The helicopter is also equipped with a mobile cannon mount.

At the same time, an airborne defense complex is installed on the helicopter, while external threat detection sensors are located in gondolas located on the outer pylons of the wing consoles.

In addition, screen-exhaust devices are installed on the helicopter.

At the same time, the helicopter is equipped with a set of radio communications, which is a set of individual units and controls.

The helicopter is also equipped with a digital device for recording flight information.

The use of all of the above systems on a helicopter at the same time allows you to maximize the operational reliability, combat survivability, combat effectiveness and flight safety of a transport-combat helicopter.

The use of a digital flight and navigation complex on a helicopter, which is an integrated system consisting of a central computer, information output devices, a satellite navigation system and the necessary means of switching signals, which includes an integrated system of standby instruments, with the help of which a backup display is performed in digital form readings of analog instruments of the navigation system on separate monitors located on the instrument panels is aimed at improving the operational reliability and safety of the transport and combat helicopter flights.

The use on a helicopter of a surveillance and sighting system with the ability to work at any time of the day, made on the basis of a gyro-stabilized optoelectronic system, including modules of thermal imaging, television and rangefinder channels, a stabilization and control system and a guided missile guidance channel placed on a mobile gyro-stabilized platform, is aimed at increasing the combat effectiveness of a transport-combat helicopter.

The installation of lighting equipment on the helicopter, which is adapted for the use of night vision goggles, is aimed at improving flight safety and combat survivability when weapons are used at night.

Placement of instrument panels in the cockpits of the helicopter crew, each of which has an attitude indicator, a main rotor speed indicator, a speed indicator, a radio altimeter, a barometric altimeter, a variometer, a clock, an engine speed indicator, a monitor, light panels with emergency indication, is aimed at improving the safety of performance. flights at any time of the day.

The design of the transport-combat helicopter is illustrated by drawings, which show:

fig. 1 - transport and combat helicopter, side view;

fig. 2 - transport-combat helicopter, the same, top view;

fig. 3 - transport-combat helicopter, the same, front view;

fig. 4 - pilot's dashboard;

fig. 5 - left side console of the pilot;

fig. 6 - operator's dashboard;

fig. 7 - right operator console;

fig. 8 - an example of a frame displayed on the monitor of the integrated system of backup instruments of the digital flight and navigation complex.

The transport-combat helicopter (Fig. 1, 2, 3) includes a fuselage 1, a main rotor 2 with blades 3, a tail rotor 4. The power plant contains two gas turbine engines 5 with dust protection devices 6 and screen-exhaust devices (not shown). Chassis 7 is retractable. In front of the fuselage 1, a fixed movable gun mount 8 is installed. On each wing console 9 (Fig. 3), gondolas 11 are installed on the outer pylons 10 to accommodate sensors for detecting external threats, while on the wing consoles themselves, two beam holders 12 are installed for suspension blocks for the use of unguided, guided missiles and other weapons 13, including external fuel tanks.

In order to ensure combat use at any time of the day, the helicopter is equipped with a guided missile weapon system, an aiming and computing system, a navigation and electronic indication system, and night vision aids (not shown in the drawing). The cockpit of the helicopter is equipped with means for adapting lighting and signaling equipment to the night vision goggles used by the crew. The adaptation was made by refining all analog flight instruments by applying a special coating to all scales, indicators and visualization elements. When flying at night with the use of night vision goggles, the required level of reading of all indicators is provided, while there is no need for additional illumination of instruments on the dashboard. General view of the dashboards shown in Fig.4, 6.

The modernized complex of guided missile weapons is made with a sighting complex based on a gyro-stabilized optoelectronic system installed (Fig. 3) in the forward part of the fuselage 1, in which modules of thermal imaging, television and rangefinding channels, stabilization systems and control and guidance channel for guided missiles. The complex is designed to destroy stationary and mobile ground targets, low-speed air targets, enemy manpower in simple and limited-difficult weather conditions at any time of the day.

To be able to counteract portable anti-aircraft missile systems, the installation of an ejection system has been introduced into the composition of the transport-combat helicopter. The system of ejection of false thermal targets, consisting of executive units 14 (Fig. 1, 2), control units and fuses (not shown) is located on the transport-combat helicopter as follows.

Executive blocks 14 are located outside the fuselage in close proximity to the output nozzles of engines 5. Executive blocks 14 are located at certain angles to the construction axes of the helicopter to ensure maximum efficiency and safety of the ejection system. At the same time, the location in the immediate vicinity of the engine exit makes it possible to create a semblance of a thermal trail of a helicopter in the field of view of the missiles for the subsequent withdrawal of the missile's guidance to the helicopter.

The control units and the fuse box of the decoy system are located inside the fuselage in the technical compartments (not shown).

To increase the effectiveness of countering man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems, as well as other external threats, nacelles 11 are installed on the external pylons 10 to accommodate sensors for detecting external threats. Thus, the sensors are located at the maximum distance from the structure of the fuselage 1 to prevent its parts from falling into the field of view of the optical channels of the sensors, which guarantees the absence of shading zones (“blind zones”) in the shading diagram of their operation.

The digital flight navigation system includes two instrument panels 15 and 16 located in the cockpit.

On the dashboard of the pilot 15 (Fig. 4) are navigation devices adapted for the use of night vision goggles. They include attitude indicator 17, overload indicator 18, rotor speed indicator 19, speed indicator 20, radio altimeter 21, barometric altimeter 22, variometer 23, clock 24, temperature indicator 25, engine speed indicator 26, rotor pitch indicator 27, monitor 28. Light panels 29 with emergency indication are located in the upper part of the instrument panel 15. Also on the instrument panel is a monitor 30, which is part of the integrated backup instrument system, which is a backup system for displaying information necessary for navigation on helicopter systems. On the left side panel of the pilot 31 (Fig. 5) there are controls for the complex of communications 32 and a control panel for the flight and navigation complex 33.

On the operator's dashboard 16 (Fig. 6) there are navigation devices adapted for the use of night vision goggles. They include attitude indicator 17, rotor speed indicator 19, speed indicator 20, radio altimeter 21, barometric altimeter 22, variometer 23, clock 24, engine speed indicator 26, monitor 28. boards 16. Also on the dashboard is a monitor 30, which is part of the integrated system of backup instruments, which is a backup system for displaying information necessary for navigation on helicopter systems. On the right operator console 34 (Fig. 7) there are controls for the complex of communication means 32.

Monitors 29 display visual information received, among other things, by systems of the surveillance and sighting complex.

The digital flight and navigation complex is an integrated system consisting of a central computer, information output devices (monitors 28), a satellite navigation system and the necessary signal switching facilities. The complex provides:

- calculation of the current coordinates of the helicopter location, their correction using information from the satellite navigation system and characteristic landmarks;

- programming and storage in the non-volatile memory of the onboard database of navigation points, airfields, flight routes;

- operational reprogramming of the route in flight;

- storage in non-volatile memory of an electronic map of the area with the provision of changing its scale synchronously with changing the scale of the navigation frame;

- Accounting for the consumption of ammunition and indication of the remaining ammunition in accordance with the type of the selected weapon.

- reception, processing and indication of flight and navigation information; overview information from a gyro-stabilized optical-electronic system; information about failures of the systems and blocks that are part of the complex and interacting with it; information on reaching the maximum flight parameters in terms of roll, pitch and speed.

The indication of the above information and parameters is carried out using the monitor 28, which is equipped with a set of buttons on its frame, allowing the pilot or operator to select a frame or frame option and interact with the selected helicopter systems.

A distinctive feature of the digital flight and navigation complex is the presence of an integrated system of backup instruments. The system is a separate monitor 30 with a calculator (Fig. 8), which receives data from the main sensors located on the helicopter.

An example frame (Fig. 8) displays a digital version of the readings of analog instruments of the navigation system, such as attitude indicator 17, speed indicator 20, barometric altimeter 22, variometer 23. Other combinations of displayed instruments can be selected at the request of the pilot or operator.

At the same time, digital information displayed in real time makes it possible to control the readings of analog sensors and display units located on the instrument panels, including preventing instrument failures, the incorrect readings of which can affect the safety of the flight.

The complex of communication means is a set of separate units, controls and provides:

open telephone radio communication with ground control posts and other aircraft equipped with equipment that provides counter work;

retransmission of speech information in the specified ranges;

internal telephone communication between crew members and a technician in the cargo compartment in flight and during pre-flight preparation;

external telephone radio communication in the specified ranges through the command radio station of the technician in the cargo compartment;

voice notification of the crew about emergencies;

documentation of telephone conversations of the crew. The controls of the communications complex 32 allow you to select the required communication mode, select the frequency for the crew to negotiate, and so on.

External lighting equipment is adapted for the use of night vision goggles. It includes navigation lights 35, located at the ends of the wing consoles, and flight lights in formation 36, located on the upper plane of the wing consoles and tail boom. The mode of constant inclusion, or the mode of "blinking" is possible. All navigation lights 35, flight lights 36 and other light emitting elements have an additional mode of operation in which the radiation is produced at a wavelength of light visible only when using night vision goggles. This solution allows to increase the combat survivability of the helicopter when performing combat missions at night. A variant of the execution of air navigation lights 35, formation flight lights 36 and other light-emitting elements is the use of LED lamps as the main working element in their composition.

Installing all of the above systems at the same time allows you to maximize the operational reliability, combat survivability, combat effectiveness and flight safety of a transport-combat helicopter. At the same time, each of the systems is independent of the others, which makes it possible to install systems separately selected by the customer to improve individual characteristics of the helicopter.

There are basic options for installing systems that significantly expand the possibilities of using a helicopter:

In the first version, the helicopter is equipped with a digital flight and navigation complex with an integrated system of backup instruments, while increasing the operational reliability and flight safety of the transport and combat helicopter.

In the second version, the helicopter is equipped with a sighting system with the ability to work at any time of the day, while the combat effectiveness of the transport-combat helicopter is maximized.

In the third version, the helicopter is equipped with lighting equipment adapted for the use of night vision goggles, while the pilot's helmet is equipped with night vision goggles. This variant increases flight safety and combat survivability when weapons are used at night.

In each of the basic options, it is possible to install additional systems and equipment from the following: mobile gun mount; airborne defense complex; screen-exhaust device; complex of means of communication; digital recorder of flight information.

Claims (13)

1. A transport-combat helicopter, containing a fuselage, a main rotor, a tail rotor, a twin-engine power plant with a dustproof device, a helicopter control system, engines and a stabilizer, a retractable landing gear, an armament complex, characterized in that the helicopter is equipped with a digital flight and navigation complex, which is an integrated system consisting of a central computer, information output devices, a satellite navigation system and the necessary means of switching signals, which includes an integrated system of backup instruments, with the help of which, on monitors, located on the dashboards, there is a backup display in digital form of the readings of analog instruments of the navigation system. 2. A transport-combat helicopter, containing a fuselage, a main rotor, a tail rotor, a twin-engine power plant with a dust protection device, a helicopter control system, engines and a stabilizer, a retractable landing gear, an armament complex, characterized in that the helicopter is equipped with a surveillance and sighting system with the ability to work at any time of the day based on a gyro-stabilized optical-electronic system, while modules of thermal imaging, television and rangefinder channels, a stabilization and control system and a guided missile guidance channel are placed on a mobile gyro-stabilized platform. 3. A transport-combat helicopter, containing a fuselage, a main rotor, a tail rotor, a twin-engine power plant with a dust protection device, a helicopter control system, engines and a stabilizer, a retractable landing gear, an armament complex, characterized in that the pilot's helmet is equipped with night vision goggles, and the helicopter is equipped with lighting equipment that is adapted for the use of night vision goggles by applying a special coating to all scales, indicators and visualization elements in the cockpit, and external lighting equipment has an additional mode of operation, in which radiation is produced with a wavelength of light visible only when using night vision goggles. 4. Transport and combat helicopter according to claim 3, characterized in that the helicopter has lighting equipment that is adapted for the use of night vision goggles, partly based on LED lamps. 5. Transport-combat helicopter according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that instrument panels are placed in the cockpits of the helicopter, each of which has an artificial horizon, a rotor speed indicator, a speed indicator, a radio altimeter, a barometric altimeter, a variometer, a clock, an engine speed indicator, a monitor, light panels with emergency indication. 6. Transport-combat helicopter according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the helicopter is equipped with a movable gun mount. 7. Transport-combat helicopter according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the onboard defense complex is installed on the helicopter, while the sensors for detecting external threats are located in the gondolas located on the outer pylons of the wing consoles. 8. Transport-combat helicopter according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that screen-exhaust devices are installed on the helicopter. 9. Transport-combat helicopter according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the helicopter is equipped with a set of radio communications, which is a set of separate units and controls. 10. Transport-combat helicopter according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the helicopter is equipped with a digital device for recording flight information.

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