RU2171198C1 - Method of loading floating cargoes on and unloading them from trimaran by receiving them into and discharging from hold - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding. SUBSTANCE: trimaran approaches cargo and hold gate is open, thus receiving cargo, after which gate is closed and water is pumped out. EFFECT: possibility of loading large- sized cargoes directly from water in hold of center hull of trimaran and unloading it when required. 6 dwg

Description

 As you know, the loading and unloading of most vessels of various kinds by cargo in ports is carried out using onshore crane, pumping, etc. equipment. Today's level of development of loading and unloading equipment allows you to lift and carry loads of several tens of tons into a ship. The ships themselves, with the exception of special ones, do not have equipment for loading and unloading due to uselessness, because loaded and unloaded at ports.

 There are such vessels as ferries, landing craft, which are loaded from the coast by ramps through the bow or stern, or rather the transported goods themselves move into the hold and back.

 Today, the world fleet does not have ships whose design is designed for one-time receptions of bulky and multi-ton cargo. Because moving such cargoes onto a ship requires loading equipment, which will not be carried out in the foreseeable future, and the need for transportation of such cargoes has matured, for example, transportation of many-thousand-ton ice bars, a method of loading and unloading is proposed, which consists in moving cargo from water directly to the hold using a special vessel design.

 The aim of the study is to develop a method of loading and unloading a ship with a bulky, multi-ton, whole cargo by moving it directly from the water to the hold through a special design of the bottom of the middle hull and the bow or stern of the middle hull.

 The need to develop transport vessels for the transport of many-thousand-ton ice beams and methods of loading and unloading arose due to the problem of lack of drinking water in countries with hot climates and the study of the possibilities of delivering ice to these countries from Antarctica, Greenland, etc. The physical properties of frozen water - ice, its buoyancy in water and the uniqueness of this phenomenon in nature made it possible to approach the problem of loading, unloading, transporting it from the original, still not considered, side.

 Ice delivery technology includes the stages of extraction from icebergs or glaciers, loading onto ships, transportation and unloading at destination. In this work, we consider the stage of loading and unloading. For the possibility of its implementation, special designs of trimaran vessels loaded from the bow or stern were developed.

Glaciers and icebergs of Antarctica were considered as a source of water. Obviously, there are three options for delivering water:
1. In the form of a liquid - this requires high energy consumption for melting ice and unacceptable loading times.

 2. In the form of small pieces of ice - here the energy consumption is slightly less, but the capital costs for various kinds of equipment increase significantly, the loading density of the hold also decreases and the loading time increases.

 3. In the form of large chopped ice beams weighing tens of tons, but at the same time loading the ship is delayed for weeks, the volume of work for tugboats and crane equipment increases hundreds and thousands of times, etc.

 All of the above options unacceptably high increase the cost of water delivered, therefore, a method of delivery in the form of a large bar of ice, which in cross section is equal to the cross section of the hold and the length of the hold. The option is characterized by a minimum of costs for the preparation of the ice beam, its delivery to the vessel and its placement in the hold of the vessel. Ice is mined on an iceberg, ice shelf or other ice source that provides the required dimensions of ice beams. An ice beam is obtained by the method of melting along a contour from an ice mass using ice cutters invented to solve this problem. Since the ice beam is to be placed in the hold of the middle hull of the vessel for transportation, its shape and dimensions must correspond to the dimensions and the typical U-shaped shape of the hold. Cut logs descend into the sea and then with the help of tugboats are pulled up to the ice trimaran, which is located at some distance.

 This goal is achieved by the use of a trimaran, the middle body of which has a hold gate, open the hold gate, float on the cargo, ensuring its placement in the hold, then close the hold gate, pump outboard water.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a transport vessel — a trimaran-ice-carrier-TN.

 In FIG. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the middle hull of a trimaran-ice-carrier-TN with opening hold gates.

 In FIG. 3-5 shows a loading diagram of a trimaran-ice carrier.

 In FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the transport of an ice bar by an ice-trimaran-ice carrier.

 Structurally, the vessel is a trimaran, since such a design provides the greatest stability, buoyancy and margin of safety during loading and unloading and transportation. The placement of marine engines in addition to the middle hull in the side hulls, which from auxiliary ones, as in the ordinary trimaran, turned into equally main ones, gave the trimaran high maneuverability necessary for loading and unloading operations with bulky cargo in water.

 Consider a trimaran ice carrier with a hold gate located in the bow of the middle hull. Vessel 1 consists of three hulls (Fig. 1): middle (cargo) hull 2 and side hulls 3. All hulls are equipped with ship power plants (with propellers 4). The middle hull 2 of the vessel is cargo. The hulls are fastened to each other by inter-hull fasteners 5. On deck 6 there is a superstructure 7 and on the side hulls superstructures 8. The bow of the middle hull (Fig. 2) consists of bow bow gates 9 (gate closed) and 10 (gate open) and one-piece upper part 12. The height of the surface of the section of the gate provides for loading and unloading passage of the surface of the ice beam or other cargo (watercraft).

 Consider the operation of loading the ship (Fig. 3-5). The hold gates open 9. Outboard water fills the hold of the middle trimaran hull. The middle hull is thrown down to the calculated values that ensure the ingress of an ice beam or cargo directly from the water into the hold through the open hold gates. The vessel, maneuvering with engines, floats on an ice block 13 or other cargo (for example, a barcon), placing it inside the hold. In the aft part of the middle hull there are opening holes 14 (Fig. 6) for water discharge when the trimaran flows onto the ice bar (or barcon), which allows to stabilize the loading process. Next hold the gates. Outboard water remaining in the hold is pumped overboard, and an ice block (or barcon) is placed in the hold. The process of freezing the ice bar (or barcon) to the bottom and walls of the hold of the middle hull begins, after which the ship is ready for transportation and proceeds to the port of destination.

 Unloading is as follows. After defrosting the bottom and walls of the hold of the middle hull, the nasal hold gates open, the middle hull heats up, the ice block (or barcon) floats up, and the trimaran, starting movement, as if “floats away” from the ice bar (or barcon). At the same time, outboard water enters through the openings 14 into the hold of the middle hull, stabilizing the unloading process.

 A similar loading-unloading operation can be carried out by an ice-trimaran with an arrangement of hold gates in the stern of the middle hull. In the ice-trimaran, the middle hull of which has bow and stern hold gates, loading and unloading is carried out as follows: open the bow and stern hold gates, float on the cargo, ensuring its placement in the hold, then close the bow and stern hold gates and pump outboard water .

Claims (1)

 The method of loading and unloading floating cargo onto the trimaran by moving them directly from the water to the hold and back, characterized in that they use a trimaran, the middle body of which has a hold gate, open the hold gate, float on the load, ensuring its placement in the hold, then close the hold gate and pump outboard water.

Images