RU2747055C1 - Fertilizer based on polymer matrix - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; plant growing.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to fertilizers used in plant growing based on a polymer matrix containing a complex of nutrients necessary for the normal growth and development of plants. The polymer matrix fertilizer contains carboxylic acid fragments bound to at least one macroelement, as well as salts containing macroelements and microelements, while it additionally contains poly-N-vinyllactame, and at least one salt containing macroelements is ammonium sulfate. The content of the components is, wt. %: fragments of carboxylic acids associated with at least one macroelement, 36.2-97.35, salts containing macroelements, 0.7-62.7, salts containing microelements, 0.04-0.1, poly-N-vinyllactame 1-5, 3.EFFECT: increased seed germination when using fertilizers with disinfectants, as well as decreased rate of introduction of pesticides when they are used together with fertilizer.4 cl, 3 ex, 4 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to fertilizers used in plant growing based on a polymer matrix, containing a complex of nutrients necessary for the normal growth and development of plants.

The problem of providing plants of various origins with nutrients during the growing season is solved by using organic and mineral fertilizers.

Known bioorganic fertilizer containing processed by microbiological fermentation of bird or animal droppings, an active non-pathogenic microorganism or an association of microorganisms in an amount of up to 0.2 wt.%, Capable of causing biodegradation of oil and oil products, as well as a stimulator of the growth of microorganisms in a concentration of 1⋅10 ^-6 - 1⋅10 ^-4 wt.% [RU 2141932, IPC C05F 11/08, publ. 11/27/1999].

The disadvantages of fertilizer are its imbalance, as well as an insignificant content of nutrients, which leads to the need to increase doses for its introduction into the soil.

The use in plant growing of polymer compositions that perform the function of a matrix and have film-forming properties makes it possible to reduce the dose of fertilizer introduced by increasing the adhesion of nutrients distributed in the matrix to the surface of various plant parts, as well as to soil particles.

Known fertilizer based on a polymer matrix containing fragments of carboxylic acids, and it contains at least two fragments of monomers, selected from the following group of monomers: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, N-vinylamide, as well as trace elements. [RU 2347789, IPC C08F 222/10, C05F 3/00, publ. 02/27/2009].

Closest to the claimed invention is a fertilizer based on a polymer matrix containing 30-93 wt.% Of fragments of unsaturated carboxylic acids selected from the following group of monomers: glutamic, methacrylic, acrylic, alginic, maleic, fumaric, lactic acids, 1.0-32 , 5 wt.% N-vinyl amide, and also contains 0.7-62.7 wt.% Salts containing macronutrients selected from the group, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and 0.01-0.1 wt. % of trace elements - salts of iron, copper, molybdenum, zinc, boron, manganese, cobalt, magnesium or sulfur. [RU 2401824, IPC C05D 9/02, C05G 3/00, A01N 37/44, A01N 59/00 - prototype].

The above fertilizers contain a complex of macro- and microelements, while they retain their effectiveness for a long time both with foliar feeding and with traditional introduction into the soil.

The disadvantages of the above fertilizers are the relatively low rates of seed germination when used together with dressing agents, as well as a high consumption of pesticides when used together in the case of using water with a hardness of more than 10 ° Zh.

The objective of the present invention is to create a fertilizer based on a polymer matrix containing a complex of macro- and microelements, eliminating the disadvantages inherent in analogs and the prototype.

The technical result is an increase in seed germination when using fertilizers with dressing agents, as well as a decrease in the rate of introduction of pesticides when they are used together with fertilizer.

The technical result is achieved in that the fertilizer based on a polymer matrix contains fragments of carboxylic acids associated with at least one macroelement, as well as salts containing macroelements and microelements, while it additionally contains poly-N-vinyl lactam, and at least least, one salt containing macronutrients is ammonium sulfate, and the content of the components is, wt. %:

Fragments of carboxylic acids associated with at least one macronutrient 36.2 - 97.35 Salts containing macronutrients 0.7 - 62.7 Salts containing trace elements 0.04 - 0.1 Poly-N-vinyl lactam 1 - 5.3

There is an option where carboxylic acids are selected from the group that includes maleic, alginic, acrylic, methacrylic, sebacic, carbonic and acetic acids.

There is an option where macronutrients are selected from the group that includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur.

There is an option where the trace elements are selected from the group, which includes iron, copper, molybdenum, zinc, boron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium.

A feature of the fertilizer is that significant amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are contained in it in the form of organomineral complexes distributed in a polymer matrix. At the same time, the matrix, including cross-linked fragments of carboxylic acids and poly-N-vinyl lactam, has surface-active and adhesive properties with respect to the surface of the leaf plate, shoot and stem and is capable of depositing and then supplying the vegetative plant with nutrients for a long time. In addition, due to the increase in the work of adhesion, due to the introduction of poly-N-vinyl lactam into the composition, when using a fertilizer with a dressing agent on the seeds, their germination increases. It should also be noted that the presence of ammonium sulfate in the composition made it possible to reduce the rate of introduction of pesticides when used together with fertilizer, since the presence of poly-N-vinyl lactam in the polymer matrix enhances its effect as an adjuvant by increasing the adhesion of the fertilizer to various parts of the plant and, accordingly, the prolongation of its action on the binding of iron and calcium cations, which are present as in water with a hardness of more than 10 ° Zh.

The fertilizer is resistant to a variety of meteorological factors when growing crops in adverse weather conditions. In particular, the fertilizer is resistant to insolation, as well as the effects of precipitation and wind erosion.

The fertilizer has a constant high-quality chemical composition, which makes it possible to reliably predict the results of its application. In addition, it allows you to effectively carry out top dressing, regardless of the acidity and composition of the soil, with the provision of a prolonged action.

The fertilizer can be effectively used with various tank mixes, which protects the treated crops from the negative effects of insects and fungi.

The fertilizer can be used for foliar feeding, pre-sowing and pre-treatment of seeds, as well as by direct introduction into the soil.

Below are examples of implementation of the invention.

Example 1. In a reactor with a capacity of 0.6 m³ poured 186 kg of 56% potassium maleate solution, poured 2.92 kg of pentaerythritol allyl ether and added a cross-linking agent - 2.6 kg of potassium dioxisebacate. The resulting mixture was heated with stirring to a temperature of 93 ° C, and then, after keeping the mixture for 2 hours, the previously prepared 15 kg of a 13% solution of urea in diethanolaminoacetate, 5 kg of a 13% solution of ammonium sulfate in water, 0.05 kg of a commercial kit were added in parts salts containing trace elements (the set includes the following salts: iron sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate, zinc nitrate, boron nitrate, manganese sulfate, cobalt phosphate, magnesium sulfate) and 13.2 liters of a 15% aqueous solution of hydrogen hydroperoxide, after which heated the mixture to 80 ° C for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, 15 kg of poly-N-vinyl lactam, water were added to a total volume of 500 liters. The resulting composition contained 97.35 wt.% Carboxylic acids associated with macronutrients, including nitrogen and potassium, 1.9 wt.% Poly-N-vinyl lactam, 0.7 wt.% Salts containing macronutrients 0.05 wt. % of salts containing trace elements, including: iron, copper, molybdenum, zinc, boron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium.

Example 2. In a reactor with a capacity of 0.6 m³ poured 348.0 kg of a 50% aqueous solution of ammonium alginate, added 24.3 kg of ammonium sulfate. The resulting mixture was heated to 82 ° C and added 2.3 kg of 10% ammonium persulfate solution, 0.02 kg of a set of salts containing trace elements according to example 1, 14.0 kg of 13% urea solution, and then kept at 95 ° C for 3 hours. After that, 83.9 kg of poly-N-vinyl lactam was added and the total volume was brought to 500 liters with water, cooled and the finished product was packaged. The final product contained 92.961 wt.% Carboxylic fragments linked to nitrogen, 5.3 wt.% Poly-N-vinyl lactam, 1.699 wt.% Salts containing macronutrients, and 0.04 wt.% Salts containing trace elements according to example 1 ...

Example 3. 186 kg of a 56% solution of potassium acrylate and 52 kg of a 33% solution of sodium methacrylate were poured into a reactor with a capacity of 0.6 m³, 2.92 kg of pentaerythritol allyl ether were poured and 2.6 kg of potassium dioxysibacinate were added. The resulting mixture was heated with stirring to a temperature of 93 ° C and 162 kg of potassium phosphate, 17.5 kg of potassium nitrate, 15.3 kg of ammonium sulfate, 18.4 kg of 13% urea solution, 0.25 kg of a set of salts containing trace elements were added. example 1, and 12.0 liters of 15% aqueous solution of hydrogen hydroperoxide. The resulting mixture was heated to a temperature of 98 ° C, triethanolamine acetate was added, kept for 2 hours, after which 24 kg of poly-N-vinyl lactam were added, and the total volume was made up to 500 liters with water. After cooling, the finished product was packaged. The resulting composition contained 36.2 wt.% Of carboxylic acid fragments associated with macronutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 1.0 wt.% Poly-N-vinyl lactam, 62.7 wt.% Salts containing macronutrients, and 0.1 wt% salts containing trace elements according to example 1.

The effectiveness of the use of fertilizers for each example in relation to the claimed technical result is confirmed by experimental data.

An assessment was made of the effect on seed germination and germination energy (the germination energy characterizes the goodness of seed shoots after 3 days) of the tebuconazole disinfectant, taken separately, and when it is used together with the Zelenit-1 fertilizer, known from the document [RU 2401824, IPC C05D 9/02, C05G 3/00, A01N 37/44, A01N 59/00], as well as the fertilizer proposed for patenting in three embodiments.

The experiment was carried out using a climatic chamber. The soil is soddy-podzolic, the humus content is 4-5%, pH 5.4-5.5. The plants were planted in vessels of 30 plants per vessel 25 cm in diameter. The studied culture was barley, variety Moskovsky 86, with a seeding rate of 6.0 million / ha of germinating seeds. The yield was taken into account for each individual vessel by weighing the wet and dry mass of plants. The experiment was repeated three times. The scheme of the experiment, according to which 5 solutions were prepared, is shown in Table 1. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 2.

Table 1. Scheme of the experiment to assess the effect of the separate and combined use of tebuconazole, the Zelenit-1 fertilizer and the fertilizer proposed for patenting on seed germination and germination energy

Option Treatment one Tebuconazole (60 g / l) 0.3 l / t - background 2 Background + Zelenit-1 0.5 l / t 3 Background + Fertilization of the composition according to example No. 1 0.3 l / t four Background + Fertilization of the composition according to example No. 2 0.3 l / t five Background + Fertilization of the composition according to example No. 3 0.3 l / t

Table 2 . Results of an experiment to assess the effect of separate and combined use of tebuconazole, Zelenit-1 fertilizer and fertilizer proposed for patenting on seed germination and germination energy

Option Vessel no. Seed germination,% Germination energy,% one one 44.4 31.1 2 3 2 four 48.7 37.3 five 6 3 7 59.7 54.1 eight nine four 10 68.9 60.0 eleven 12 five 13 48.9 37.8 fourteen fifteen

As can be seen from table 2, as a result of using the fertilizer proposed for patenting in three examples of implementation, the values of seed germination and germination energy increased in relation to the control variant with a pure dressing agent, as well as a mixture of dressing agent and Zelenit-1 fertilizer.

We also studied the effect of the Zelenit-1 fertilizer and the fertilizer proposed for patenting according to three examples of implementation on the rate of introduction of a pesticide (fungicide) based on fluxapiroxade when used together to ensure the required values of germination energy, field and laboratory seed germination, as well as density standing of plants. The scheme of the experiment, according to which 5 solutions were prepared, is shown in Table 3. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 4.

Table 3 . Scheme of the experiment to assess the effect of the Zelenit-1 fertilizer and the fertilizer proposed for patenting on the germination energy, germination of wheat seeds (Saratovskaya 42 spring wheat seeds, Levoberezhnaya winter wheat seeds), plant density and the rate of introduction of a pesticide based on fluxapiroxade when used together with fertilizers

Option Treatment one Pesticide based on fluxapiroxade 0.5 l / t - background 2 Background 0.3 l / t + Zelenit-1 fertilizer 0.5 l / t 3 Background 0.2 l / t + Fertilizer according to example No. 1 0.3 l / t four Background 0.2 l / t + Fertilizer according to example No. 2 0.3 l / t five Background 0.2 l / t + Fertilizer according to example No. 3 0.3 l / t

Table 4. Results of the experiment on assessing the effect of the Zelenit-1 fertilizer and the fertilizer proposed for patenting on the germination energy, germination of wheat seeds, plant density and the rate of introduction of a pesticide based on fluxapiroxade when used together with fertilizers

Option Germination energy,% Laboratory germination,% Field germination,% Density of standing of plants, pieces / m2 Yarovaya Winter Yarovaya Winter Yarovaya Winter Yarovaya Winter ¹ one 88 90 83 82 91 92 338 382 2 82 83 81 80 90 92 332 374 3 86 90 84 82 90 92 342 384 four 94 96 86 84 92 96 348 392 five 82 84 81 79 88 90 334 372 Control 79 82 76 78 86 88 329 368

¹ Density of standing of plants in autumn.

As can be seen from table 4, the use of the fertilizer proposed for patenting for each of the examples of implementation allows to reduce the rate (amount) of the introduction of the pesticide based on fluxapiroxade compared to the fertilizer "Zelint-1" when reaching comparable values of each of the four studied indicators. It should also be noted that in variants 3 and 4 the values of each indicator turned out to be higher than when using the Zelenit-1 fertilizer, while in each of the embodiments the consumption of the fertilizer itself was reduced.

Thus, the content of the fertilizer contains poly-N-vinyl lactam in the amount of 1 - 5.3 wt. %, as well as ammonium sulfate as one of the salts containing macronutrients, allows the invention proposed for patenting to be implemented with the achievement of the claimed technical result.

From the above data, it follows that the use of fertilizer based on a polymer matrix as a means for foliar dressing allows solving a number of problems facing an agricultural producer: creating complex systems of mineral nutrition, dramatically increasing the resistance of a productive phytocenosis to adverse weather conditions, reducing the amount of mineral fertilizers used, increasing seed germination, reduce the rate of introduction of pesticides, and, consequently, significantly improve the quality and quantity of the crop, as well as the profitability of agricultural production.

Claims (5)

1. Fertilizer based on a polymer matrix, containing fragments of carboxylic acids associated with at least one macronutrient, as well as salts containing macronutrients and trace elements, characterized in that it additionally contains poly-N-vinyl lactam, and at least one salt, containing macronutrients is ammonium sulfate, and the content of the components is, wt%: Fragments of carboxylic acids associated with at least one macronutrient 36.2-97.35 Salts containing macronutrients 0.7-62.7 Salts containing trace elements 0.04-0.1 Poly-N-vinyl lactam 1-5.3 2. Fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the carboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of maleic, alginic, acrylic, methacrylic, sebacic, carbonic and acetic acids. 3. Fertilizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the macronutrients are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur. 4. Fertilizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the trace elements are selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, molybdenum, zinc, boron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium.