RU2169460C1 - Milking apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: milking apparatus has teat cups, milk claw, pulsator, actuating mechanism for releasing milking apparatus from animal's udder. Actuating mechanism is connected to pneumatic sensor and is made in the form of one-way pneumatic cylinder with rodless piston connected to valve for interrupting vacuumization of milk claw. Flexible thread is thrown over pulleys. Float valve of milk collecting chamber of pneumatic sensor is axially mounted on hollow rod so as to close its cavity in upper end part, when milk collecting chamber is free of milk. Lower part of rod is communicated with rear cavity of larger diameter piston. Plunger and valve chambers positioned above milk collecting chamber are connected one with the other via opening. Plunger has pistons of different diameters. Such construction allows teat cups to be prevented from being kept too long on teats. EFFECT: increased efficiency by mechanized milking process, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to means of mechanization of milking cows.

 Known milking machine containing teat cups, pulsator, hoses and a manifold, in the milk chamber of which is placed a hollow rod with a float valve on it / 1 /.

 This device does not exclude “dry” milking and requires manual removal from the nipples of the udder of the cow after milk extraction.

 Known milking machine containing milking cups, a pulsator, a control unit and an actuator for removing the milking machine, connected by a flexible thread to the collector / 2 /.

 The use of springs as an actuator for removing the milking machine complicates the design. Moreover, in order to bring the actuator into working position, the milker must stretch the springs and fix them in the stretched position before putting the glasses on the cow's nipples. This requires a certain strength and skills. In order for the springs to compress more slowly / return to their original position /, there is a special damping device, one of the elements of which is a liquid. All this complicates the design of the milking machine. In addition, a special control unit is required using both pneumatic automation and electronics.

 Known milking machine with a manipulator containing milking cups, a collector, a pulsator, a pneumatic sensor, an actuator for removing the milking machine / 3 /.

 The actuator for removing the milking machine is made of a system of levers, pneumatic cylinders, which makes it material-intensive and cumbersome. In addition, numerous hinges are made to copy the hanging part of the apparatus of the udder and ensure uniform mass distribution over the nipples of the udder, which complicates the design and reduces reliability. To control the operation of the actuator, a pneumatic sensor was used, which requires the manual lifting of the float and the installation of a special bracket under its head for fixing. The operator must make sure, before moving on to another cow, that the bracket, after the start of milk transfer, has come out from under the head of the rod of the float, because the manipulator becomes inoperative. In addition, a milking machine with a manipulator requires special machines, which does not allow its use in widespread linear milking machines.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to create a highly efficient milking machine that provides safe milk production while reducing labor costs and expanding the applicability.

 The technical result from the use of the invention is to increase operational reliability while simplifying the design and improving the fitness of the apparatus for the udder of animals.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the milking machine containing milking cups, a collector, a pulsator, an actuator for removing the milking machine from the udder and a pneumatic sensor, the latter is equipped with a housing with a parallel plunger and valve chambers communicating with each other by a hole, a cylindrical plunger chamber with placed inside the plunger with pistons of various diameters at the ends, the piston chamber cavities are equipped with calibration holes for communication with the atmosphere, and the piston floor st - with a vacuum source, the valve chamber is equipped with a ball and a rod for moving the ball installed in the chamber outlet, opposite the hole blocked by a piston of a smaller diameter, there is a pipe for communication with the actuator for removing the milking machine, made in the form of a single-acting pneumatic cylinder with a rodless piston, connected by a flexible thread, thrown through the blocks, with a valve for disconnecting the vacuum from the collector, the float valve of the milk collection chamber is coaxially mounted on the hollow stem with the possibility of Covering its cavity in the upper end part in the absence of milk in the milk collection chamber, and the lower part of the rod is connected with the piston cavity of a larger diameter piston.

 The drawing schematically shows the proposed milking machine. The device is indicated for use on a milking machine with an ADM - 8A milk line.

 The milking machine consists of milking cups 1, collector 2, valve 3 for disconnecting the vacuum from the collector, pulsator 4, air sensor 5, actuator 6 for removing the milking machine, consisting of a hollow cylinder 7 with a union 8 and a piston 9. On the outer surface of the cylinder hinged block 10 and there is a hole 11. The cylinder 7 is mounted on the adapter 12 for connection to the milking vacuum valve of the milking unit. The piston 9 through a flexible thread 13 and blocks 10 and 14 is connected to the valve 3 of the manifold. The collector 2 with hoses 15 and 16 is connected respectively with a pulsator and a pneumatic sensor.

 The pneumatic sensor consists of a milk collection chamber 17, inside which a float valve 19 is located on the hollow stem 18. The milk collection chamber has a pipe 20 for receiving milk from the collector and a pipe 21 with an opening 22 and a calibration hole 23. A plunger chamber 24 and a valve chamber 25 are located above the milk collection chamber interconnected by a hole 26. In the plunger chamber is a plunger 27 with pistons 28 and 29 of various diameters.

 The piston chamber cavities are provided with calibration holes 30 and 31 for communication with the atmosphere, and the piston cavity has a pipe 32 for communication with a vacuum source. In addition, the piston piston cavity of a large diameter through the channel 33 is connected to the stem cavity 18. The valve chamber is provided with a ball 34 and a ball 35 for moving the ball installed in the outlet 36, in which there is an opening 37 for communication with the atmosphere of the valve chamber. In the upper part, the chamber is equipped with a pipe 38 for communication with the internal cavity of the cylinder 7 through the hose 39 and the nozzle 8. To drain the milk from the pipe 21, a hose 40 is used, which is connected to the fitting of the adapter 12, which goes to the milk line.

 The milking machine operates as follows. As you know, milk-vacuum taps of linear milking machines are located between two adjacent animals.

 Using the adapter 12 and the actuator 6, the milking machine is connected to the milk-vacuum crane of the milking unit. To ensure that the crane is less loaded, it is advisable to provide an adapter stop in the vacuum pipe. After installation, the actuator cylinder will be placed along the torso of animals at a height of 1.6 ... 1.8 m / depending on the height of installation of milk and vacuum pipes in the barn /.

 In this case, along the length of the cylinder 7 will reach the plane of the beginning of the udder of the cows for ease of removal of the apparatus. Simultaneously with the installation of the actuator 6, a pulsator 4 and a pipe of the milk chamber of the manifold 2, blocked by valve 3, are connected to the vacuum.

 The vacuum from the milk collection chamber 17 through the nozzle 32 penetrates into the piston cavity of the chamber 24. Due to the pressure difference, the plunger rises up / the atmospheric pressure from below to the piston 29 is greater than the force from atmospheric pressure to the piston 28 from above / and through the opening 26, the vacuum penetrates into the valve chamber 25 and further through the pipe 38, the hose 39 and the fitting 8 into the cavity 7 / the piston 9 is in the right extreme position /. The milkmaid presses the rod 35, thereby moving the ball into the cavity of the chamber 25. The ball is made slightly smaller in diameter than the diameter of the cavity of the chamber 25. From the air stream from the hole 37 it rises and is sucked up to the hole 26, thereby cutting off the vacuum from the chamber 25. The ball 34 is held due to the pressure difference in the chambers 24 and 25. Through the gap between the ball 34 and the cavity of the chamber 25, air enters the cavity of the cylinder 7 of the actuator 6.

 The milkmaid prepares the udder of the cow and for the thread 13 moves the piston 9 to the extreme left position and presses on the valve stem 3, lifting it, thereby connecting the vacuum to the suction cups of the milking cups, and puts the cups 1 on the teats of the udder. The milking process begins.

 Milk from the nipples of the udder through the collector 2, the hose 15 enters the milk collection chamber 17 of the air sensor 5 and through the calibration hole 23, the hose 40 enters the milk line. With an increase in the intensity of milk production, the hole 23 does not cope with the increasing flow of milk and the milk level in the milk collection chamber 17 begins to rise, the float 19 pops up. The milk flows out of the chamber both through the opening 23 and - 22. When the float emerges, the upper end face of the hollow rod opens 18 and the vacuum from the chamber 17 through the channel 33 enters the piston cavity of the piston 29. Since the diameter of the hole 30 is small compared to the diameter of the channel 33, a small suction of air from the atmosphere will slightly affect the magnitude of the vacuum a. From the pressure difference, the plunger 27 drops down / atmospheric pressure acts on the piston 28 from above. The lateral surface of the piston 28 overlaps the opening 26. The ball 34 under the influence of gravity will fall down and slide into the outlet 36. In this position, the plunger will be in the main milking time.

 With the attenuation of the milk transfer reflex, the flow of milk into the pneumatic sensor 5 will stop, which will lead to a decrease in the level of milk in the chamber 17. The float 19 will lower and block the upper end of the hollow rod 18, as a result of which the vacuum is disconnected from the piston cavity of the piston 29 and atmospheric pressure is gradually created in it from for air flow through the calibration hole 30. The plunger 27 will rise up / the atmospheric pressure force on the piston 28 from above is less than the force from the atmospheric pressure on the piston 29 from below /, and the hole 26 will open. Vacu m from the piston cavity of the chamber 24 penetrates into the chamber 25 and further into the cavity of the cylinder 7 of the actuator 6. Due to the pressure difference on the piston 9, it will move to the right together with the flexible thread 13, which will lead to its tension. While the hole 11 is connected with the atmosphere, when the piston is to the left of it, the piston's travel speed is low. As soon as the piston blocks the hole, the speed of movement and the tension force of the thread 13 will increase. Valve 3 will move and block the flow of vacuum to the suction cups of the milking cups 1. From moving the piston with a flexible thread, the milking machine will be removed from the nipples of the udder, removed from under the cow to the side and hang on the actuator 6.

 The use of the actuator for removing the milking machine in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a freely moving piston connected by a flexible thread to the collector provides the best adaptation of the hanging part of the device to various sizes and shapes of the udder and free copying of the location of the cow's udder during its movements during milking, unlike the lever system with prototype hinges. This design of the apparatus allows timely and reliable mechanization of the removal of milking machines without overexposure on the nipples, excluding the "dry" milking of cows.

Sources of information:
1. Patent N 2122318, cl. A 01 J 5/04, publ. in B.I., N 33, 1998

 2. Bolotin V.M. Milking manipulator with spring actuator. Engineering in Agriculture, N 2, 1990, pp. 41-42.

 3. Belyanchikov N. N., Smirnov A.I. Mechanization of animal husbandry and fodder preparation, 3rd ed: revision, and add. -M: Agropromizdat, 1990, p. 250 is a prototype.

Claims (1)

 A milking machine comprising milking cups, a collector, a pulsator, an actuator for removing the milking machine from the udder and a pneumatic sensor, characterized in that the pneumatic sensor is provided with a housing with parallel plunger and valve chambers communicating with each other by a hole, a cylindrical plunger chamber with a plunger inside with pistons of various diameters at the ends, the piston chamber cavities are equipped with calibration holes for communication with the atmosphere, and the piston chamber with a source in couma, the valve chamber is equipped with a rod for moving the ball installed in the chamber outlet, opposite the hole blocked by a piston of a smaller diameter, there is a pipe for communication with the actuator for removing the milking machine, made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a piston connected by a flexible thread through blocks with a vacuum shutoff valve from the collector, the float valve of the milk collection chamber is coaxially mounted on the hollow stem with the possibility of overlapping its cavity in the upper end part in the absence of milk in the milk collection the chamber, and the lower part of the rod is in communication with the piston cavity of a larger diameter piston.