RU2204896C2 - Machine for continuous potato harvesting line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: machine has digging tool, feeding elevator, screen for preliminary soil separation, bucket elevator, tuber final cleaning screen, and sorting elevator. Spring-loaded toothed rakes are pivotally mounted forward of machine. Shaft with spiral-shaped teeth is paired with comb and drum is provided with screw. Rake drive is kinematically connected with machine drive. Knife with digging tools is fixed in front part of feeding elevator. Comb is mounted on frame for receiving tuber mass from elevator. Bucket elevator is adapted for lifting tuber mass into preliminary separating screen. Machine is provided with crumble breaking unit. EFFECT: increased efficiency by completely mechanized potato harvesting operation. 8 cl, 17 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to machines for harvesting potatoes.

 Known root harvester harvester containing a frame on which digging devices, a receiving elevator, a topping device, supporting wheels, lump-breaking separating and sorting devices are fixed (SU 1794356, class A 01 D 17/00, 02/15/1993).

 The closest technical solution to the proposed machine is a potato harvester containing a share, a receiving elevator, a topper, a screen for preliminary separation of the soil, a bucket elevator, a screen for final cleaning of tubers, a sorting elevator (SU 131995, class A 01 D 17/20 02/10/1966).

 The disadvantages of the known devices are significant damage to root crops, as well as the incomplete release of tubers from lumps of earth, stones and other impurities, that is, complete mechanization of harvesting potatoes is not provided.

 The objective of the invention is high productivity - 0.7 ha / h on heavy soils without damaging tubers and their complete cleaning of all impurities, the complete release of manual labor and the ability to harvest root crops in wet weather due to the automatic cleaning of all separating organs from soil sticking.

 The technical result is the provision of full mechanization of harvesting potatoes.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that the machine of the production line for harvesting potatoes contains a digging working body, a receiving elevator, a screen for preliminary separation of the soil, a bucket elevator, a screen for final cleaning of tubers and a sorting elevator, spring-loaded rakes with teeth are mounted on hinges in front of the machine, in addition, there is a shaft with spiral teeth paired with a comb and a drum with a screw, while the rake drive is kinematically connected to the drive of the machine, in front of the receiving elevator a knife with digging tools was captured, a comb was mounted on the frame to receive the tuberous mass from the elevator, and the bucket elevator is designed to lift the tuberous mass into the screen for preliminary separation, and the machine has a crumbling unit, the machine also has three supporting-copy wheels, two of which have a profile for copying the beds, and the third - for copying the row spacing, the rods of the receiving elevator are fixed to the chains and connected by hinges in the center of the elevator, while lowering the working bodies I lower they are lifted and lifted by means of a hydraulic cylinder, the shafts of the bucket elevator are interconnected by chains, in the links of which rods and axles are installed, the teeth are attached to the axles, while the teeth and rods are mounted with the possibility of forming buckets, in addition, it is equipped with a drive mechanism for the preliminary separation screen soil in the transverse direction.

 The lump-breaking unit contains a bar elevator supporting and calibrating and lump-breaking drums, and the supporting-calibrating drum with teeth is mounted rotatably between the branches of the elevator in the center to clean them of adhering soil, and the lump-breaking drum is mounted to rotate towards the elevator, in addition, the machine equipped with a second screen for the final cleaning of the tubers from the soil, the sorting elevator has a bar pitch of 50 mm, a conveyor with a hopper for the club is mounted under the upper branch of the elevator s to 40 mm, and large tubers conveyor with hopper mounted under the lower branch of the elevator.

 Figure 1 shows a potato harvester, top view.

 Figure 2 is the same side view.

 Figure 3 shows the fastening of the rods to the circuit of the receiving elevator.

 Figure 4 shows the hinges connecting the rods of the receiving elevator.

 Figure 5 shows the teeth of a rake.

 In FIG. 6 shows a screen of preliminary cleaning - the main organ of the screen.

 Figure 7 shows the mechanism of the push rods.

 Fig. 8 shows a screen grill, top view.

 In FIG. 9 shows the combs located behind the receiving and bucket elevators.

 In FIG. 10 shows a comb working in tandem with a shaft with spiral teeth.

 11 shows a calibration drum, a top view.

 On Fig is the same side view.

 On Fig - node rake, left view.

 On Fig shows a receiving elevator, left view.

 On Fig is the same, top view.

 In Fig.16 shows a sorting and loading unit, view from the right.

 On Fig is the same, rear view.

 The potato harvester contains a rake 1, consisting of two frames, between which the housing 3 is mounted and fastened by ties. In the housing 3, a screw 4 is mounted, fixed in the cover 5 by bearings and kinematically connected by a chain drive to the main drive. A comb 9 is attached to the housing 3. Shafts 6 and 8 are mounted between the rake frames 1. The shaft 6 has helical teeth, and the teeth 7 are mounted on the shaft 8 and spring-loaded. Rake 1 is mounted in front of the machine on the main frame on hinges and spring-loaded. During transportation, the teeth of the rake 1 are raised using the hydraulic cylinder 108.

 Potato harvesting machine contains backup wheels 14, 15 with different profiles. Two wheels 15 copies rows of beds, the third wheel 14 - a furrow. This ensures accurate digging of rows in depth, protecting against damage and loss of potato tubers. The copy wheels 14, 15 are automatically cleaned of soil from sticking with a scraper 16. The copy wheels 14, 15 are mounted on a shaft 13, which is mounted on the main frame.

 The potato harvester includes a receiving elevator 2. The receiving elevator frame 19 is mounted inside the main frame using bushings that fit into the supporting bushings of the elevator 2 frame 19 and are fixed to the main frame. The shaft 20 is fixed in the bushings using bearings and is connected by a chain drive to the main drive. Shaft 22 is mounted in front of the elevator frame 19. The drive shaft 20 and the driven shaft 22 are kinematically connected by special chains, the rods 23 are mounted in their links. In the center of the elevator 2, the rods 23 are connected by hinges 25. In front of the elevator frame 19, a knife 18 is fixed with digging bodies 17 having the shape of a trihedral pyramid . A calibrating drum is mounted on the drive shaft, which cleans the rods from soil sticking.

 From the receiving elevator 2, the tuberous mass enters the comb 24 mounted on the main frame, from which the tuberous mass is transferred to the bucket elevator.

 The bucket elevator is mounted on the main frame at an angle. Shafts are mounted on the elevator frame: master 33 and driven 34 with asterisks. The shaft is kinematically connected by a chain drive with a reducer 103, and also shafts 33 and 34 are interconnected by chains, in the links of which rods 39 and axes 38 are fixed. To the axes 38 are fixed teeth 40, mounted at an angle. Teeth 40 and rods form buckets 41 paired with combs 24 and 61. From comb 24, the bucket elevator with buckets picks up the tuberous mass and transfers it to comb 61 and the screen of preliminary soil cleaning.

 The screen 4 for pre-cleaning potato tubers contains two shafts mounted on the main frame, the drive 44 and the driven 46, kinematically connected by a chain gear with a gear 103. Longitudinal bearings 58 with bushings 47 are mounted on the tetrahedral parts of the shafts 44 and 46 with the ability to rotate around its axis and simultaneously move along the shafts 44, 46 in the transverse direction of the machine. The bushings 47 are interconnected by housings 49, in the longitudinal direction by jumpers 50, between which the screen is mounted. The grooves between the ribs of the screen 4 include pushers 53, which move along the screen. In the transverse direction of the machine, the screen is driven by a connecting rod 90 from the gearbox 103 by a crankshaft. Boards 54 are mounted to jumpers 50 — the right and left, which are fastened together by ties 55, the left side is connected to the connecting rod 90. Soft buffers 92 are mounted to the sides 54 and the main frame. Screen 4, hitting the frame buffers, causes the tuberous mass to shake . To remove the load from the shafts 44, 46 and the longitudinal bearings 58, the entire screen design is suspended from the carriage 59. Four racks 57 are mounted on the main frame with the possibility of their regulation, interconnected by jumpers 50. Guides 88 are mounted on the racks 57, along which the trolley moves 59 with a roar. To lubricate the bearings, oil is poured into the housing 49.

 The machine is equipped with a lump-breaking unit 5, consisting of a bar elevator 67, a support-calibrating drum 71. Shafts are mounted on the main frame - a drive 62 and a follower 64, which are kinematically connected by a chain gear to the shaft 44. The shaft of the support-calibration drum 71 is mounted in the center between the shafts 62 and 64. The teeth of the supporting gauge drum go between the rods and clean them from the sticking of the soil. The lumpy drum 65 is mounted in guides that are fixed to the base frame. Drum 65 is spring loaded and floating. The rods of the lumpy drum are cleaned of soil sticking by a scraper 73 mounted to the main frame.

 The machine has a screen for final cleaning of potato tubers. The design of this screen is identical to the design of the screen for preliminary cleaning of potato tubers from the soil.

 The potato harvester is equipped with a sorting elevator 93. The elevator 93 is mounted with a bar spacing of 50 mm. Tubers up to 40 mm in size fall into the hopper 98 of the conveyor 100, which is mounted under the upper branch of the elevator 93, large tubers are poured into the hopper 97 of the loading conveyor 99, mounted under the lower branch of the elevator 93. The sorting elevator rods are automatically cleaned from sticking of the soil by the calibration drum.

 When transporting the machine, the boom of the conveyor automatically folds hydraulically.

 Machine for harvesting potatoes works as follows.

 During the movement of the power engineering means - the tractor, the rotation is transmitted through the cardan 121 to the gearbox 101, from the gearbox 101 the rotation is transmitted through the cardan shaft 122 to the chain drive 110 and through the cardan shaft 123 to the gearboxes 102, 103, 104, 105.

 The tractor drives the car into rows of potatoes. The support wheel 14 is installed between the rows. The gauge wheels 15 should touch the soil of the rows. With the hydraulic cylinder 108, lower the rake all the way, the teeth 7 lie firmly on the soil of the rows. Start a smooth motion. When the machine moves, the teeth of the rake 7 cut off all weeds, tops, pick lumps and stones and all this goes to the surface of the teeth 7, and the shaft 6 with spiral teeth paired with a comb 9 large weeds and tops are chopped and pushed into the screw 4, which is all throws to the harvested field. The screw 4 and the shaft 6 with spiral teeth are kinematically connected by a chain gear to the shaft 122.

 With the hydraulic cylinder 106, the receiving elevator 2 with the digging bodies 17 is lowered onto the stops 28 until it stops with the help of cams 30. When the machine is moving, the digging bodies 17 cut into rows lower than the tubers and raise them up. The elevator knife 18 is firmly attached to the soil and the whole fruitful mass flows to the knife 18, and then to the elevator rods 23 and to the comb 24. The receiving elevator 2 shaft 20 is driven by a chain transmission from the gearbox 102.

 From comb 24, the bucket elevator 3 with buckets, which are in the lower position, picks up the tuberous mass and lifts it up, where it is poured onto comb 61 and to a screen for preliminary cleaning of the soil. The drive shaft 33 of the bucket elevator is connected by a chain gear to the gearbox 104.

 The screen for preliminary soil cleaning sways in the transverse direction and hits the buffers. There is a concussion of the tuberous mass and its instant separation. All that remains is tubers and lumps of soil that advance the pushers onto the elevator of the lump-breaking drum 65. The transverse movement of the screen for preliminary cleaning of the soil is carried out from the gearbox 104 by a crankshaft, which is connected to the connecting rod 90 and to the screen side 54. The shafts 44, 46 are interconnected by chains and the chains are interconnected by axles 52, pushers 53 are fixed on axis 52. All this device works from a reducer 103, which is connected by a chain transmission with a shaft 44. Pushers 53 move along the screen-grill, simultaneously across across place with bars. The screen easily moves in the transverse direction, since the bushings 47 are paired with shafts 44, 46 with longitudinal bearings, and swings along four guides, moves along two shafts and is suspended from a carriage 59, which rolls on four rollers along two guides back there.

 The elevator of the lumpy drum 65 delivers tubers and lumps of soil to the supporting and calibrating drums 71, 65. The supporting and calibrating drum 71 is installed between the branches of the elevator in the center between the shafts 44, 46. The rods with which it engages . On top of the elevator mounted lump-breaking drum, which rotates towards the elevator. The rods act on the lumps of earth and destroy them, and touching the potato tubers they rise due to their high rigidity, leaving them intact, since the working end of the rod is covered with an elastic cover. The elevator is driven from the shaft 44 by a chain drive to the shaft 62. From the lump-breaking elevator, the tubers and the remaining earth enter the screen of final cleaning of tubers, the design and operation of which are identical to the screen of preliminary soil cleaning. Pure potato tubers from the screen of the final cleaning of tubers arrive at the sorting elevator 93. The pitch of the elevator bars 93 of the sorting 50 mm. Tubers up to 40 mm fall into the hopper 98. Large tubers go to the end of the elevator 93 and are poured into the hopper of the conveyor 97. The rods of the sorting elevator 93 are automatically cleaned from sticking of the soil with a calibration drum. The calibration drum is driven by rods with which it is engaged. Sorting elevator 93 is driven from the gearbox 105 by chain transmission to shaft 127, from shaft 127 by chain transmission to shaft 95. Conveyor 99 is driven from shaft 127 by chain transmission to shaft 128 through a conical pair. The conveyor 100 is driven from the shaft 127. The conveyors are automatically folded hydraulically during transportation.

Claims (8)

 1. The machine of the production line for harvesting potatoes, containing a digging tool, a receiving elevator, a screen for preliminary separation of the soil, a bucket elevator, a screen for final cleaning of tubers and a sorting elevator, characterized in that the spring-mounted rakes with teeth are mounted on hinges, in addition , there is a shaft with spiral teeth paired with a comb and a drum with a screw, and the rake drive is kinematically connected to the drive of the machine, a knife with digging is fixed in front of the receiving elevator yuschimi working bodies, mounted on the frame for receiving the comb klubnenosnogo mass from the elevator, and the bucket elevator for lifting tuberous mass crashing to preliminary separation, the machine has komkorazrushayuschy node.  2. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with three supporting and copying wheels, two of which have a profile for copying beds, and the third for copying row spacings.  3. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that the rods of the receiving elevator are fixed on a chain, connected by the hinges in the center of the elevator, while the undercutting working bodies are lowered by means of a hydraulic cylinder.  4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts of the bucket elevator are interconnected by chains, in the links of which rods and axles are installed, teeth are fixed to the axles, while the teeth and rods are installed with the possibility of forming buckets.  5. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a drive mechanism for the screen in the transverse direction.  6. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy node contains a bar elevator supporting and calibrating and lumping drums, and the supporting and calibrating drum with teeth is mounted for rotation between the branches of the elevator in the center to clean them of adhering soil, and lump-destroying the drum is mounted to rotate towards the elevator.  7. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a second screen for cleaning the tubers from the soil.  8. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorting elevator has a bar pitch of 50 mm, a conveyor with a tuber hopper up to 40 mm is mounted under the upper branch of the elevator, and a large tuber conveyor with a hopper is mounted under the lower elevator branch.

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