RU2165701C2 - Fungicide composition and method of treatment of cultures for control or prophylaxis of fungal diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, fungicides. SUBSTANCE: invention describes fungicide composition containing an active component. Composition has a mixture of bromuconazole and other triazole taken among tebuconazole and epoxinazole in the weight ratio bromuconazole/triazole from 0.5 to 10 as an active component. Composition is designated for treatment of cultures damaged with fungi. Invention describes also method of treatment of cultures in order to control fungal diseases. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of fungicide composition. 7 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to a fungicidal composition based on bromukonazole and another triazole compound intended for the treatment of crops and in case of their defeat by fungi. It also relates to a crop treatment method for controlling fungal diseases.

 Bromukonazole is known to be effective in controlling rot of the root neck of crops. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudocercocporella herpotrichoides, causes significant damage caused mainly by winter grains. At the same time, the effectiveness of bromukonazole in the fight against some other cereal diseases and, in particular, with brown rust (a disease caused by the fungus Puccinia recondita) and septoria (a disease caused by the fungus Septoria tritici) is insufficient, especially when the active substance is used on called the "last sheet processing" stage. This term refers to the agrochemical treatment carried out at the moment when the crops reached the stage of development corresponding to the formation of the last leaf on the stem. Therefore, it becomes necessary first of all to increase the stability of bromukonazole. Under the stability refers to the time during which the agrochemical product after its use is able to maintain its effectiveness.

 In addition, it is known, in particular, from the "Pesticide Manual" (textbook on pesticides), 10th edition, Clive Tomlin (Clive Tomlin), published by the British Council for the protection of agricultural. cultures (British Crop Protection Council) and the Royal Society of Chemistry (Royal Society of Chemistry) the effectiveness of some triazoles, such as tebuconazole, in the fight against rust and Septoria cereal crops.

 At the same time, there is a need to increase this efficiency by, in particular, reducing the dose of tebuconazole needed to combat this disease, and expanding the options for the farmer to find a solution to his particular problem.

 The objective of the invention is to develop a new fungicidal composition that provides a solution to this problem.

 Another objective of the invention is the development of a new fungicidal composition based on bromukonazole, effective in combating brown rust and / or septoria of cereals, and / or with an ear disease (fusarium), mainly wheat.

 Another objective of the invention is the development of a new fungicidal composition containing bromukonazole, which would have increased stability.

 It was found that these tasks can be solved in whole or in part due to the fungicidal composition according to the present invention.

 The fungicidal composition according to the invention is characterized in that it contains bromukonazole (B) and another triazole (A) selected from tebuconazole and epoxiconazole.

 The aforementioned bromukonazole and triazole (A) are active substances that are familiar to the specialist and are described in the work of Cleve Tomlin's "The Pesticide Manual", 10th edition, published by the British Council for the Protection of Agricultural. cultures.

 The weight ratio B / A in the composition according to the invention is, as a rule, from 0.1 to 20, preferably from 0.5 to 10. The advantage of the composition according to the invention is in a wide range of activity and in small doses of active substances, the latter quality being especially important for the environment for obvious reasons. Therefore, the composition according to the invention allows for a high synergistic effect. Such a synergistic effect is determined, in particular, using the Tamm method “Isobols, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides” (Isobols, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides), Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 70 ( 1964), pp. 73-80.

 According to a preferred embodiment of the composition according to the invention, tebuconazole is used as triazole A. In this case, the preferred weight ratio B / A is 0.5-5, preferably 1-3.

 The fungicidal composition according to the invention usually contains from 0.05 to 95% of a mixture of bromukonazole with triazole A.

 It can also be a concentrated composition, i.e. about a commercial product containing both active substances. It can also be a diluted composition, ready for spraying the crop. In the latter case, water is diluted either with the most commercial concentrated composition containing both active substances (such a mixture is called "ready to use" or in English "ready mix"), or by mixing just before use (called in English "tank mix") commercial concentrated compositions, each of which contains an active substance.

 The composition according to the invention may additionally contain any conventional additives or adjuvants for phytosanitary compositions, in particular carriers, surfactants, adhesion agents and flow agents.

The term "carrier", as used in this description, refers to artificial or natural, mineral or organic material that is added to the active substances to simplify their application to plants. Such a carrier, as a rule, is inert, should be acceptable for crops, in particular, for the treated plant. The carrier may be a solid substance (clays, artificial or natural silicates, silicon dioxide, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, etc.) or a liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, oil fractions, paraffinic or aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, etc. .d.)
A surfactant may be a wetting, emulsifying or dispersing substance having an ionic or non-ionic nature. For example, salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of lignosulfonic acids, salts of phenolsulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or fatty acids or fatty amines, substituted phenols (mainly alkyl phenols or aryl phenols), salts of sulfosuccinic esters (derivatives of tauri in particular alkyl taurines), phosphoric esters of alcohols or polyoxyethylene phenols. The presence of at least one surfactant is desirable in order to facilitate the dispersion of the active substances in water and their application to plants.

 In addition, such a composition may contain any kind of other ingredients, for example, colloidal protective agents, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetration promoting agents, stabilizers, substances that form intra-complex compounds, pigments, dyes, polymers.

 In a broader sense, the composition according to the invention may include any solid or liquid additives commonly used for the preparation of phytosanitary compositions.

 The composition according to the invention can be in solid, gel, liquid form, and in the latter case, in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions or emulsifiable concentrates. Liquid compositions are preferred both in terms of ease of use and in view of the prostate preparation thereof.

 As solid compositions, powders for dusting or spraying (when the active substance content is up to 100%), wettable powders or granules for dry dispersion, as well as dispersible or soluble granules can be mentioned.

 Wettable powders (or dusting powders), as well as dispersible powders usually contain from 20 to 95% active substances and, in addition to a solid carrier, may contain 0-0.5% wetting agent, 3-10% dispersant and, if necessary, up to 10% of one or more stabilizers, and / or other additives, for example: pigments, dyes, penetration enhancing agents, adhesives or anti-blocking agents, etc. Of course, some of these compositions, for example, wettable powders or dispersible granules, can be used to prepare liquid compositions before use.

 As liquid forms of the compositions, solutions can be mentioned, in particular, water-soluble concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, concentrated suspensions, aerosols, pastes.

 Soluble and emulsifiable concentrates most often contain 10-80% of active substances, emulsions and ready-to-use solutions contain 0.01-20% of active substances. In addition to the solvent, emulsifiable concentrates may contain, if necessary, 2-20% of appropriate additives, for example: stabilizers, surfactants, penetration enhancers, corrosion inhibitors, dyes or the above adhesives. From such concentrates, emulsions of any desired concentration can be prepared by diluting with water, suitable, in particular, for processing aerial parts of a plant. As already mentioned, aqueous dispersions and emulsions, for example, compositions obtained by diluting with water a wettable powder or an emulsifying concentrate according to the invention, are included in the scope of the present invention. Emulsions can be of the type “water in oil” or “oil in water” and have a thick consistency similar to “mayonnaise”.

 Concentrated suspensions, which are also applied by spraying, are a stable liquid product that does not require a thickener and does not form a precipitate during storage, they usually contain 10-75% active substances, 0.5-15% surfactants, 0.1-10% thixotropic substances , 0-10% of appropriate additives, such as: pigments, dyes, antifoam agents, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, penetrating agents and adhesives, and also as a carrier contain water or an organic liquid in which the active substances are slightly soluble or insoluble origami; Some types of organic solids or mineral salts may be dissolved in the vehicle to eliminate sedimentation or as aqueous antigels.

 Compositions according to the invention are prepared by methods known per se.

 So, to obtain sprayed or wettable powders, the active substances with additives are thoroughly mixed in appropriate mixers and milled using mills or other types of grinders. As a result, powders for spraying are obtained which have good wettability and the ability to suspend, they can be suspended with water until any desired concentration is obtained, such suspensions are useful, in particular, for processing aerial parts of plants.

 Instead of wettable powders, concentrated pastes or suspensions may be prepared. The conditions and methods for their preparation, as well as the use of such pastes are similar to the conditions and methods for producing wettable or sprayed powders, only the necessary grinding operation is carried out in a liquid medium.

 Dispersible granules are usually prepared by agglomeration or extrusion or compression of wettable powder compositions in appropriate systems. Dry dispersion granules are usually prepared by impregnating the granular carrier with a solution or emulsion of the active substance.

 The invention also relates to a method of treating crops in order to combat or prevent fungal diseases from fungal diseases, characterized in that the aerial parts of the cultures are treated with an effective, non-phytotoxic dose of the composition according to the invention.

 The composition is preferably applied so that the applied dose of bromukonazole is from 100 to 300 g / ha, preferably from 150 to 250 g / ha, and the dose of triazole A is from 50 to 250 g / ha, preferably from 75 to 200 g / ha. The indicated dose is determined by the nature of the disease, the stage of development of the treated plant, the degree of damage and climatic conditions.

 According to a preferred embodiment of the composition according to the invention, when component A is tebuconazole, the dose of the latter is from 75 to 250 g / ha, preferably from 100 to 150 g / ha.

 Fungal lesions are those caused by septoria (Septoria tritici, Septoria nodorum), rust (Puccima strilformis, Puccinia recondita) and fusarium ears (Fusarium culmorum, Microdochium nivale).

 The crops to which the processing method according to the invention is applicable are cereals, in particular barley, wheat, rye, preferably wheat.

 The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration and do not limit the positive properties of the compositions according to the invention.

 In FIG. 1 and 2, a comparison is made of the dose of each corresponding, taken separately active substance, for controlling a phytopathogenic fungus at a specified level, with a dose containing 2 active substances taken in a mixture. The effective dose of each active substance taken separately is plotted along the abscissa and ordinate, and a straight line crosses both of these axes and connects both of these doses. For both active substances in the mixture, the dose in a given size is indicated as a dot.

 Example 1. Testing in a greenhouse a composition containing a mixture of bromukonazole and tebuconazole on Puccinia recondita, causing brown rust in wheat.

 Used a composition in the form of a concentrated suspension containing bromukonazole in an amount of 200 g / l, a composition in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate containing tebuconazole in an amount of 250 g / l, and a composition according to the invention, prepared by mixing the two previous compositions. In the case of mixtures of active substances, the weight ratio between bromukonazole and tebuconazole was 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3.

 Wheat (grade "Talent") was grown in pots. Plants that reached the age of 14 days, which corresponds to the stage Zadoks 11, were treated by spraying each of these compositions.

 The Zadoks scale is described in an article published in Phytiatrie phytophamiacie, 1977, 26, pp. 129-140, entitled "Decimal Code for the Grain Growth Stage," authors: Zadoks JC, Chang T.T., Konzak CF

24 hours after treatment, each plant was infected by spraying an aqueous suspension of Puccinia recondita spores (100,000 spores per cm ³ ).

After this infection, wheat plants were incubated at a temperature of 20 ^o C and a relative humidity of 100% for 24 hours, then they were transferred to a greenhouse with a temperature of 18 ^o C and a relative humidity of 70%.

 12 days after infection, the percentage of the infected leaf surface was counted. By comparing with a control wheat plant not treated with the active substance but infected with Puccinia recondita, the percentage of destruction of the pathogenic fungus was calculated.

 The results were plotted as points corresponding to 80% destruction of the parasite on the Tammes chart, where the doses of tebuconazole in g / ha are plotted on the abscissa, and the doses of bromukonazole in g / ha are also plotted on the ordinate.

 The diagram shown in FIG. 1, which shows that the addition of tebuconazole in an amount of less than 28 g / ha (which corresponds to the dose of tebuconazole alone required to destroy 80% of the parasite) unexpectedly reduced the dose of bromukonazole needed to destroy the parasite by 80% to a value significantly less 337 g / ha (this value corresponds to the dose of bromukonazole alone, which is necessary for the destruction of the parasite in the amount of 80%).

 The location of the points obtained indicates a two-sided effect, called in English according to the aforementioned Tammes method "two sided effect" (two-sided effect). This arrangement corresponds to the isobole of the third type according to the aforementioned method (see page 75, corresponding to the above bibliographic reference) and is a synergistic characteristic.

 Example 2. Testing in a greenhouse a composition containing a mixture of broiukonazole and epoxyconazole on Septoria tritici causing wheat Septoria.

 Used a composition in the form of a concentrated suspension with a bromukonazole content of 200 g / l, a composition in the form of a concentrated suspension with an epoxiconazole content of 125 g / l and a composition according to the invention prepared by mixing the two previous compositions.

 In a mixture of active substances, the weight ratio between bromukonazole and epoxyconazole was 1; 3; 4; 5; 6.

 Wheat plants (cultivar Darius) were grown in pots. When the plants reached the age of 14 days, which corresponds to the stage Zadoks 11 (Zadoks), they were treated by spraying each of these compositions.

24 hours after the treatment, each plant was infected by spraying with an aqueous suspension of Septoria tritici spores (250,000 spores per cm ³ ).

After this infection, wheat plants were incubated for 4 days at a temperature of 18 ^o C and a relative humidity of 100%, then they were transferred to a greenhouse with a temperature of 18 ^o C and a relative humidity of 90%.

 20 days after infection, the percentage of the infected leaf surface was counted. By comparison with a control wheat plant that was not treated with the active substance but was infected with Septoria tritici, the percent destruction of the phytopathogenic fungus was calculated.

 The results were plotted as points corresponding to 50% destruction of the parasite on the Tammes chart, on which the doses of epoxiconazole in g / ha are plotted along the abscissa, and the doses of bromukonazole are also plotted in g / ha on the ordinates.

 The diagram shown in Fig. 2 was obtained, which shows that the addition of epoxiconazole at a dose of less than 7 g / ha (which corresponds to the dose of epoxyconazole alone required to achieve parasite destruction of 50%) allowed the dose of bromukonazole to be destroyed by 50% to a value significantly less than 101 g / ha (this value corresponds to the dose of bromukonazole alone, which is necessary for the destruction of the parasite in the amount of 50%).

 The resulting arrangement of points, in particular, the location corresponding to the ratios 3,4,5,6, indicates a bilateral effect, which is synergistic.

Claims (7)

 1. A fungicidal composition containing an active principle, characterized in that as an active principle it contains a mixture of bromukonazole (B) and another triazole (A) selected from tebuconazole and epoxiconazole, with a weight ratio of B / A = 0.5 - 10, 0.  2. The fungicidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the triazole (A) is tebuconazole, and the weight ratio B / A = 0.5 to 5.0, preferably 1 to 3.  3. The method of processing crops for the prevention of fungal diseases of crops by applying an antifungal agent, characterized in that the aerial parts of the cultures are treated with an effective and non-phytotoxic dose of the composition according to claim 1 or 2.  4. The processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that the dose of the composition is such that the applied dose of bromukonazole is 100 to 300 g / ha, preferably 150 to 250 g / ha, and the dose of triazole (A) is 50 to 250 g / ha, preferably 75 to 200 g / ha.  5. The processing method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the compound (A) is tebuconazole, and the dose of the composition containing the mixture (A) and (B) is such that the dose of tebuconazole is 75 - 250 g / ha preferably 100 to 150 g / ha.  6. The processing method according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the cultures affected by Septoria (Septoria tritici, Septoria nodorum) and rust (Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia recondita) are treated.  7. The processing method according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the crops are cereals, in particular barley, wheat, rye, triticale, preferably wheat.

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