RU2347789C1 - "akvadon" fertiliser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for fertilising plants in crop production. Fertiliser based on polymeric matrices contains fragments of carboxylic acids, where it contains two fragments of monomers, selected from the following groups: acrylic acid, methyl-acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, N-vinyl amide, and also microelements. Content of acrylic acid in the polymeric matrix is 30-90 wt %, methyl-acrylic acid - 20-70 wt %, maleic anhydride - 25-45 wt %, N-Vinyl amide - 5-20 wt %.

EFFECT: obtaining a complex fertiliser, capable of giving an effect in small doses of administration, guarantee uniformity of the compound during storage and soil application and spraying on leaves, possibility of using the fertiliser in soil of different acidity, capability of improving the quality of seeds, increase germination capacity and viability, stimulate root formation, make it possible to mix with other types of fertilisers and strengthen their action.

6 cl, 2 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to fertilizers for crop production.

The problem of providing plants of various origin with nutrients during the growing season is solved using organic and mineral fertilizers.

However, the disadvantage of organic fertilizers is that they contain small doses of nutrients and therefore require high doses of soil. In addition, most of them require disinfection from pathogenic microorganisms before application. However, organic fertilizers have an aftereffect for 2-3 years, contribute to the preservation of the humus layer, provide improved soil structure and improve the moisture-air regime. In particular, organic fertilizer is known that contains bird or animal droppings processed by microbiological fermentation (RU, 2141932, 1999). The disadvantages of this fertilizer are the need to introduce a growth stimulator of microorganisms into it and significant doses of introducing it into the soil.

Organic fertilizer is known to be prepared from the waste products of living organisms (RU, 2132320, 1999). The main disadvantage of this fertilizer is its imbalance, which necessitates the processing of the product with an alkaline agent to achieve the desired pH.

Mineral fertilizers can provide high concentrations of nutrients with relatively low doses, but often with prolonged use cause salinization and acidification of the soil, have a low utilization of nutrients - in open ground it does not exceed 30-45% depending on the nutrient, which causes environmental pollution .

So, it is known mineral fertilizer obtained by nitric acid processing of phosphate ores (EP 0039241, 1981). The disadvantage of fertilizer is the low utilization of nutrients, which causes environmental pollution.

Organomineral fertilizers are known that have the advantages of both mineral and organic fertilizers. The organic part contributes to the accumulation (or preservation, compensation of losses) of humus, improves the soil structure, ensures the development of soil microorganisms, and the mineral component makes up for losses in nutrients and also contributes to soil structuring.

In particular, granular complex fertilizer is known obtained by mixing and granulating loam, expanded clay, kaolinite, phosphogypsum, aerosil with the addition of peat and natural zeolite as nitrogen and phosphorus sorbents in an amount of 3.0-3.5 wt.% (SU 1302646, 1985). The disadvantages of the fertilizer thus obtained are the complex component composition, the significant complexity of the process, and the non-standardization of the composition.

The most famous were mixtures containing peat (sometimes together with organic waste), enriched with nutrients. However, peat contains a very small number of nutrients and trace elements, so all components (including trace elements up to 20 items) must be added to the mixture during cooking.

Currently, various, usually natural polymer compounds, such as lignosulfonates or polyaspartates, which can be used in crop production as materials that contribute to the absorption of nutrients, are widely used as fertilizers. However, they all have certain disadvantages that limit their scope.

In particular, lignosulfonates, obtained as a by-product in the pulp and paper industry, are non-standardized, which does not allow to obtain reliable results when using them. Polyaspartates are very expensive and they are not stable at acidic pH.

A common drawback of these fertilizers is the lack of trace elements in their composition, which limits their area of influence on plants.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a fertilizer, which is a polymer containing repeating polymer units derived from maleic acid or itaconic acid, or their anhydrides. The polymers are used alone or mixed with phosphate fertilizers, or with trace elements. Fertilizer is applied directly to the soil adjacent to growing plants or applied directly to the seeds (RU 2267499).

The disadvantage of fertilizer is the need for its use in significant quantities and, therefore, the high cost, the absence of trace elements in its composition, which complicates the technology of its use.

The technical problem solved by the authors was to create a complex fertilizer that can give an effect at low doses of administration (1-3 l / ha).

The technical result was achieved by creating a polymer obtained by copolymerization of at least two of the following group of monomers: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, N-vinylamide, which would include trace elements.

The proportion of individual fragments of monomers in the polymer matrix is: acrylic acid - 30-90% wt., Methacrylic acid - 20-70% wt., Maleic anhydride - 25-45% wt., N-vinylamide -5-20% wt. The presence of microelements in the composition of the polymer matrix in the form of polymer complexes of the specified composition protects them from rapid washing out by soil waters and sediments, and provides a prolonged action of the fertilizer. As trace elements, the fertilizer contains salts of at least one of the following elements in the following amounts: 0.1-10.0 g / l Fe, 0.05-10.0 g / l Cu, 0.01-10.0 g / l Mo, 0.05-10.0 g / l Zn, mg / l, 0.1-15 g / l V, 0.1-10.0 g / l Mn, 0.05-5.0 g / l Co.

If necessary, other microelements, for example magnesium, sulfur, etc., can be included in its composition, depending on the conditions of use.

Fertilizer is used both for the main application of fertilizers in the soil, and for foliar top dressing of plants during the growing season, in open or protected soil in the form of a liquid or aerosol. In a concentration, as a rule, 0.1-0.2% at a flow rate of 1-3 l / ha, which provides an average yield increase of 10 to 70%, depending on the crop being cultivated.

A feature of the claimed fertilizer is the ability to form a water-polymer system that forms on the organs of plants and soil particles a sediment-resistant film containing nutrients.

Fertilizer can be used both independently and together with herbicides and other fertilizers. When used for planting seedlings, its use preserves the loose, crumbly soil structure, increases air permeability, and provides high water retention.

The advantages of the new fertilizer, called "Aquadon", are:

- the constancy of the composition during storage and application to the soil and spraying on the sheet;

- the ability to apply fertilizer in soils of varying acidity;

- the ability to positively affect the agrochemical properties and soil structure;

- the ability to improve the quality of seeds - to increase seed germination and germination energy, to stimulate root formation;

- increase the commercial characteristics and nutritional value of crops;

- increase the immunity of plants to adverse weather effects;

- increase the efficiency of drip irrigation;

- the ability to mix with other types of fertilizers and enhance the effect of mineral fertilizers.

Example 1. 25 kg of maleic anhydride and 50 kg of methacrylic acid were loaded into the reactor, 300 l of water and 60 liters of 40% sodium hydroxide were added. Next, 24 g of CoSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O and a polymerization initiator were introduced. After reaching a temperature of 100 ° C, the reaction mixture was gradually diluted to 1000 L. At the output, 1000 L of a micronutrient fertilizer containing 5 mg / L cobalt was obtained.

Example 2. 20 kg of maleic anhydride, 5 kg of N-vinylamide, 20 kg of acrylic acid, 10 kg of methacrylic acid were loaded into the reactor, 350 l of water and 60 l of 40% sodium hydroxide were added. Then 49.65 kg of FeSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O, 39 kg of CuSO ₄ · 5H ₂ O, 15.1 kg of Na ₂ MoO ₄ · 2H ₂ O, 45.7 kg of ZnNO ₃ · 6H ₂ O, 84.6 kg were added H ₃ BO ₃ , 39.44 kg MnSO ₄ · 5H ₂ O, 24 kg CoSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O. The mixture was thermostated at 80 ° C for 3 hours, then the polymerization initiator was introduced. After reaching 100 ° C, gradual dilution with water up to 1000 l was performed.

Received 1000 l of micronutrient fertilizer containing: Fe 10.000 mg / l; Cu 10,000 mg / L; Mo 6.000 mg / l; Zn 10.000 mg / L; At 15,000 mg / l; Mn 9.000 mg / L; With 5.000 mg / l.

Example 3. 30 kg of acrylic acid, 35 kg of methacrylic acid were charged into the reactor, 400 l of water and 60 l of 40% sodium hydroxide were added. After that, 7.4 kg of H ₃ BO ₃ were introduced; 6.9 kg of FeSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O; 0.4 kg CuSO ₄ · 5H ₂ O, 0.4 kg 7Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂ · 6H ₂ O; 5.9 kg MnSo ₄ · 5H ₂ O; 137.8 kg MgSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O; 0.048 kg NaMoO ₄ · 2H ₂ O; 0.046 kg CoSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O. The mixture was thermostated at 65 ° C for 3 hours, then the polymerization initiator was introduced. After reaching a temperature of 100 ° C, the mixture was gradually diluted to 1000 L. The mixture was thermostated until the reaction ceased. 1000 L microelement fertilizer containing 1500 mg / L Fe, 110 mg / L Cu, 22 mg / L Mo, 110 mg / L Zn, 1500 mg / L B, 1500 mg / L Mn, 11 mg / L Co, was obtained. 15300 mg / l Mg, 23000 mg / l S.

Example 4. Under the conditions of example 1, experiments were carried out to obtain fertilizers with various amounts of trace elements.

The characteristics of the fertilizers obtained and the recommended area of their application are given in table 1.

Table 1

Characteristics of Aquadon fertilizers (AK-acrylic acid, MAK-methacrylic acid, MA-maleic anhydride, BA-N-vinylamide)

Application area Starting Monomers Micro and macro element composition, mg / l Fe Mg S Other items Universal AK: MAK: VA 70:20:10 1100 15300 22500 Cu 110, Mo 22, Zn 110, B 220, Mn 1100, Co 11 Fruit crops AK: MA 60:40 2300 1950 Mo 400, Zn 110, B 2000, Mn 1100 Rice MAK: MA 70:30 2000 3420 Cu 260, Mo 400, Zn 4000, V 2000, Mn 4000, Co 300 Beet AK: MAK: MA 30:30:40 3000 4640 Mo 3500, Zn 3000, B 8000, Co 6000 Cereal crops AK: MAK: VA 45:45:10 4000 Cu 2000, Mo 500, Zn 110, B 220, Mn 1100, Co 11 Vegetable crops AK: MAK 46:54 1500 15300 23000 Cu 110, Mo 22, Zn 110, B1500, Mn 1500, Co 11 Industrial crops AK: VA 90:10 2000 4000 Cu 1000, Mo 500, Zn 4000, B 1500, Mn 4000 Legumes MAK: VA 80:20 1200 1550 Cu 110, Mo 22, Zn 4000, B 1500, Mn 1200, Co 300 Perennial herbs AK: MAK: MA: VA 30: 30: 35: 5 1775 Ca 4150, Mo 1420, B 1690, Mn 2200, Co 870 Rape AK: MA: VA 70: 25: 5 C 330, Mo 490, Zn 1650, B 1720

The results of tests conducted using fertilizers "Aquadon" are shown in table.2.

Example 4. Tests of the combined use of fertilizer "Aquadon" with herbicides were carried out in the Kuban State Agrarian University by spraying in a mixture with the herbicide "Secator" in a dose of 120 g of herbicide and 2 l of fertilizer per 1 ha of crops. When processing wheat, the length of the spike increased from 9.2 to 9.9 cm, the height of plants from 85 to 91 cm, yield - from 45.0 to 48.7 kg / ha; when processing rice - panicle length increased from 13.0 to 13.4 cm, plant height from 31.2 to 39.7 cm, yield - from 46.0 to 49.8 kg / ha; for soybeans, the number of flowers per plant increased from 49 to 62, the number of pods from 38 to 50, and the yield from 23.0 to 25.3 c / ha.

table 2 Name of organization, region Culture Variety, hybrid Productivity in control, c / ha Productivity with Aquadon-Micro, t / ha Increase, kg / ha % Increase Agrotechnika CJSC, Leningrad Region Canned cabbage Calorama F1 680.00 1,200.00 520.00 76.5 Cauliflower Goodman F1 130.00 250.00 120.00 92.3 CJSC "Plekhoz them. Telman ", Leningrad Region Carrot Narbona F1 477.00 530.00 53.00 11.1 CJSC Pobeda, Leningrad Region Carrot Nandrin F1 490.00 520.00 30.00 6.1 Beetroot Boltardi 300.00 340.00 40.00 13.3 Federal State Institution “Federal State Territorial Plant Protection Station in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region” Carrot Bangor F1 160.70 357.50 196.80 122.5 SEC “Plemszavod“ Detskoselsky ”, Leningrad Region Beetroot Pablo F1 318.00 350.00 32.00 10.1 CJSC Predportovy, Leningrad. reg. Beetroot Akela F1 324.00 360.00 36.00 11.1 LLC MORO-Agrocenter, Leningrad Region Canned cabbage Barton F1 500.00 600.00 100.00 20,0 Carrot Dordogne F1 150.00 210.00 60.00 40,0 Potatoes Elizabeth 2nd reproduction 140.00 170.00 30.00 21,4 CJSC Bugry, Leningrad Region Corn PR39X32 300.00 330.00 30.00 10.0 Agrofirm Orel LLC, Oryol Oblast Buckwheat Dikul 6.80 7.90 1.10 16,2 CJSC APK Belorechensky, Sverdlovsk Region Canned cabbage Hurricane F1 700.00 775.00 75.00 10.7 Barley Sonnet 44.90 51.60 6.70 15.0 LLC Agrofirm Komarovka, Kursk region Spring wheat Daria 30.00 34.00 4.00 13.3 Sugar beet Masha 700.00 715.00 15.00 2.1 CJSC Samara-Solana, Samara Region Potatoes Rosara 1 reproduction 429.00 452.00 23.00 5,4 CJSC Agrofirm Kolos, Krasnodar Territory Winter wheat Don 95 50,20 52.80 2.60 5.2 Winter wheat Vita 57.50 60.40 2.90 5,0 Rice Estuary 45.90 50.70 4.80 10.5 Soybean Vilana 18.50 25,20 6.70 36,2 Sugar beet Atamansha 480.00 510.00 30.00 6.25 Canaria 445.00 460.00 15.00 3.37 Domingo 520.00 590.00 70.00 13.46 Krasnodar region Onion Chalcedony KH "Voloshchuk N.V.", Yaroslavl region Canned cabbage Kuisto F1 400.00 490.00 90.00 22.5 Carrot Samson F1 300.00 345.00 45.00 15.0 LLC "Agrofirm Glushkovskaya Niva" ". Kursk region Sugar beet Masha 600.00 730.00 130.00 21.6 Federal State Institution “Leningrad Reference Center of the Rosselkhoznadzor” Barley Krinichny 30.00 39.00 9.00 30,0 Potatoes Nevsky 184.00 204.00 20.00 11.0 Carrot Forte 537.00 666.00 129.00 24.0 Beet Bonnel 508.00 719.00 211.00 42.0 Canned cabbage Kingston 609.00 803.00 194.00 32,0 Lgovskaya experimental selection station Sugar beet - 348.00 371.00 23.00 6.6 Sugar collection - 56.40 61.70 5.30 9,4

Claims (6)

1. Fertilizer based on a polymer matrix containing carboxylic acid fragments, characterized in that it contains at least two monomer fragments selected from the following group of monomers: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, N-vinylamide, as well as trace elements. 2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of acrylic acid fragments in the polymer is 30-90%. 3. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of methacrylic acid fragments in the polymer is 20-70%. 4. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the content in the polymer of fragments of maleic anhydride is 25-45%. 5. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of N-vinylamide fragments in the polymer is 5-20%. 6. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as trace elements salts of at least one of the following elements in the following amounts: 0.1-10.0 g / l Fe, 0.05-10.0 g / l Si, 0.01-10.0 g / l Mo, 0.05-10.0 g / l Zn, mg / l, 0.1-15 g / l B, 0.1-10.0 g / l Mn, 0.05-5.0 g / l Co.