RU2173750C1 - Frame building and method for its erecting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: method is used for erecting monolithic low- and multi-storey residential and industrial buildings without girths. At least some columns are differently spaced apart as viewed from top; some columns are offset through maximum 1.5 L relative to higher or lower columns, where L is main space between columns; each slab of ceiling and covering is made in the form of composite slab; caving members are installed inside mentioned slab. Caving members are installed between panels in parallel to one of building axes and are provided with supporting ledges made in the form of slot or ridge in lower part; in upper part they may be contracting upwards or rounded off over radius. After column erection form of ceilings and coverings is mounted; some of ceilings and coverings are provided with bracket; caving members are installed on form so that they are spaced apart to form ducts for receiving reinforcing frames; caving members are installed between columns and on brackets parallel to one of building axes, or at certain angle to it, or along radius; reinforcing nets are placed on caving members; after that slabs of ceiling and covering are concreted. Method provides for reducing reinforcement consumption, cost of construction, and range of ceiling members, for improving heat and sound insulating characteristics of ceiling and covering. EFFECT: reduced labor consumption and erection time; provision for optimal room planning conditions and wide choice of building variance with same elemental base.. 6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of monolithic bezrigelnyh single and multi-story residential and industrial buildings, objects of social purpose.

 Known building and method of construction of a building according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2065907, class. E 04 B 1/18, 5/43, 1996, containing a foundation, at least four columns with knee plates installed on them and intercolumn floor slabs between them, wall structures of the fence, coating. And according to the method, the foundation is built, four columns are installed, knee-high floor slabs are placed on them and two intercolumn floor slabs are installed between them, the width of which is equal to the width of the knee-high slabs, at least one spacer element is installed between the knee-high or inter-column slabs and the roof device is installed, and before the roof device, the rafters are mounted.

 The disadvantages of this invention are the high complexity of manufacturing, consumption of reinforcement, limiting the pitch of the columns.

 Known frame building according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2112117, class. E 04 B 5/43, 1998, adopted by the applicant for the prototype and containing ordinary and external columns and ceilings, made in the form of rectangular knee-high, intercolumn and central plates articulated with each other with the same pitch, equipped with supporting tables and shelves around the perimeter. According to the method laid down in this solution, the ceilings are made in the form of rectangular supercolumn, intercolumn and central plates articulated with each other with the same pitch, which are equipped with supporting tables and shelves around the perimeter. Part of the columns or all columns are arranged relative to their respective column columns with a displacement along the vertical axis. At least part of the floor slabs or all of the slabs are made monolithic and installed on prefabricated or monolithic columns. The building is multi-storey, and the overlap of each floor is carried out independently of the floors of other floors, either monolithic or prefabricated from slabs laid in the same plane with monolithic or non-monolithic joints, or from slabs laid flush on the upper plane. The base tables of the plates are asymmetric with respect to the horizontal axes drawn through the centers of the plates normally to their ribs, the knee plate being the same as the intercolumn plate and provided with an opening for the column to pass through, and the intercolumn plates are mounted on the knee plates with their tables and monolithic on the upper planes flush in one level.

 The disadvantages of this solution are the high labor costs in the manufacture of metal molds for floor slabs, the manufacture of floor slabs and coatings, the increased consumption of reinforcing bars, the limitation of the column spacing, the restriction of the overall dimensions of floor slabs associated with the use of load-lifting mechanisms and transportation conditions, insufficient heat and sound insulation properties of floor slabs and coatings. The dependence of the column pitch on the overall dimensions of the floor slabs makes it impossible to obtain optimal planning solutions, which further leads to an increase in the cost of the product and the cost of construction of the facility as a whole.

 An object of the invention is the use of effective building materials, which can significantly reduce the labor costs and construction time of an object, reduce the material consumption of both the structures themselves and their constituent elements, while ensuring optimal conditions for the planning of internal premises and a wide selection of building options with the same elemental base, reduce the consumption of valves and the cost of construction of the facility, reduce the range of floor elements, improve heat and sound insulation with oystva overlap and cover.

 The stated technical problem is solved by the fact that in the proposed solution of the frame building at least part of the columns is placed in plan with different steps, and each floor and cover slab is made in the form of a prefabricated-monolithic slab, inside which there are hollow core elements, at least part of the floor slabs and coatings on each floor, in each span, are made in different horizontal and inclined planes, and some of the floor and cover plates are made with the console.

 In addition, at least part of the columns is placed with an offset of not more than 1.5 L relative to the higher or lower columns, where L is the main step of the columns.

 In addition, the console is made, for example, either parallel to one of the axes of the building, or at an angle to it, or along the radius.

 In addition, the void-forming elements in the lower part are made with support flanges, for example, in the form of a groove or ridge, and in the upper part, the void-forming elements are made, for example, either with a narrowing upwards or with a radius rounding.

 In addition, the void forming elements are made, for example, either with blind or with through voids, and engineering networks are located in the part of the through voids.

 In addition, the void forming elements are made, for example, of ceramic, or expanded clay, or foam concrete, or expanded polystyrene.

 In the method of constructing a frame building, the technical problem is solved by the fact that after the construction of the columns, formwork of the ceilings and coatings, some of which are performed with the console, is installed, void forming elements are installed on the formwork with a step by which channels are formed into which the reinforcing cages are laid, and void forming elements are installed between columns and consoles parallel to one of the axes of the building, or at an angle to it, or along the radius, and reinforcing meshes are laid on the void-forming elements, after etoniruyut slabs and coverings.

 In addition, concrete-mortar mixture is laid on the formwork of floors and coatings, and then void-forming elements are installed on it.

 In addition, void forming elements can be installed, for example, on prefabricated or monolithic beams.

In FIG. 1 shows a plan of the arrangement of columns and stiffeners;
in FIG. 2 - vertical section of the frame;
in FIG. 3 - layout layout void forming elements;
in FIG. 4 - construction of a monolithic overlap or coating;
in FIG. 5 - design of a prefabricated beam of overlapping or coating;
in FIG. 6 - void forming element with supporting shelves in the form of a groove and a ridge;
in FIG. 7 - a void forming element with a narrowing in the upper part or with a radius rounding;
in FIG. 8 - placement of the void forming element on the concrete-mortar mixture.

 The frame building contains the foundation 1, columns located in the longitudinal and transverse axes 2 - 17 of the frame building, with the main step of the columns L, for example, 2-4, 4-7, 7-9, 10-12, 12-15, 15- 17. In the plan, part of the columns is placed with a different step, which is calculated for a specific planning project. For example, columns 3-11, 3-13, 3-16, 5-13, 5-14, 5-16, 6-11, 8-11, 8-16 are so placed. In order to maintain sufficient rigidity of the frame building being mounted, stiffeners 18 are installed between the columns. Each floor slab 19 and cover 20 are made in the form of a prefabricated-monolithic slab, inside of which there are hollow core elements 21. At least part of the floor slab 19 and cover 20 on each floor, each span is made in different horizontal and inclined planes, and some of the floor slabs 19 and cover 20 are made with the console 22. The proposed technical solution allows at least part of the columns place at different heights, i.e. the beginning of the column, place its base with a height offset of not more than 1.5 L relative to the higher or lower columns, where L is the main step of the columns. Such columns may include, for example, columns 3-11, 5-13, 3-16. Such columns can also end at any height. The console 22 of both the overlap 19 and the coating 20 can be performed either parallel to one of the axes of the building, or at an angle to it, or along the radius. The hollow core elements 21 included in the floor slabs 19 and the cover 20 are a block that can be made both full-volume and with voids 23. In the lower part of each element 21, support flanges 24 are made either in the form of a groove 25 or in the form of a ridge 26. And in the upper part, the void-forming elements 21 are made either with a narrowing 27 upward, or with a rounded radius 28. Moreover, the voids 23 in the void-forming elements 21 can be made both deaf and end-to-end, in which engineering networks 29 are then placed, for example, water supply, floor heating, electric wiring and telephone communications, etc. The void-forming elements 21 can be made of expanded clay concrete, from foam concrete, ceramic and expanded polystyrene.

 Installation of the frame building is as follows.

 Columns 2-17 prefabricated or monolithic, of any section: rectangular, polygonal, round, are installed on a pre-assembled and verified foundation 1. After the construction of columns 2-17, formwork 30 of the floors 19 and coatings 20 is installed, some of which are made with the console 22. On the formwork 30 of the floors 19 and coatings 20, the void forming elements 21 are installed, or the void forming elements 21 are laid on the concrete-mortar mixture 31. Moreover, they are installed them with a certain, calculated step, as a result of which channels 32 are formed into which the reinforcing cages 33 are laid. Hollow core elements 21 are installed between columns 2-17 and on consoles 22 either parallel to one of the axes of the building, or at an angle scrap to it, or along the radius. Then reinforcing meshes 34 are placed on the void-forming elements 21, after the floor slabs 19 and coatings 20 are concreted. The floors 19 and coatings thus made are treated with a vacuum trowel, after which the concrete is better compacted, and the surface is ready for laying the finished floors. In addition, the void forming elements 21 can be installed, for example, on prefabricated 35 or monolithic 36 beams.

 The system of overlapping and coating, obtained through the use of the proposed technical solution, after gaining the required strength with concrete, is a bezelless slab working in two directions, which allows you to block significant areas of the building. The slab has a minimum dead weight, high bearing capacity and good heat and sound insulation properties. The cost of construction was reduced by reducing the consumption of fittings and reducing labor costs in the construction of the building frame.

 In this case, the frame of the building may have additional columns located in plan along the length or width of the frame with different pitch. In addition, the frame may have floor slabs at different levels in plan or have an inclined surface.

Claims (6)

 1. A frame building containing columns, stiffeners, ceilings and cover elements placed between them, part of which is made with a console, characterized in that at least part of the columns is placed in plan with different steps, and some columns are not offset in height more than 1.5 L relative to the higher or lower columns, where the L-main step of the columns, each floor and cover plate is made in the form of a precast-monolithic plate, inside which there are hollow-forming elements between the columns and parallel to one of the axes of the building I and in the lower part are made with supporting shelves, for example, in the form of a groove or ridge, and in the upper part, the void-forming elements are made, for example, either with a narrowing upward, or with a rounding in radius.  2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the void forming elements are made, for example, either with blind or with through voids, and engineering networks are located in the part of through voids.  3. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the void forming elements are made, for example, of ceramics, or expanded clay concrete, or foam concrete, or expanded polystyrene.  4. The method of construction of the frame building, on which the foundation is built, columns are installed, floor slabs and coatings are concreted, characterized in that after the columns are erected, the formwork of the floors and coatings, some of which are performed with the console, is installed, the void forming elements are installed on the formwork with a step by which form channels in which the reinforcing cages are laid, and the void-forming elements are installed between the columns and on the consoles parallel to one of the axes of the building, or at an angle to it, or radially, and pustotoobrazuyuschie elements laid reinforcing mesh, after which the slabs concreted and coatings.  5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the concrete-mortar mixture is laid on the formwork of the floors and coatings, and then void-forming elements are installed on it.  6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the void forming elements are installed, for example, on prefabricated or monolithic beams.

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