RU2169455C1 - Grass seed heap separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: grass seed heap separator has feeding device with two closed cooperating belts and guiding drum system, pressing and supporting rollers, pneumatic inertial chamber with inlet and outlet windows, air duct with regulating gate, exhaust fan, upper and lower grids, and augers. Feeding device upper belt has grooved working surface, and lower belt has cellular working surface. Pressing rollers provide application of pressure by upper belt to lower belt. Divider is positioned at outlet end of feeding device, in space between belts. Lower surface of divider is arranged tangentially to cellular working surface of lower belt. Arrangement of divider at outlet end of feeding device improves separation of seed heap into seed and non-seed fractions. Underthreshed parts of plants are additionally threshed in feeding device. Separator is used for postharvest treatment of farm crops with increased content of noncereal components. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified construction. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for post-harvest processing of crops with a high content of non-cereal components, and in particular to heap separators.

 Known heap separator (RF Patent N 2061353, MKI A 01 F 12/44, 06/10/96, Bull. N 16), comprising a housing with sidewalls with a throwing device placed inside it, an air-inertia chamber, an air flow guide, an air duct, an intake fan, a lock lock, wind-screen cleaning with a transport board oscillating in the horizontal plane, upper and lower sieves, an under-mesh fan, spike and grain augers, and a pounding device.

 The main disadvantages of this separator are: the batch quantity of the heap in the pneumatic inertia chamber; installation of a home-grinding device for cleaning, which requires additional energy costs, installation of an additional air column; the efficiency of using this separator for treating a heap of grass seeds is doubtful, since the aerodynamic properties of the components of a heap of small seeded crops coincide.

 The closest in technical essence is a heap separator (Aut. St. USSR N 1338805, MKI A 01 F 12/44, 09/23/87, Bull. N 35), containing a feed device consisting of two closed tape circuits, a feed hopper, an air channel, blower fan, sedimentary chamber, wind screening with oscillating transport board, upper and lower sieves, under-sieve fan, screw conveyors for collecting clean grain and under-thinned ears. In the above device, the initial heap is fed from the hopper into the feed device, where it is accelerated and thrown in a thin uniform layer into the air channel. In the air channel, grain and part of the straw particles of the heap, having a large mass and possessing a large force of inertia, fly by the aerodynamic field and settle on the transport board. In the composition of this part of the heap there are also unfinished elements of plants. And, on the contrary, particles having a small mass (sex, split straw, etc.) have a small inertia force, are easily captured by the air flow created by the fan, and settle in the sedimentation chamber. The fractions deposited on the transport board go to wind-screening, where the grain is extracted, impurities go from the upper sieve to the sedimentation chamber, and the under-thinned spikelets fall into the spike auger, and then onto the transport board for re-cleaning.

 The main disadvantages of this device are: pulsation of the air flow formed by the blower fan, the absence of hammering of under-thinned parts of plants and their supply for re-cleaning, low efficiency when processing a heap of grass seeds, since the aerodynamic properties of the components of a heap of small seeded crops coincide.

 The proposed device allows to solve the technical problem that occurs in the above devices, namely, to increase the efficiency of separation of non-blown or combed heap of grass seeds into seed and seedless fractions by grinding under-thinned parts of plants when fed into the pneumatic inertia chamber, reducing the interaction of large straw fractions with the seed fraction in pneumatic inertia chamber due to their directional input.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the separator of a heap of grass seeds containing a feeding device, a pneumatic inertia chamber, an air channel with an adjustment flap, a fan, an upper and lower sieve, screws, according to the invention, the lower belt of the feeding device has a mesh surface, and at the outlet of the feeding device In the gap between the tapes, a divider is installed with respect to the lower surface to the working surface of the mesh tape.

 The supply of the separator with a feeding device, consisting of two closed interacting tapes with a cellular and corrugated working surfaces, a system of guide drums, pressure and support rollers, in comparison with the prototype provides an increase in the efficiency of separation of non-blown or combed heap of grass seeds into seed and non-seeded fractions by wiping seeds from under-thinned parts of plants when fed into the pneumatic inertia chamber under the action of the difference in the speeds of the tapes, the pressure between the tapes is sufficient to break and adjustable press rollers, grooved surfaces and cellular bands.

 The use of a honeycomb tape in the feeding device provides an increase in the efficiency of separating non-blown or combed heap of grass seeds into seed and non-seed fractions by reducing the interaction of large straw fractions with the seed fraction in the inertia chamber by filling the cells of the tape with seeds and small fractions, introducing the heap into the inertia chamber with two streams : large fractions are fed into the pneumatic inertia chamber from the inter-ribbon space at a speed equal to half the speed of the tapes, and short and small particles are ejected from the cells at the speed of the bottom tape. As a result of the fact that the heap is previously divided into two flows displaced relative to each other, the probability of interaction of dissimilar particles in the pneumatic inertia chamber decreases.

 Providing the separator with a divider installed at the outlet of the feeding device in the gap between the tapes with respect to the lower surface to the working surface of the mesh tape provides an increase in the efficiency of separation of non-blown or combed heap of grass seeds into seed and non-seed fractions by reducing the interaction of large straw fractions with the seed fraction in the inertia chamber due to the guaranteed separation of large and small fractions at the outlet of the feed device and their orientation at different angles when entering into an aerodynamic field, as a result of which the likelihood of interaction of dissimilar particles in the inertia chamber decreases. Preliminary orientation of the components of the heap before entering the pneumatic inertia chamber reduces the chamber depth to 30 cm, which reduces the energy consumption of the fan.

 In addition, the combination of feeding and hammering operations in one working element of the separator - the feeding device eliminates the loss of seeds in the under-thinned parts of plants going downhill, as well as the need to install a grinding machine in the separator or production line, which reduces material and energy consumption.

 As a result of the combined use of all the proposals, the efficiency of separating non-blown or combed heaps of grass seeds into seed and seedless fractions is increased by grinding under-thinned parts of plants when feeding into the pneumatic inertia chamber, reducing the interaction of large straw fractions and reducing the interaction of large straw fractions with the seed fraction in the pneumatic inertia chamber wiping seeds from under-thinned parts of plants in the inter-tape space of the feeding device under the action m is the difference in the speeds of the tapes, the pressure between the tapes, the corrugated and cellular surfaces of the tapes, the introduction of the heap into the pneumatic inertia chamber by two separated streams having different speeds and oriented at different angles.

 The drawing shows a diagram of the proposed separator heap of seeds of herbs.

 The grass seed heap separator consists of a feeding device including an upper closed tape 1 with a grooved working surface, guide drums 2 and 3, pressure rollers 4, a lower closed tape 5 with a mesh working surface, guide drums 6 and 7, support rollers 8, divider 9 installed at the outlet of the supply device, the pneumatic inertia chamber 10 with the input 11 and output 12 windows, the air channel 13 with the adjustment flap 14, the suction fan 15, installed with the possibility of oscillation in the horizontal noy upper plane 16 and lower sieves 17, sloping board 18, the seed of the screw 19, the screw 20 for waste collection. At the input and output of the power supply device between the tapes 1 and 5, gaps are established. Between the tapes, the pressure necessary for breaking the under-thinned parts of the plants is provided, which is regulated by the pressure rollers 4. The divider 9 is installed at the outlet of the feed device in the gap between the tapes with respect to its lower surface to the working surface of the mesh tape 5. The pneumatic inertia chamber 10 in the upper part has a narrowing. The depth of the pneumatic inertia chamber is 30 cm. The frame and the separator drive are not shown.

 The separator of a heap of grass seeds works as follows.

 The initial non-stained or combed heap of grass seeds is fed to the lower ribbon 5. The speed of movement of the upper ribbon is 1.5 ... 2 times greater than the lower one. A heap is dragged between tapes 1 and 5, where due to the difference in the speeds of the tapes, the pressure between the tapes, sufficient to destroy the under-thinned parts of the plants, the corrugated surface of the upper tape 1, the cells of the lower tape are filled with 5 seeds, small fractions of the heap, the seeds are wiped from the unfinished parts of the plants. Particles entering the cells are fed into the inertia chamber 10 from under the divider through the window 11 at a speed equal to the speed of the lower belt 5 of the supply device, at a certain angle to the horizon towards the air flow. At the same time, particles having a small mass (floor, split straw, etc.) are easily captured by the air flow created by the fan 15, and removed from the separator. Heavier fractions (seeds, etc.) are deposited on the lower sieve 17, located under the inertia chamber 10. Particles that do not fall into the cells of the lower mite 5 are fed with a thin continuous layer into the inertia chamber 10 along the upper surface of the divider 9 through the window 11 in the horizontal direction at a speed approximately equal to half the speed of the feed device tapes. The divider 9 is installed for guaranteed separation of the flow of seed and straw fractions at the outlet of the feed device and their orientation at different angles when entering the aerodynamic field. After leaving the upper surface of the divider 9, particles having a small mass are removed from the separator by an air stream, and particles having a large mass, having the greatest inertia force (straw, etc.) fly through an aerodynamic field and through window 12 enter the upper sieve 16, where seeds that are accidentally caught together with a small straw fraction are separated, and large particles come together and are discharged by the screw 20. On the lower sieve 17, seeds are separated and on the ramp board 18 they go to the seed screw 19. Particles having sizes larger than the seed n, go off the sieve 17 and are removed by a screw 20 from the separator. When processing a pile of alfalfa seeds, the air flow velocity in the inertia chamber is 4.5 m / s.

Claims (1)

 A grass seed separator containing a feed device, an inertia chamber, an air duct with an adjustment flap, a fan, an upper and lower sieve, screws, characterized in that the lower feed device tape has a mesh surface, and is installed at the outlet of the feed device in the gap between the tapes the divider is tangent to the bottom surface to the working surface of the mesh tape.