RU2354099C2 - Method of top dressing of grain legume on acid soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: single treatment of seeds is carried out with the aqueous solution of allanite at the rate 50-60 kg/hectare in 12-14 days after seedling emergence.

EFFECT: decrease of expenses and diversification of methods for top dressing.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of legumes.

A known method of foliar dressing, in which a mixture of complex fertilizers is used including potassium sulfate, urea, etc. in certain amounts (Vavilov P.P., Posypanov G.S. Legumes and vegetable protein problems. Rosselkhozizdat. M. 1983. p. 79-80).

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of fertilizers, which are applied three times during the growing season.

The closest technical solution is the foliar treatment of plants with a mixture of solutions of irlite and liquid complex fertilizers. In this case, top dressing is carried out 2-3 times during the growing season (patent No. 2262222, АСС 21/00, 10/20/2005).

In the prototype method, mixtures are also used, which require significant funds. In addition, introduced irlites are characterized by high acidity (irlite has 7 pH-3.0), which slows down the process of nitrogen fixation of leguminous crops and, consequently, protein accumulation in grain.

Processing of crops is carried out during budding or flowering, when the rows are closed and careful spraying of crops is difficult, and the liquid solution to a greater extent falls on the upper parts of the plant. At the same time, nodule bacteria located in the rhizosphere do not receive the necessary nutrient solution. Therefore, nitrogen fixation of legumes is not active enough. All these disadvantages of the prototype method reduce its effectiveness.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce costs, expanding the range of products for foliar feeding.

This goal is achieved by the fact that for the treatment of crops using zeolite-containing clays - alanite with a calcium content of more than 30%, and fertilizing is carried out 12-14 days after emergence at the rate of 50-60 kg / ha, which are dissolved in water.

The method is as follows.

Usually, soil herbicides are applied before soybean planting to destroy weeds. The introduction of herbicides before sowing reduces the activity of bacteria. In the spring-dry period, inoculation of soybean seeds reduces the number of bacteria. The most active growth of nodule bacteria begins 12-14 days after sowing. During this period, they need fertilizing and moisture. The aqueous solution of alanite introduced during this period ensures the active growth of plants, the root system, and nodule bacteria.

If legumes (soybeans, beans, peas, etc.) are cultivated on leached chernozem with an acidity of 4.9-5.1, the process of assimilation of biological nitrogen by nodule bacteria is less intense.

The introduced aqueous solution of alanite reduces acidity, increasing the pH level to 5.2-5.3.

Alanite - zeolite-containing clay of local origin (steppe zone, Mozdok region) - contains (in%): silicon (SiO ₂ ) - 52.7%; aluminum (Al ₂ O ₃ ) - 16.6%; calcium (CaO) - 32.7; iron (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) - 6.17%, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc (within 0.1-0.9%) and other trace elements.

Unlike irlite 1, calcium contains 2 times more. Such a high calcium content introduced in acidic soils favorably affects the nitrogen fixation process.

Example 1. Alanite at a dose of 50 kg / ha was dissolved in water until a liquid mash was formed. Then it was poured into the sprayer tank and filled with 200 l of water (hectare norm), the crops were treated 12 days after emergence.

Example 2. After 14 days after emergence, alanite at a dose of 60 kg / ha was dissolved in water, as in the first example, and the crops were treated.

The experiments showed that once introduced alanite in the phase of the onset of development of nitrogen-fixing nodules increases the leaf area, photosynthetic potential, the number of nodules and fixed biological nitrogen in comparison with the prototype method while reducing the cost of fertilizers.

The results are summarized in table.

options S leaves, thousand m ² / ha, (phase of the formation of beans) Photosynthes
chesky
potential, m ² / ha days NPF (net productivity of photosynthesis),
g / m ² day The number of nodule bacteria on the 1st plant, pcs. Amount of fixed nitrogen, kg / ha Harvest, t / ha the control
(no processing) 34.3 2160 2.01 42-46 51 16,2 prototype 49.7 2349 2.19 60-62 74 20,4 alanite
(30-40 kg / ha) 39.8 2259 3.26 50-58 76 20.8 alanite
(50-60 kg / ha),
(proposed) 54,2 2442 3.82 65-68 86 23,4 alanite
(70-80 kg / ha 50,2 2320 3.64 62-64 80 21.6

With an increase in the dose of alanite in the root-inhabited layer, the content of heavy metals of iron and aluminum, which are part of alanite, increases, which negatively affects the nitrogen fixation process and, as a result, the yield and nitrogen accumulation in the soil.

Thus, the introduction of alanite expands the range of fertilizing and due to natural raw materials reduces the cost of fertilizers.

Claims (1)

The method of foliar feeding of leguminous crops on acidic soils, including the treatment of crops with an aqueous solution of fertilizers of local origin in certain development phases, characterized in that zeolite-containing alanite clays containing more than 30% calcium are used for processing crops, and feeding is carried out 12-14 days after the appearance seedlings at the rate of 50-60 kg / ha.