RU2309588C1 - Agent for pretreatment of agricultural plant seeds (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: claimed agent contains bischofite, and additionally potassium humate, nicotinic acid, succinic acid, new plant growth stimulators ("Silk" and "Nicfan") and water in specific component ratio.

EFFECT: increased agricultural plant productivity; products of improved quality.

6 cl, 6 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to means for presowing treatment of crops.

A known sunflower plant growth stimulator, in which hop plants terpenol is used (RU, published application No. 92005984, A, IPC ⁶ A01N 65/00, A01N 27/00. Sunflower plant growth stimulator (V.V. Bazylnik, V.T. Rozhkova , N.V. Andriyash (RU) .- Application No.92005984 / 04; claimed 10.11.1992; publ. 05.20.1995).

The disadvantages of the described growth promoter include a limited scope.

Also known is a plant growth stimulator and fungicide, which is used N- (2-furfuryl) -1,3-oxazolidine and its derivative of the General formula

where R is hydrogen or phenyl (RU, patent No. 2041224. C1. IPC ⁶ C07D 405/06, C07D 413/06, A01N 43/06, A01N 43/76, C07D 405/06, C07D 307/34, C07D 263 / 04. Plant growth stimulator and fungicide (G.M.Safarova, A.P. Rodin, I.M.Safarov and others (RU). - Application No. 5064080/04; Stated 07.07.1992; published 09.08.1995) .

The disadvantages of the described growth stimulator, as applied to the problem we are solving, include the low effective presowing treatment of seeds of a wide range of crops and the high cost of the drug and its limited distribution.

In addition to those described, a plant stimulant is known containing as active ingredients (i) jasmonic acid or jasmonate represented by the following formula

where R ¹ is a pentyl or pentenyl group;

R ² is hydrogen or an alkyl group,

and (ii) a brassinosteroid represented by the following formula:

and a liquid carrier, where the mass ratio of the brassinosteroid of formula (2) to jasmonic acid or jasmonate of formula (1) (i) :( ii) is in the range 1: 1-1: 5000, and the content of component (i) :( ii) is 0.01-500 ppm and 0.001-1 ppm, respectively, of the total weight of the stimulant composition, R ¹ in the formula (1) is a pentyl group or a 2-pentenyl group; R ² in the formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms; jasmonate of the formula (1) is H-propyldihydrojasmonate (RU, patent No. 2145165. C1. IPC ⁷ A01N 37/42, A01N 43/22. Plant growth stimulator / Shin-iti Hirakawa (JP), Yasuo Kamuro (JP), Suguru Takatsuto (JP), Tsuyoshi Watanabe (JP), Hiroki Kuriyama (JP) - Application No. 97104474/04; claimed on 08.25.1995; published on 02.10.2000). The described drug as a plant growth stimulator is not common (not available for use) in the Russian Federation.

The closest means for pre-sowing seed treatment of agricultural crops is a liquid-based preparation, presented in a method for pre-sowing seed treatment of grains, legumes, cereals and oilseeds, including the treatment of seed with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite, in which the seeds are treated with a bischofite solution with a concentration of 15 -100 wt. % of the initial brine and a flow rate of 10-15 l / t of seeds, taking into account the type of seeds, their germination, germination energy and density of the bischofite brine, while the bischofite brine used for seed treatment is activated with a magnetic field with a capacity of 200-450 Oe (RU, Patent No. 2224399 C2. IPC ⁷ А01С 1/00. The method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grains, legumes, cereals and oilseeds / A.V. Lomtev, A.A. Astakhov, AMSaldaev (RU) .- Application No. 2002 102139/12; Stated 23.01 .2002; publ. February 27, 2004, Bull. No. 6 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2004. - No. 6).

The disadvantages of the described method in relation to the problem we are solving are that the induction of a magnetic field on the seeds is short-term and requires special expensive equipment.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows. The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of pre-sowing seed treatment of a wide range of crops using common and available in agriculture drugs.

The technical result is an increase in crop yields and their resistance to pathogenic microorganisms.

The specified technical result in the first embodiment of the created composition is achieved by the fact that in the known tool for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops containing an aqueous solution of brine of the natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , according to the invention, potassium humate is additionally introduced into it and nicotinic acid in the following ratio, wt. %:

Natural mineral bischofite (brine) 35-65 Humate potassium (liquid peat) 0.15-0.75 A nicotinic acid 0.001 Water rest.

The specified technical result in the second embodiment of the created composition is achieved by the fact that in the known means for pre-sowing seed treatment of agricultural crops containing an aqueous solution of brine of the natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , according to the invention, it is additionally introduced with the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Natural mineral bischofite (brine) 0.35-0.65 Silk 0.005-0.010 A nicotinic acid 0.001-0.002 Water rest.

The specified technical result according to the third variant of the created composition is achieved by the fact that in the known agent for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops containing an aqueous solution of brine of the natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , according to the invention, succinic acid is additionally introduced into it in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Natural mineral bischofite (brine) 35-65 succinic acid 0.005 A nicotinic acid 0.001-0.002 Water rest.

The specified technical result according to the fourth variant of the created composition is achieved by the fact that in the known means for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops containing an aqueous solution of brine of natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , according to the invention, nicfane is additionally introduced into it at the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Natural mineral bischofite (brine) 35-65 Nikfan 0.0010 A nicotinic acid 0.001-0.002 Water rest.

The specified technical result according to the fifth variant of the created composition is achieved by the fact that in the known tool for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops containing an aqueous solution of brine of natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , according to the invention, potassium humate is additionally introduced into it and succinic acid in the following ratio, wt.%:

Natural mineral bischofite (brine) 35-45 Humate potassium (liquid peat) 0.25-0.35 succinic acid 0.005-0.010 Water rest.

The specified technical result according to the sixth variant of the created composition is achieved by the fact that in the known means for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops containing an aqueous solution of brine of the natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , according to the invention nicotinic acid is additionally introduced into it in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Natural mineral bischofite (brine) 35-65 A nicotinic acid 0.001-0.002 Water rest.

The invention is illustrated by examples and results of experimental data presented in tables.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

Means for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops contains an aqueous solution of the natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ . To increase the efficiency, potassium humate and nicotinic acid were additionally introduced into the solution in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Natural mineral bischofite (brine) 35-65 Potassium humate 0.15-0.75 A nicotinic acid 0.001 Water rest.

Seed treatment is carried out at the rate of 10 liters of the composite mixture per ton of seeds.

Numerous chemical compounds are known that are used as plant growth regulators: ambiol, agate-25 K, albite, archidonic acid, silk, fusicoccin, potassium salts of humic acids, crezacin, mival, symbiont, zircon, succinic acid and others (List of pesticides and agrochemicals, permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. 2004. Reference publication. - 576 p.).

However, each of these drugs separately does not give the desired result.

Example 1. Consider the effectiveness of this tool having the following composition in a tank mixture of biorational products, wt. %:

Bischofite (brine density 1.30-1.32 t / m ³ ) 35-65 Humate potassium (liquid peat) 0.15-0.75 A nicotinic acid 0.001 Water rest.

for seed growth and grain yield formation of the hybrid maize of the Volga region 89 MB. The main information characterizing the described tool are presented in table 1.

The establishment of optimal concentrations of preparations for composite mixtures in Petri dishes showed that when processing corn seeds with bischofite 35 wt. % concentration, seed germination energy was 89.6, and germination rate was 94.2%, while the length of the plant was 18.9 cm, and the length of the main root was 11.9 cm with 10 plants weighing 18.6 g. Seed treatment with a composite mixture : bischofite wt. 35%, potassium humate 7.5 wt. % and nicotinic acid (NK), 0.01 wt. % increases these indicators to 91.8 and 95.6%, in a length of 20.7 and 13.7 cm and a weight of 20.5 g.

Potassium humate (liquid peat) is a complex organomineral fertilizer.

The main active ingredient of the drug is physiologically active forms of potassium salts of humic acids (80.0 g / l), fulvic acids (2.0 g / l). Also, the composition of the drug includes amino acids, carbohydrates, water-soluble carboxylic acids (oxalic, succinic, malic, citric), mineral nutrition elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and biologically active forms of trace elements (iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum) .

When treated with a drug, seed germination increases germination, germination energy, and the growth and development of plants at all stages of ontogenesis is stimulated. The proposed drug contributes to the intensification of physiological and biochemical processes, the accumulation of nutrients, the growth of biomass and increased resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors and diseases.

Nicotinic acid - vitamin B ₅ or PP, of the formula C ₆ H ₅ O ₂ N is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, phosphorus. The specified acid is involved in redox processes. It is part of many enzymes.

Example 2. Consider the effectiveness of the developed tool having the following composition for seed germination and productivity of sunflower hybrid Kuban 930, wt. %:

Bischofite 35-65 Silk 0.005-0.010 A nicotinic acid 0.001-0.002 Water rest.

Processing seeds and germinating them in Petri dishes on a hybrid of sunflower Kuban 930 showed that when processing seeds with a bischofite solution of 65 wt. % concentration of seed germination energy was 95.9, and germination - 96.4%. The length of the plant was 14.0 cm, the length of the main root was 10.1 cm, and the weight of 10 plants reached 11.28 g. Seed treatment with a composite mixture consisting of 65 wt. %, silk, 0.10 wt. % and NK 0.02 wt. % increased these indicators, respectively, amounted to 96.5 and 97.0%, in the length of 15.0 and 11.2 cm and by weight of 12.44 g.

The results of experimental studies are shown in table 2. In this formulation, we used the drug Silk. Silk is triterpenic acid obtained from a natural extract of Siberian fir. The drug stimulates plant growth, shortens the ripening period, reduces the incidence of plants, increases their yield, increases frost and drought resistance, and also improves the quality and preservation of products.

Example 3. Consider the effectiveness of the funds according to the third option for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, which has in its composition, wt. %:

Bischofite 35-65 succinic acid 0.005 A nicotinic acid 0.001-0.002 Water rest.

The effectiveness of this tool was tested on winter wheat varieties Don-93. In the Volgograd region, the results obtained in the field are presented in table 3.

The establishment of optimal concentrations of the proposed preparations for composite mixtures in Petri dishes showed that when processing seeds of winter wheat varieties Don-93 with bischofite 35 wt. % concentration, germination energy was 87.8; and germination - 90.1%. The length of the plant was 10.7, and the length of the main root was 3.3 cm with a mass of 10 plants being 1.51 g. Seed treatment with a composite mixture: bischofite, 35 wt. %, succinic acid, 0.05 wt. % and NK 0.01 wt. % - increases these indicators to, respectively, 89.5 and 91.2%, 11.2 3.6 cm and 1.74 g.

In this drug, in addition to those described, succinic acid is introduced. Succinic acid is ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid of the formula C ₄ H ₆ O ₄ .

Succinic acid increases field germination, accelerates the emergence of seedlings for two to three days, enhances growth processes, accelerates maturation by 5-6 days and increases grain yield.

Example 4. Consider the effectiveness of the proposed funds for the fourth option in the following composition, wt. %:

Bischofite 35-65 Nikfan 0.001 A nicotinic acid 0.001-0.002 Water rest.

Preliminary determination of the concentrations of the preparations in Petri dishes for compositional seed treatment showed that when processing seeds 60 wt. % concentration of bischofite, the germination energy of millet seeds was 91.6, and germination - 93.2%. The length of the plant was 12.0 cm, the length of the main root was 4.5 cm, and the mass of 10 plants was 0.520 g. When processing seeds with a composite mixture of bischofite 60 wt. % + nikfan, 0.01 wt. % + NK, 0.01 wt. % these indicators, respectively, amounted to: 92.8 and 95.0%, 12.5 and 4.7 cm and 0.557 g.

The effectiveness of this tool was tested in production conditions when cultivating millet varieties Kamyshinskoe 95. The main results are shown in table 4.

In this composition, the Nikfan biological product was used.

Nikfan is a product of fungi - endophytes of sea buckthorn, a metabolic product. The use of the drug provides increased growth and development of plants, increases their productivity by 5-80%. At the same time, the resistance of plants to diseases is increased, their drought and frost resistance is increased, and the ripening period is reduced.

The main effect of the biological product is based on the enhancement of plant rhizogenesis and photosynthesis.

Example 5. Consider the effectiveness of the following composition on seed germination, biometric indicators, the formation of a crop of barley grain, wt. %:

Bischofite 35 Humate potassium (liquid peat) 0.250 succinic acid 0.005 Water rest

The selection of the most effective compositions for presowing treatment of barley seeds found that when processing seeds 30 wt. % concentration of bischofite seed germination energy was 90.9, and germination rate was 92.6%, while the length of the plant was 9.2, the length of the main root was 7.0 cm, and the mass of 10 plants was 2.28 g. seed treatment with growth-promoting composition: bischofite 30 wt. % + potassium humate 2.5 wt. % + succinic acid 0.05 wt. % - these indicators, respectively, amounted to: 91.3 and 95.0%, 10.3 and 7.5 cm, 2.59 g.

Example 6. The following composition according to the sixth embodiment has a composition, wt. %:

Bischofite 35-65 A nicotinic acid 0.001-0.002 Water rest.

This product has been tested under production conditions for the cultivation of sunflower hybrid Triumph.

Processing seeds and germinating them in Petri dishes on a hybrid of Triumph sunflower showed that when processing seeds with a bischofite solution of 60 wt. % concentration of seed germination energy was 94.8, and germination - 95.5%. The length of the plant was 13.0 cm, the length of the main root was 9.5 cm, and the weight of 10 plants was 10.01 g. Seed treatment with a composite mixture of bischofite 60 wt. % and NK 0.02 wt. % increases these indicators, respectively, to 95.1 and 96.0%, 13.5 and 9.8 cm, 10.54 g.

The digital data results are described in table 6. Thus, the technical result indicated above is also achieved by the fact that in the method for preparing a pre-sowing composition, the concentration of bischofite solution is sequentially selected depending on the quality of the seeds, which is assigned according to the best seed germination and germination energy, root length and seedling , as well as the mass of the seedling.

The dose of potassium humate and silka is prescribed in the same way as for bischofite, only against the background of the prescribed concentration of bischofite.

Succinic acid, nicotinic acid, silk and potassium humate are dissolved in the recommended rate of water, to which bischofite is then added and mixed.

Processing seeds of crops is carried out before sowing at the rate of 10 liters per ton of seeds.

The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of corn seeds for grain is presented in table 1, sunflower in table 2, winter wheat in table 3 and millet in table 4, other crops in tables 5 and 6.

Presowing treatment of seeds with tank mixtures of biorational products, as shown in the data in Tables 1-6, helps to improve the quality of the resulting products, while improving the phytosanitary situation in crops.

The information presented convincingly proves the obtained positive result when achieving the technical task. We used a natural environmentally friendly mineral bischofite in a mixture with vitamin nicotinic acid and widely used growth stimulants - potassium humate, silk, succinic acid and nicfan as a growth stimulator.

Table 1 The effect of presowing seed treatment of maize hybrid Povolzhsky 89 MB on grain yield, protein content in the grain and the defeat of plants of bladder smut, average for 2003-2005. (OOO "Rotor" Kikvidzensky district of the Volgograd region) No. p / p The drug, wt. % (Options) Grain productivity, t / ha The grain content of protein,% Bubble Smut,% one Control (TMTD, 2 kg / t) 4,55 10.3 1.25 2 Bischofite, 35 4.82 10.8 0.35 3 Bischofite, 35
A nicotinic acid
(NK), 0.01 5.01 11,4 0.30 four Bischofite, 35
Nikfan, 0.01
NK, 0.01 5.17 10.9 0.29 5 Bischofite, 35
Succinic acid, 0.05
NK, 0.01 5.24 11.0 0.3 6 Bischofite, 35
Silk, 0.05
NK, 0.01 5.26 10.8 0.4 7 Bischofite, 35
Humate potassium, 7.5
NK, 0.01 5.29 11,2 0.35

table 2 The effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of the Kuban 930 sunflower hybrid on the productivity and damage of plants by diseases, average for 2003-2005 (LLC "Rotor" of Kikvidzen district of Volgograd region) No. p / p The drug, wt. % (Options) Seed productivity, t / ha Oil content of seeds,% Oil collection, kg / ha Acid number Gray, white rot,% one Control (TMTD, 2.5 kg / t) 2.15 51,4 995 1.89 2,3 2 Bishofit, 65 2,39 49.1 1056 0.99 0.7 3 Bishofit, 65 Silk, 0.10 2.81 51.6 1305 0.87 0.9 NK, 0.02 four Bishofit, 65 Succinic acid, 0.05 2.75 51.8 1282 0.85 0.8 NK, 0.02 5 Bishofit, 65 Potassium Humate, 4.0 2.62 52.0 1226 0.80 0.8 NK, 0.02 6 Bishofit, 65 Nikfan, 0.01 2.60 51.0 1193 0.89 1,0 NK, 0.02 7 Bishofit, 65
NK, 0.02 2.47 50.7 1127 0.95 1,0

Table 3 The effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of winter wheat of the Don-93 variety on yield and grain quality, as well as damage to plants by diseases, average for 2002-2004. (LLC "Rotor" of Kikvidzen district of Volgograd region) No. p / p The drug, wt. %
(Options) Productivity
grain, t / ha Gluten content,% IDK, units Dust smut,% Rust% one Control (hopper, 0.5 kg / t) 2.84 22.8 90 0.7 25.0 2 Bischofite, 35 3.18 25.1 80 0.08 6.0 3 Bischofite, 35 Silk, 0.05 3,51 26.0 75 0,07 6.3 NK, 0.01 four Bischofite Succinic acid, 0.05 3.53 26.2 75 0.09 6.7 NK, 0.01 5 Bischofite, 35 Potassium humate, 2.5
Succinic acid, 0.05 3.36 26.7 75 0.06 5.9 6 Bischofite, 35
NK, 0.01 3.29 25.9 75 0,07 6.1

Table 4 The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment of millet of the Kamyshinskoye 95 variety on grain yield and smut damage, average for 2002-2004. (LLC "Rotor" of Kikvidzen district of Volgograd region) No. p / p The drug, wt. % (Options) Grain productivity, t / ha Smut,% one Control (derosal, 2.5 kg / t) 1.18 3,5 2 Bischofite, 60 1.41 0.1 3 Bischofite, 60
NK, 0.01 1,56 0.2 four Bischofite, 60
Succinic acid, 0.05
NK, 0.01 1.70 0.16 5 Bischofite, 60
Humate potassium, 1.5
NK, 0.01 1.75 0.17 6 Bischofite, 60
Silk, 0.10
NK, 0.01 1,69 0.1 7 Bischofite, 60
Nikfan, 0.01
NK, 0.01 1.78 0.15

Claims (6)

1. Means for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, containing an aqueous solution of brine of natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , characterized in that it additionally introduced humate potassium and nicotinic acid in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Natural mineral bischofite 35-65 Potassium humate 1,5-7,5 A nicotinic acid 0.01 Water rest 2. Means for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, containing an aqueous solution of brine of the natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , characterized in that it is additionally introduced with silk and nicotinic acid in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Natural mineral bischofite 35-65 Silk 0.05-0.10 A nicotinic acid 0.01-0.02 Water rest 3. Means for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, containing an aqueous solution of brine of natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , characterized in that succinic acid and nicotinic acid are additionally introduced into it in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Natural mineral bischofite 35-65 succinic acid 0.05 A nicotinic acid 0.01-0.02 Water rest 4. Means for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, containing an aqueous solution of brine of the natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , characterized in that it is additionally introduced nicfan and nicotinic acid in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Natural mineral bischofite 35-65 Nikfan 0.010 A nicotinic acid 0.01-0.02 Water rest 5. Means for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, containing an aqueous solution of brine of natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , characterized in that it is additionally introduced potassium humate and succinic acid in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Natural mineral bischofite 30-65 Potassium humate 2.5 succinic acid 0.05 Water rest 6. Means for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, containing an aqueous solution of brine of the natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ , characterized in that nicotinic acid is additionally introduced into it in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Natural mineral bischofite 35-65 A nicotinic acid 0.01-0.02 Water rest