RU2165140C1 - Cereal crop harvesting method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves combine harvesting including mowing ears at the level of 15-20 cm below main level of ears; embedding straw by means of disk tools in two stages; providing repeated disking in direction traverse to and at an angle to first disking direction. Method allows soil to be effectively mellowed and favorable conditions for straw decomposition to be created. EFFECT: increased efficiency, enhanced reliability in operation and reduced labor intensity.

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture.

 A known method of direct and separate combining, involving mowing the entire biomass of the crop at a height of 18 - 20 cm, with the removal of straw and stacking at the end of the field or outside / Portnov M.N. Grain harvesters. - M., Higher School, 1971, p. 209 - 210 /.

 This method is costly, depletes the soil with organic matter, and becomes the site of the reservation of mouse-like rodents and weeds.

 There is also known a method of harvesting grain crops with simultaneous chopping of straw, uniformly scattering it across the field, seeding with disk implements / Scientific principles and technology of reproduction of soil fertility and the use of organic fertilizers. Sat scientific Proceedings of VNIPTIOU, vol. 1. - M. - Vladimir, 1998.S. 72 /. However, a combine harvester equipped with a straw chopper is less productive, the consumption of fuel and lubricants increases, and premature wear of the machines occurs.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase labor productivity during harvesting, reducing costs.

 The method is as follows.

 The height of the combine harvester of grain crops is set at a level of 15 - 20 cm below the tiers of the arrangement of ears, which ensures the harvesting of ears that are below the main tier. Straw during this cleaning remains on the vine.

 By facilitating the operation of the harvester, its reliability and labor productivity are increased, the moisture content of threshed grain is lower by 0.3 - 0.5%.

 In weed-free fields, the crushed half with straw residues is scattered across the field, in weed-littered areas, half with the bulk of the weed seeds are stored in the combine harvester and unloaded as necessary or collected in a PTM-4-887A truck 2 attached to the combine.

 Following the combine, peeling is carried out with the simultaneous application of nitrogen fertilizers at the rate of 8 - 10 kg per 1 ton of straw using the LDG-5 tiller, combined with a fertilizer spreader.

 After 2 to 3 weeks, when the weeds germinate, the field is treated with a heavy disk harrow BDT-7 transverse or at an angle to the previous treatment. Following is the sowing of green manure crops or treatment corresponding to the subsequent culture. Double disking allows you to chop straw and root residues well enough, mix them with soil to the optimum depth for straw decomposition directly on the spot.

 This method improves the performance of the combine by increasing the speed of harvesting, reducing breakdowns, clogging the drum or header. There is no need for the export of straw when using straw choppers and spreaders.

 Since the upper tiers dry out faster from dew or precipitation, harvesting can begin earlier in the morning and end later in the evening.

 The method is convenient for use in places remote from livestock farms or in the absence of livestock farming. Double disking makes it possible to crush and repack straw quite well in the soil, which creates favorable conditions for the decomposition of straw, enrichment of the soil with humus and the creation of a loosened soil condition.

 The proposed method is effective in harvesting medium and tall plants and on stony soils.

Claims (1)

 A method of harvesting crops, including a combine harvester, embedding straw with disk implements, characterized in that the grain is mowed at a level of 15 to 20 cm below the main tier of the arrangement of ears, and the embedding of straw with disks is carried out in two stages, and repeated disking is carried out across or at an angle to to the first.