RU111963U1 - ROOF HARVESTER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Root and tuber harvester, containing excavating working bodies, transport-separating mechanisms and an unloading device, characterized in that its transport-separating mechanisms are made in the form of thin-walled perforated pipes fixed on the frame with the ability to describe their axes in the working process of the trajectories lying on the conical surfaces. ! 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive of its mechanisms includes cardan shafts, a gearbox, flywheels and a twin, and the suspension of thin-walled perforated pipes to the frame and the twin is made using hinged joints with the possibility of coordinating their pitch with the row spacing of the harvested crop ... ! 3. Harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains spring-loaded figure rollers, a brush and a conveyor for removing haulm and weeds from the area of the combine.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to agricultural engineering, to machines for harvesting potatoes, beets, carrots and other root crops.

Known rotary root-crop-harvesting machine (Russian patent No. 2021661 Cl. A01D 17/14 10/30/1994, bull. No. 20), containing the chassis with a support frame, drive and steered wheels, digging and separating mechanisms, including cylindrical sections of the housing, installed in series with intervals, transporting rotors with coulter crowns, spiral separators, separating and loading conveyors with control systems and drives.

This machine is characterized by a large number of parts and components, large material consumption and mass, which will negatively affect the cost of manufacture, operation, the complexity of the service and its reliability. In addition, with frequent overloads from one mechanism to another, the percentage of battle of root crops will be increased.

Known root-harvesting machine (USSR AS No. 1586571 Cl. A01D 17/00 08/23/1990 Bull. No. 31), containing a frame, kopach, each of which consists of disks, plowshares and augers, several elevator separators with augers, reloaders and balloons - komkomodvory, finger with auger and unloading conveyors and finger slide.

The disadvantages of this machine are similar to the disadvantages of the machine according to patent No. 2021661. In addition, the number of overloads and changes in the direction of movement of root crops is increased and obviously the yield is reduced.

The closest known technical solution in its essence and the achieved result is the KROT potato harvester (AS USSR No. 1604211 Cl. A01D 17/00 11/07/1990. Bull. 41, prototype), containing a digging tool in the form of a tubular scoop with a curly input part having a blunted upper edge, equipped with a clamping curly roller mounted above it with the possibility of shifting in height, a transport-separating mechanism made in the form of an inclined screw in a cylindrical casing formed by spiral coils and native frame slats, connected to a perforated elastic sleeve mounted on vibrators, and a lattice rolling slide with an unloading sleeve.

The disadvantages of devices of this type should be attributed.

Passive digging organs and the presence of a screw inside the transporting-separating mechanism create increased resistance to the movement of the machine and contribute to damage to root crops especially during the intensification of the harvesting process.

The internal cavity of the separating mechanism is not used completely (only partially) to separate the heap entering it.

The material consumption and the mass of the auger with a drive make up a significant part of the mass of the separating mechanism.

Increased wear on the screw and many elastic fleecy materials reduces the reliability of the machine.

The presence of vibrators contributes to greater damage to the product.

With a short time of use during the year, high material consumption and low reliability, the cost of manufacture, operation and maintenance will be increased, and the use of the machine will be characterized by low profitability.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to increase technological and technical characteristics, i.e. reducing damage to root crops, improving soil separation conditions, reducing material consumption and mass, reducing the complexity of manufacturing, operation and maintenance, increasing the reliability and profitability of the machine.

The task is achieved in that the functions of digging working bodies, transport-separating mechanisms and partially unloading devices are combined and carried out by thin-walled perforated pipes fixed to the frame with the ability to describe their axes in the working process, trajectories lying on conical surfaces.

The advantages of the proposed device compared to the prototype are as follows:

It contains an active digging organ and a free (without auger) working area of the transport-separating mechanism, which significantly reduces the resistance to movement of the machine, increases productivity and promotes the dismemberment and grinding of soil impurities and the separation of root crops from soil and roots.

When separating the incoming heap, a full section of the working area of the transport-separating mechanism is used.

Material consumption and mass of the device are small and are determined mainly by the mass of thin-walled perforated pipes.

In the absence of shock and vibration loads, root crops are not damaged during the separation process, they roll in relative motion along the pipe walls along the trajectories of expanding spirals.

The harvester, mainly in the trailer version, due to its low material consumption, mass and number of parts, will be more reliable, inexpensive to manufacture, operate and maintain, and more cost-effective.

The proposed harvester allows for readjustment for harvesting root crops with different row spacing.

Description to drawings

Figure 1 shows a root harvester. Side view.

1 - frame, 2 - digging working body, 6 - thin-walled perforated pipe, 8 - unloading device, 9 - guiding awning, 10 - sorting slide, 11 - rubberized bar, 12 - trailed trolley, 13, 14 - sections of small and respectively large root crops, 25 - tractor.

Figure 2 - harvester. View from above.

1, 6, 9, 12, 25 - see. Figures 1, 15 - a cylindrical brush, 16 - a screw conveyor, 21 - a twin, 22 - a flywheel, 23, 24 - mounting holes, 26, 27 - cardan shafts, 28 - gearbox, 29 - chain drive.

Figure 3 - remote element A in figure 1.

1, 2, 6 - see. Figures 1, 15, 16 - see. Figs. 2, 3 - a figure roller, 4, 19 - details of fixture, 7 - an opening, 17 - the hinge, 18 - a crosspiece.

Figure 4 - remote element B in figure 1.

1, 21, 22 - see Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a section bb in figure 2.

6, 7 - see. Fig. 3, 21 - see. Fig. 2, 20 - fasteners.

The root harvester contains a frame 1, on which excavating working bodies 2 are mounted, each of which is equipped with a spring-loaded figure roller 3 with fastener parts 4, transport-separating mechanisms consisting of thin-walled perforated pipes 6 with holes 7, rigidly connected to the corresponding digging bodies 2, and an unloading device 8, including a guide awning 9, a sorting slide 10 with rubberized rods 11 and a towing cart 12, divided into sections of small 13 and respectively large 14 root tubers.

A cylindrical brush 15 and a screw conveyor 16 are mounted in front of the combine to remove the tops and weeds from the area of its operation.

Each front suspension of thin-walled perforated pipes 6 is connected to the frame 1 by means of a hinge 17 with a crosspiece 18 and fasteners 19, and the rear suspension is fastened by means of fasteners 20 with a twin 21, which is pivotally connected to the flywheels 22.

The number of mounting holes 23 on the frame 1 and 24 on the coupler 21 for hanging the perforated pipes 6 has been increased in order to match the pitch of the above pipes by rearranging the fasteners 19, 20 with the row spacing of the harvested crop.

The harvester is a trailed unit to the tractor 25. The drive of the harvester mechanisms is carried out from the power take-off shaft of the tractor 25 through the driveshafts 26, 27, gearbox 28 and chain drive 29.

The harvester can be in one of two states: transport or working.

In the transport state, the front of the frame 1 is raised, the digging tools 2 are located above the soil level, the drive mechanisms are disabled. The machine in this position can move at high speed and have small turning radii.

In the working position, the front part of the frame 1 is lowered, the dimensions between the axes of the perforated pipes 6 with the help of fasteners 19, 20 and holes 23, 24 are coordinated with the row spacing of the harvested crop, the values of figure roller pressures 3 on the soil and preloads are adjusted using fasteners 4 a cylindrical brush 15 to the figure rollers 3 and to the ground.

Tuber harvester works as follows.

The machine operator from the tractor cab 25 lowers the frame 1 and controls the combine. When turning on the rotation of the power take-off shaft, the cardan shafts 26, 27, the brush 15 and the screw conveyor 16 begin to rotate. At the same time, with the help of the flywheels 22 and the twin 21, the generators of thin-walled perforated pipes 6 begin to describe the trajectories lying on the conical surfaces, and the digging tools 2 oscillate with a small circular amplitude.

When the tractor 25 moves, the digging tools are introduced into the ridges of the beds and move underground at a given depth. Spring-loaded figure rollers 3 firmly press the tops and weeds to the ground. Active working bodies 2 divide and grind the soil impurities and contribute to the separation of root crops from the soil and roots and direct the heap into the internal cavities of the perforated pipes 6. The rotating brush 15 combes the tops and weeds, throws them onto the screw conveyor 16, which removes them outside the working area of the combine .

With the interaction of longitudinal and centrifugal forces, the soil of each heap rolls along the walls of the perforated pipes 6 and falls out through the perforations 7, and the root tubers rise by untwisting spirals and are sent to the sorting slide 10 and to the trailed cart 12 using the awning 9.

When harvesting beet roots (when the tops are already removed), spring-loaded figure rollers 3, a cylindrical brush 15, a screw conveyor 16 and a sorting slide 10 can be dismantled.

Claims (3)

1. Root-and-field harvester containing digging tools, transport and separation mechanisms and an unloading device, characterized in that its transport and separation mechanisms are made in the form of thin-walled perforated pipes mounted on the frame with the ability to describe their axes in the working process, the paths lying on conical surfaces. 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive of its mechanisms includes cardan shafts, a gearbox, flywheels and a twin, and the suspension of thin-walled perforated pipes to the frame and twin is made using articulated joints with the possibility of matching their pitch with the row spacing of the harvested crop . 3. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains spring-loaded figure skating rinks, a brush and a conveyor for removing tops and weeds from the zone of the harvester.