RU2520174C2 - Helicopter onboard hardware complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering. Helicopter onboard hardware comprises the complex electronic indication and signalling system, flight complex, flight-navigation hardware, general equipment control system, height-speed data processing complex, general equipment control boards, cabin illumination adjustment system, integrated system of standby instruments, air traffic control system responder, compact data collection and registration system, communication hardware complex, digital card generator, weather-and-navigation radar system, earth proximity early warning system, onboard diagnostics system, set of onboard lighting and light signalling hardware complex, navigation computation boards, emergent rescue radio beacons, system of emergency and annunciation signalling system, primary data exchange system and audio channel of data exchange.

EFFECT: enhanced flight performances, higher safety, reliability and efficiency.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to airborne equipment that provides an indication, alarm, navigation, control of helicopter equipment (OBO), helicopter navigation, radio communications, interaction in the air traffic management system (ATM).

A known set of aircraft avionics equipment containing an interconnected navigation system, a source data setting system, an aiming system, an aircraft control system, a weapon control system, an indication system, a motion parameter correction device, a motion parameter generating device that generates motionless ground targets in the location mode information signals of the mode of optimal correction of navigation and sighting parameters, providing accuracy of navi generation, control and indication, improving the accuracy of the use of weapons and, as a consequence, increasing the combat effectiveness of the aircraft equipped with the proposed complex, especially helicopters and front-line aircraft [1].

A disadvantage of the known invention is the limited amount of information necessary in flight control, which reduces the reliability of the flight mission.

Closest to the proposed invention is an integrated on-board flight and navigation complex of a helicopter containing an interconnected navigation system, a helicopter control system, an indication system, an on-board computer that performs the functions of setting initial data, generating and correcting motion parameters, an analog and discrete information conversion system, a device integrated information generation, interface device. [2].

However, the well-known complex adopted as a prototype does not sufficiently satisfy the ever-increasing requirements for modern helicopters in terms of such characteristics as the degree of flight automation, multi-mode, all-weather use and round-the-clock use, a high level of reliability, and crew comfort. These shortcomings are manifested in the insufficiently complete level of integration of the helicopter's onboard equipment, in the non-redundancy (single-channel) of individual signal reception, processing and delivery paths.

The creation of the complex is aimed at solving problems related to the expansion of operational capabilities, increasing the safety of piloting and the use of helicopters, increasing the reliability of the complex.

To achieve a technical result, which consists in expanding operational capabilities, increasing pilot safety and helicopter efficiency, increasing the reliability of the complex, a complex of onboard equipment for the KBO helicopter is proposed, containing:

integrated system of electronic indication and signaling KSEIS; redundant control system for general helicopter equipment SUOVO;

redundant piloting complex of the PKV helicopter;

redundant information complex of high-speed parameters IKVSP;

PUOVO control panels for general helicopter equipment;

remote control computers calculating navigation;

system for regulating the in-cab lighting of SVKO;

integrated system of backup devices ISRP;

flight control and navigation equipment PNA,

air traffic control transponder;

secure flight recorder;

round-the-clock CBS review system;

KSS communication complex;

airborne transponder with VHF data line;

digital card generator;

weather radar station MnRLS;

early warning system of proximity to land SRPBZ;

BSDV helicopter on-board diagnostic system;

alarm system and warning signal STAUS;

emergency rescue beacons;

laser-television system LTS;

set of indoor lighting and signaling equipment STO;

main channel of information exchange;

video channel of information exchange;

audio channel of information exchange.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a complex of onboard equipment of a helicopter.

The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter contains:

integrated system of electronic indication and alarm KSEIS 1, consisting of multi-functional indicators;

control system for general helicopter equipment SUOVO 2, consisting of conversion and calculation units, switching and protection units;

pilot complex of the PKV 3 helicopter, consisting of flight control computers, autopilot control panels, setpoint controllers, communication and adaptation units, trim mechanisms, control wiring position sensors, control intervention sensors, primary information sensor blocks, duplicate steering mechanisms;

information complex of high-speed parameters IKVSP 4, consisting of air signal calculators, air pressure receivers, braking temperature sensors, helicopter airspeed vector sensors;

PUOVO 5 general-helicopter equipment control panels, consisting of the left pilot panel, the right pilot panel, the middle pilot panel, the PNA panel, the console of the OBO systems, etc .;

remote control computers navigation PVN 6, 7 with integrated satellite receivers;

a system for regulating in-cab lighting SVKO 8, consisting of lighting control units;

ISRP 9 integrated backup instrument system, consisting of a multifunctional indicator, a magnetic digital heading sensor, and a backup power source;

flight control and navigation equipment PNA 10, consisting of a radio altimeter, a set of navigation and landing equipment VOR / ILS / marker receiver / automatic radio compass, inertial directionals with magnetic heading sensors, a DME radio range finder, a Doppler meter for components of the ground speed and drift angle, reception and conversion equipment differential data;

air traffic control system ATC transponder 11, consisting of a transmitter unit and antennas;

a secure on-board recorder 12, consisting of a unit, a control panel, a microphone dynamic device;

COS 13 round-the-clock surveillance system, consisting of a front-view TV and thermal imaging system, a video recording system, a television bottom view camera, a rear view television system, a color television camera, a television signal switching unit;

KSS 14 communications complex, consisting of an MV-band radio station, a KV-band radio station, a DMV-band radio station, a digital integrated communication module, control panels for communication equipment;

an on-board transponder station 15 with a VHF data line consisting of a radio station unit and an antenna;

a digital card generator 16, consisting of a card generator and a control panel;

МнРЛС 17 weather radar station, consisting of an antenna transceiver unit;

an early warning system for the proximity of land SRPBZ 18, consisting of a unit and a control panel;

the on-board monitoring and diagnostic system BSDV 19, consisting of a unit for accumulating and processing diagnostic information, vibration sensors, phase sensors, torque sensors, a removable memory module;

alarm and notification alarm system STAUS 20, consisting of an alarm and notification alarm panel;

emergency rescue beacons 21, consisting of an automatic stationary radio beacon and a portable emergency rescue beacon;

laser-television system LTS 22, consisting of an optical-electronic unit and an electronic processing unit;

a set of internal lighting and signaling equipment STO 23, consisting of a light-signal panel, a light-signal panel with control, lamps;

the main channel of information exchange 24, which is a combination of digital and analog data lines that combine the equipment included in the complex;

information exchange video channel 25, combining the equipment included in the complex by means of video signals;

audio channel of information exchange 26, combining the equipment included in the complex by means of sound frequency signals.

The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter operates as follows.

The information complex of altitude-speed parameters IKVSP 4 provides the perception with the help of LDPE air pressure receivers the measurement of altitude-speed parameters, including components of the airspeed vector using airspeed sensors, as well as the warning of critical piloting modes. IKVSP carries out information exchange through the main channel of information exchange 24 with PCV 3 systems, the transponder of the air traffic control system 11, MnRLS 17, ISRP 9, transponder radio 15, SRPBZ 18 and inertial directional lines from PNA 10, as well as through the audio data exchange channel 26 with KCC 14.

The use of helicopter speed vector sensors allows calculating altitude and speed parameters and performing aerobatic tasks for any direction of helicopter movement over the entire operating speed range.

Flight and navigation equipment PNA 10 performs continuous automatic determination of the spatial position of the helicopter relative to ground-based radio navigation aids and the earth's surface. Information from the PNA 10 through the main channel of information exchange 24 enters KSEIS 1, SUOVO 2, PKV 3 and PVN 6, 7, as well as through the audio channel information exchange 26 in KSS 14.

Navigation control panels PVN 6, 7 continuously calculate the coordinates of the helicopter according to the GPS / GLONASS satellite navigation system to provide a solution to the helicopter problem in accordance with the requirements of four-dimensional zone navigation in the conditions of the required navigation characteristics, provide PNA 10 adjustment, as well as route planning, construction flight and approach trajectories, calculation of coordinates according to the results of integrated information processing, calculation of wind speed and direction.

MFDs interact with each other and over the main channel of information exchange 24 with KSEIS 1, SUOVO 2, PKV 3, IKVSP 4, PNA 10, the defendant of the air traffic control system 11, the radio transponder 15, the generator of digital cards 16, SRPBZ 18, AWP 21 .

The pilot complex of the PKV 3 helicopter solves the problems of improving the handling characteristics, increasing the stability and safety of piloting with manual, automatic, director and combined methods of controlling the helicopter.

PKV 3 performs automatic stabilization of the angular position of the helicopter - increasing the stability of the angular position and improving the controllability of angular movement; automatic stabilization of the set flight parameters, including on the approach path, departure to the second circle; automatic trimming of control wiring, the formation and issuance of signals for display in KSEIS 1. PKV through the main channel of information exchange 24 interacts with KSEIS 1, SUOVO 2, PNA 10, KOS 13.

The integrated system of electronic indication and alarm KSEIS 1 contains a number (3 ... 5) of high-resolution multifunctional LCD indicators that provide the crew with information on aerobatic and navigation parameters, weather conditions, terrain, status, propulsion and helicopter systems, signal information, and situation in the cockpit space and cargo compartment (passenger compartment). The principle of interchangeability of indicators allows in case of failure to provide the full amount of information for piloting. SUOVO 2, PKV 3, IKVSP 4, PVN 6, 7, PNA 10, KOS 13, digital map generator 16, airborne transponder station with VHF data line 15, MnRLS 17, SRPBZ 18 are sources of information displayed by the KSEIS 1 system . Interaction is carried out on the main channel of information exchange 24 and video channel information exchange 25.

The use of an integrated backup instrument system ISRP 9 with a backup power supply instead of a group of navigation and navigation electromechanical devices as part of the BWC provides the crew with navigation and navigation information in the event of a failure of the main systems or the power supply system. In addition, this technical solution improves the ergonomics of the cab. ISRP receives information on the main channel of information exchange 24 from the inertial heading vertical from PNA 10 and from IKVSP 4. ISRP information is used by KSEIS 1 in the algorithms for identifying an unreliable source of roll and pitch information in the BWC to give the appropriate signaling to the crew.

The introduction of a control system for general helicopter equipment SUOVO 2 into the BWC allows for monitoring the status of the interfaced OBM and subsystems of the complex, as well as “intelligent” power management for onboard consumers. To increase reliability, SUOVO contains up to three independent channels for receiving, processing, and generating information.

SUOVO 2 provides:

- reception and conversion into digital code of analog, discrete and digital signals from airborne sensors and systems;

- logical processing of an array of input information;

- formation and issuance of an array of data for transmission to KSEIS 1 in order to provide the helicopter crew with information about the parameters and condition of the power plant and helicopter systems, as well as signaling messages;

- the formation and delivery of data to interfaced systems through the main channel of information exchange 24;

- issuing signals to turn on the central signal lights;

- the formation and issuance of commands to control the launch of integrated control of interfaced systems;

- the formation, accumulation, storage in non-volatile memory and the issuance through the main channel of information exchange 24 in KSEIS 1 and in the ground support equipment for operational information; carrying out control of their own performance and control of interfaced systems on the ground and in flight.

SUOVO 2 through the protection and switching units manages the switching power supply of the on-board consumers, protecting the on-board consumers from overcurrent and short circuit during power distribution.

The SUOVO 2 system interacts with KSEI 1, PKV 3, IKVSP 4, PVN 6, 7, ISRP 9, a radio altimeter from PNA 10, KOS 13, a radio transponder 15, a digital card generator 16, and MnRLS 17, through the main channel of information exchange 24, SRPBZ 18. Also, the SUOVO 2 system is associated with a group of OBO PUOVO 5 control panels that provide both “direct” control commands in the PSB and information on the main information exchange channel 24 for issuing power commands for the PSB control via switching and protection units.

Thus, the multichannel control system for general helicopter equipment provides increased safety and efficiency of helicopter navigation, and also reduces the psychophysical load on the crew by automating a number of routine procedures.

PUOVO 5 general-helicopter equipment control panels perform the function of controlling helicopter systems and indicating their status. They are unified by the types of controls used (buttons, switches, cremalleers) and are made in a single ergonomic style. Control of interfaced systems is carried out both in manual and automatic modes. PUOVO interacts with SUOVO 2, SVKO 8, general helicopter equipment, main and auxiliary power plants.

Expanding the conditions of use of the helicopter and the range of tasks that the crew solves requires the installation of special systems. For these purposes, in particular, in the KBO, the round-the-clock viewing system COS 13 was used, which provides high-resolution television and thermal imaging cameras for round-the-clock viewing of the anterior space of the front hemisphere, an overview of the space of the lower and rear hemispheres, and observation of the interior. The CBS system makes it easier for the crew to land in conditions of poor visibility, and also allows you to perform aerial work (for example, aerial reconnaissance, search and rescue of people, etc.). KOS carries out the formation of video information from its cameras and receives video information from the digital card generator 16 and LTS 22, then the video information selected by the crew for display is transmitted to the KSEIS 1 system through the video exchange channel 25. Also, the CBS interacts with MNLS 17 through the main channel of information exchange 24.

The KSS 14 communications complex provides the crew with two-way open telephone radio communications in the MB, KB and UHF bands with aircraft, ground control centers of the ATM system, and is also used for internal communication between crew members and passengers. In addition to internal and external radio communications, the KSS provides loud-speaking notification, communication with ground support personnel, and control of the location of the helicopter by the operating organization. KSS interacts on the main channel of information exchange 24 with SUOVO 2 and MFN 6, 7. On the audio channel of information exchange 26, KSS receives information from PNA, SRPBZ, STAUS, IKVSP, SUOVO.

To increase the safety of piloting, the BWC uses the MnRLS 17 weather radar station, the ground proximity warning system SRPBZ 18, and the LTS 22 laser-television system.

Weather radar МнРЛС 17 provides detection of convective meteorological events (thunderstorms, strong cumulus) with the possibility of determining the degree of their danger to helicopter flight and dangerous turbulence in meteorological events; the discovery of characteristic landmarks such as large cities, the coastline of large reservoirs, large vessels on the water surface. The display of the MRLS information on the main channel of information exchange 24 is carried out by the CCEIS system 1. Also, the MRLS 17 exchanges information on the main channel of the information exchange 24 with the inertial course vertical from PNA 10 and the digital map generator 16.

The ground proximity early warning system SRPBZ 18 provides sound and visual warning signals to the crew about the occurrence of flight conditions, the development of which can lead to a helicopter collision with the ground or water surface, as well as with artificial obstacles. SRPBZ receives information on the main channel of information exchange 24 from the inertial heading, radio altimeter, navigation and landing equipment from PNA 10 and transmits to KSEIS 1 to display the terrain in the direction of flight with the issuance of visual and audible alarms. SRPBZ gives signals on the audio channel of information exchange 26 in KSS 14.

The laser-television system LTS 22 detects and visualizes obstacles according to the helicopter flight path and determines the distance to them (for example, wires and power transmission towers, chimneys, masts and other high objects when flying at low altitude) in low light conditions and in low visibility (rain, fog, smoke and heavy dust). LTS on the video channel information exchange 25 interacts with CBS 13 or KSEIS 1.

The defendant ATC system 11 is used to work with domestic radar stations of the ATM system. It provides communication with state identification defendants while maintaining the function of automatic dependent surveillance. The transponder of the air traffic control system 11 receives information from MFD 6, 7, IKVSP 4, and vertical lines from PNA 10 through the main channel of information exchange 24.

An airborne transponder 15 with a VHF data line receives and transmits data in the voice mobile range. The transponder radio station 15 is intended for receiving from the aircraft coordinate systems and other navigation parameters of the helicopter and broadcasting them on the air via the VHF data line, receiving from the air the coordinates and navigation parameters of other aircraft, ground ATC points and transmitting them to KSEIS 1 through the main channel of information exchange 24 for displaying the surrounding air situation, exchange of data of both broadcasting and addressing nature with ground control centers and other aircraft, before designated for flight information support.

The digital map generator 16 provides storage, updating, and issuance of map information for display in CCEIS 1, including in overlay modes on route or meteorological information, and provides information interaction over the main channel of information exchange 24 with transponder radio 15, MnRLS 17, KSEIS 1 and on the video channel of information exchange 25 with CBS 13.

The BWC includes an on-board diagnostic system for the BSDV 19 helicopter to identify potentially dangerous phenomena and determine the residual life (HUMS function) of the main mechanical units, which ensures the transition to operation of the controlled units of the helicopter “as-is”. BSDV through the main channel of information exchange 24 interacts with SUOVO 2.

The registration of parametric and audio information in the BWC is carried out by a secure on-board recorder 12, which receives the generated SUOVO 1 data packet for registration. Also, a secure on-board recorder 12 receives data from the primary sensor block PCV 3 through the main channel of information exchange 24, from the sensors of the power plant and the rotor speed sensor. Information for registration is received in a secure on-board recorder 12 from KSS 14 via the audio channel of information exchange 26.

Flight and navigation equipment PNA 10 provides continuous data transfer to KSEIS through the main channel of information exchange 24 for display on the indicators KSEIS and on the audio channel information exchange 26 in KSS 14.

Rescue beacons 21 are designed to determine, display and transmit the coordinates of the scene of the accident, drive search tools to the scene of the accident, provide voice communications between people in distress and the search service. Emergency rescue beacons 21 on the main channel of information exchange 24 interact with MFD 6, 7.

The set of internal lighting and signaling equipment STO 23 is designed to illuminate the cabin equipment, as well as to provide the crew with emergency, warning and notification light signals about the status of helicopter systems and units. A set of internal lighting and signaling equipment STO 23 is connected with the control system of the inside cabin lighting SVKO 8 and with the alarm and notification alarm system STAUS 20.

The system for regulating the in-cab lighting of the SVKO 8 is intended for manual control of the brightness of the built-in and flood lighting of the front parts of devices, the inscriptions on the consoles and shields in the cockpit. SVKO 8 directly interacts with STO 23 and with all products of the complex that have built-in adjustable illumination of the front panels of indicators and panels: KSEIS 1, PKV 3, PUOVO 5, PVN 6, 7, ISRP 9, the defendant of the air traffic control system 11, protected by the on-board recorder 12, KSS 14, digital card generator 16, AWP 21.

The alarm and notification alarm system STAUS 20 implements a visual channel (on light-signal displays) and an audible alarm system on board independent of the KSEIS and SUOVO systems. The STAUS system interacts via the audio channel of information exchange 26 with KSS 14.

It can be seen from the above that the complex integrates its products and equipment through information exchange with the possibility of reconfiguring information flows.

Thus, the proposed complex of on-board equipment solves a wide range of tasks related to the execution of route-route flights and the production of aviation operations in various physical-geographical and climatic conditions day and night and provides increased efficiency, reliability, and safety of helicopter piloting.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2120885, B64C 13/20, 1998

2. RF patent No. 2204504, B64C 13/16, G01C 23/00, 2003

Claims (7)

1. The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter, containing a comprehensive system of electronic indication and alarm, aerobatic complex of a helicopter, flight and navigation equipment, information complex of altitude and speed parameters, characterized in that the complex contains a control system for general helicopter equipment, control panels for general helicopter equipment, control panels for computers navigation, integrated backup instrument system, air traffic control transponder, protected on-board register OR, communications equipment, digital map generator, weather navigation radar, ground proximity early warning system, onboard helicopter diagnostic system, on-board lighting control system, set of indoor lighting and light-signaling equipment, emergency rescue beacons, emergency and notification signaling system, main channel information exchange, audio channel of information exchange, moreover, the control system for general helicopter equipment contains t redundant independent channels for receiving, processing and generating information, a control system for general helicopter equipment, an integrated system of backup devices, a communications system, a digital map generator, a weather radar, an early warning system for ground proximity, an onboard helicopter diagnostic system, an integrated electronic display and alarm system , helicopter aerobatic complex, navigation control computers, aeronautical and navigation equipment, emergency rescue radio beacons, a secure on-board recorder, an air traffic control system transponder are connected to the main information exchange channel, a communications system is connected to an earth proximity early warning system, flight and navigation equipment, an alarm and notification signaling system, a general helicopter equipment control system, and a protected on-board recorder , information complex of high-altitude and high-speed parameters, audio channel of information exchange, remote control computers the ionic systems are interconnected, the control system for general helicopter equipment is connected to the integrated electronic display and signaling system and the protected on-board recorder, the in-cab lighting control system is connected to the set of internal lighting and light-signaling equipment and to the alarm and notification signaling system, and is also connected to the main channel sharing. 2. The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter according to claim 1, characterized in that the aerobatic complex of the helicopter contains redundant flight control channels. 3. The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter according to claim 1, characterized in that the information complex of altitude and speed parameters contains redundant channels for measuring altitude and speed parameters of the flight. 4. The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that speed vector sensors are additionally introduced into the information complex of altitude-speed parameters. 5. The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a round-the-clock surveillance system connected to the main channel of information exchange and a digital map generator and connected to a complex system of electronic indication and signaling by a video channel of information exchange. 6. The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that it contains a laser-television system connected to the main channel of information exchange, as well as to a comprehensive system of electronic indication and alarm or to a round-the-clock surveillance system through a video channel of information exchange. 7. The complex of onboard equipment of the helicopter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a transponder radio connected to the main channel of information exchange.