RU2208931C1 - Method for increasing clover productivity and quality - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing foliar feeding cycles including first feeding cycle comprising feeding with 5%-alcoholic- iodine solution used in an amount of 1.5-2 kg/hectare per 300 l of water at budding-flowering stage during first mowing period phase, and second feeding cycle comprising feeding with the same solution and adding alcoholic sterile soil mixture used in an amount of 50-60 l/hectare during second mowing period. Alcoholic sterile soil mixture is processed by cleaning in 8-10 kg/hectare of zeolite-containing clay for 8-12 hours. EFFECT: increased quality of clover green mass and seeds. 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of clover for feed and seeds.

 There is a method of increasing the seed productivity of clover, including spraying the crops with an aqueous solution of microelements, for example, ammonium molybdenum acidum during the bud-flowering period (Novoselova AS, Selection and seed production of clover. M .: Agropromizdat, 1986, p.14).

 In the known method, the efficiency is low, since molybdenum stimulates an increase in nectar, which affects only the development of reproductive organs. The green mass of the first mowing is not high enough quality, since it lacks a number of microelements, especially iodine - a necessary element for the normal development of animals.

 A technical solution is known where, to increase the productivity and quality of plants, iodine solution is introduced into the budding-flowering phase of dicotyledonous plants, which helps to increase growth and reduce the incidence of crops (Kashin V.K. Biochemistry, Phytophysiology and Agrochemistry of Iodine. L .: Nauka, 1987, p. . 195).

 However, in the prototype method, iodine introduced once in the budding phase of the first mowing does not provide growth efficiency in subsequent mowing, especially if the grass is left on the seeds.

 Consequently, by the second cut in the clover plants, practically no iodine remains, which reduces not only nitrogen-fixing ability, but also productivity, crop quality and increases the incidence.

 It is known that the iodine content in soils of medium mechanical composition does not exceed 2-3 mg / kg of dry soil with optimal doses of 7-10 mg / kg. In addition, acidic soils are depleted in iodine, and the acidity of the soil clover reaction contributes to its leaching. The richest upper layer of the soil horizon. Consequently, by the second cut in the clover plants there is practically no iodine left, which reduces the quantity and quality of the crop, and in the upper horizon the number of nodules.

 By the period of the resumption of growth after the 1st mowing, clover contains iodine of not more than 0.3-0.4 mg / kg in dry matter, which is clearly not enough for the activity of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, reduction of the incidence rate and formation of generative shoots.

 The introduction of only iodine top dressing does not provide the need for plants in other trace elements, the need for which increases to the budding phase.

 Thus, seed grass requires not only iodine, but also a number of other elements, the lack of which reduces the biological potential of cultivated varieties for seed yield.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of green mass and seeds, improving their quality.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that foliar feeding is carried out twice during the first mowing with a 5% alcohol solution of iodine in an amount of 1.3-5 kg / ha, dissolved in a hectare norm of water, and for the second mowing it adds 50-60 l to the same iodine solution / ha of alcohol stillage, pre-purified for 8-12 hours in zeolite-containing clay in an amount of 8-10 kg / ha.

 The method is as follows.

 In the period of budding - the beginning of clover flowering, immediately before mowing, the crops are treated with an aqueous solution of 5% alcohol iodine 1.5-2 kg / ha.

 After contact with soil and leaves, iodine is rapidly transmitted (approximately 1 cm per minute). Such rapid penetration into the tissue provides an increase in the plant not only iodine, but also the content of other substances, such as protein.

 Experiments have established that due to the intensity of metabolism in the plant, the protein content increases from 16.5 to 18.7%. Therefore, the mown fodder mass is highly nutritious and contains the iodine necessary for animals (in the range of 0.3-1.2 mg / kg dry matter).

 By the second cut, when the grass is left on the seeds, the plants need additional top dressing with microelements.

 For the complex introduction of all the required trace elements, additional costs are required. In addition, a number of chemical elements are antagonists and do not bring the expected effect. In particular, the action of iodine is suppressed by chlorine, ammonium-containing elements.

 Alcohol bard (waste of the alcohol industry) contains chlorides - 290 mg / l, nitrite nitrogen - 17.48 mg / l, nitrate nitrogen - 186 mg / l. Trace elements contained in the bard: Zn - (0.011 mg / L), Ni - (0.002 mg / L), Mn - (0.011 mg / L), Ag - (0.00001 mg / L), CO - (0.017 mg / L) ), V - (0.008 mg / L), Fe - (0.8 mg / L) are necessary for clover seed stand, activation of nodule bacteria and the formation of generative stems.

 To reduce the toxicity of harmful and iodine-incompatible substances (chlorides, nitrates and nitrites), it is advisable to use zeolite-containing clays that are able to quickly adsorb these substances, because contain up to 50% silicon.

 Trace elements contained in clay: calcium, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, selenium and others replenish the alcohol solution of bard. 8-10 kg of zeolite-containing clays are enough to clear the alcohol bard from toxic substances within 8-12 hours. During this period, excessive amounts of heavy metals contained in the bard (iron, aluminum, sodium, calcium, magnesium, etc.) also precipitate.

 With the help of zeolite-containing clays, the bardic acidity is also reduced (pH from 3.8 to 8.6).

 In the proposed method, zeolite-containing clays (8-10 kg) are placed in alcohol stillage (50-60 kg / ha) and incubated for 8-12 hours. Thus, utilizing the waste from the alcohol industry and using a cheap natural source - zeolite-containing clays, it is possible to increase the productivity of seed grass by adding a small amount of iodine (1.5-2 kg / ha).

 Increasing the dose of alcohol iodine to 2.5 kg / ha does not give an effect, since an excess of this element is toxic to plants. The proposed concentration increases not only the quality of the green mass, but also reduces the incidence of plants, since the iodine solution is an antiseptic. So, in our experiments, the disease of anthracnosis on the seed grass stand decreased from 30 to 10%, and ascochitosis from 23 to 8%.

 Example 1. During the first mowing (budding phase - the beginning of flowering), clover crops were sprayed 1-2 days before mowing with an aqueous solution of 5% alcohol iodine at the rate of 1.5 kg / ha per 300 liters of water (hectare water rate). By the time of flowering of the 2nd mowing left on the seeds, the crops were treated with a mixture of alcohol stillage and zeolite-containing clay with the addition of iodine of the same concentration as in the first mowing. Prior to the treatment of the crops, 8 kg of zeolite-containing clays were added to the alcohol stillage at a rate of 50 l / ha for 8 hours, after which the resulting mixture was filtered and added to the iodine solution.

 Example 2. The method was carried out as in the first example. To process crops in the first mowing, 5% alcohol iodine was taken in an amount of 2 kg per hectare and dissolved in 300 l of water.

 In the second mowing for a seed grass stand, a mixture of 60 g alcohol vinasse and 10 kg of zeolite-containing clays was prepared, kept for 12 hours, then filtered and added to the newly prepared aqueous iodine solution, as in the first mowing.

 These results are summarized in table.

 From the above data it is seen that a single treatment with iodine in the 1st mowing gives a yield of green mass of 296 kg / ha with a protein content of 17.8%. Seed yield does not exceed 1.94 kg / ha. Processing crops with bard and iodine in comparison with the control gives an increase in green mass, and for seeds it is at the control level. In the proposed technical solution, where the bard is cleaned of toxic substances (chlorine, nitrogen compounds, heavy metals, etc.) using zeolite-containing clays, the yield of green mass is 44 c / ha higher than the best option, and 0.35 c / ha of seeds . In the proposed method, the protein content increased by 0.7%, the incidence of seed grass is reduced.

 Therefore, the parameters of the method can increase the productivity of green mass and seeds, increase the protein content and reduce the incidence.

Claims (1)

 A method of increasing the productivity and quality of clover, including the processing of crops with an aqueous solution of iodine in the budding-flowering phase, characterized in that iodine foliar feeding is carried out in two doses: during the first mowing - with a 5% alcohol solution in an amount of 1.5-2 kg / ha, which is dissolved in the hectare norm of water, and in the second mowing on seed grass, the crops are treated in the same iodine concentration with the addition of 50-60 l / ha of alcohol stillage, previously purified for 8-12 hours in zeolite-containing clay, in the amount 8-10 kg / ha.

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