RU2149997C1 - Method of remining thick ore deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining, particularly, underground mining of ore deposits. SUBSTANCE: method may be used in recovery of lost ore after mining by methods of level and sublevel caving. The method includes driving of dosing chamber under worked-out space filled with muck in the form of broken lost ore and caved barren rocks for dosing of drawn muck and breakage of large lumps of caved barren rocks. Driven in roof of dosing chamber are vibratory inclined haulageways in which vibrating feeders are mounted. Ends of these haulageways are connected by trenches with worked-out space and muck is drawn by doses equal to volumes of dosing chamber under every vibrating feeder, with engagement into simultaneous operation of all mounted vibrating feeders. In so doing, in drawing of next dose of muck, large lumps of self-caved barren rocks are selectively broken and standard-size pieces of these rocks are transferred by separate process line. In eliminating of sticking of large lumps in vibratory haulageways, large lumps are broken by blasting them with charges of explosives, and final drawing of muck dose is effected by individual engagement of vibrating feeders. EFFECT: higher efficiency of method of recovery of lost ore in mining of ore deposits by method of level and sublevel caving due to establishment of controlled single flow in worked-out space. 5 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to mining, namely to underground mining of ore deposits, and can be used to extract lost ore after mining technology floor and sub-floor collapse with the release of collapsed ore under the covering rocks.

 In underground ore mining, the most productive and highly efficient technologies are those with floor and sub-floor collapse of the ore and its release under the overburden, which have different options.

 A major drawback of these technologies is the loss of ore in the bowels - from 10 to 20% or more. After the development of the deposit, the worked-out space is filled with large-block self-collapsed empty rocks of the hanging and lying side, mixed with crushed lost ore during mining, and the total mineral content in this rock mass in most cases is higher than the conditional content for the developed field.

 For many years of production, a huge amount of lost ore has accumulated in the worked out space of deposits, for example, in the Krivoy Rog mines according to the data of V.V. Kulikov / V.V. Kulikov "Joint and re-development of ore deposits", Moscow, "Nedra", 1972, p.123 / - about a billion tons, which is currently economically feasible to extract.

 A known method of re-development of mineral deposits / see A.S. USSR N 1025887, E 21 C 41/00, Bull. N 24, 1983 /, including the excavation of rocks with ledges from top to bottom along the lying side of the ore formation with the formation of berms, excavation of rocks with ledges on the hanging side of the ore formation and mining previously abandoned in mineral pillars, in which the first trench passes through the shallow and inclined deposits previously worked out by the pillar system along the lying side of the ore bed and its chambers are opened with the pillars left, forming a first ledge berm, across the ore overburden rocks are drilled over the first row of pillars and a directed explosion discards the overburden overburden into previously worked chambers and on the first ledge berm with subsequent leveling of these rocks towards previously worked chambers to the level of the bottom of the trench, then previously abandoned pillars are drilled, blasted and removed ore is removed , after which they pass the next trench and repeat the operations in the indicated sequence.

 The disadvantage of this method is the limited scope - it is a chamber-pillar system for mining mineral deposits.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the method of re-development of ore deposits, carried out at the Nikitovsky mine / cm. V.V. Kulikov "Joint and re-development of ore deposits", Moscow, "Nedra", 1972, p.135-137 /, according to which re-development is carried out using the technology of floor self-collapse with the release of self-collapsed rock mass through exhaust funnels, and delivery and loading - with scraper units.

 The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the uncontrollability of the self-collapse process, the complexity of producing large-sized rock mass with scraper plants, low productivity, which caused the rejection of this technology.

 Due to the lack of an effective high-performance and safe method of redevelopment by underground mining, at present, redevelopment is mainly conducted in an open way. At the same time, in many mines using the technology of floor and sub-floor collapse, the use of open cast mining is inefficient or impossible.

 The technical task of the invention is the creation of a high-performance method for recovering lost ore during field development by floor and sub-floor collapse by creating a controlled single stream in the worked out space. The problem is solved as follows.

 Under the mined-out space filled with rock mass in the form of beaten-off lost ore and self-collapsed waste rocks, a dosing chamber passes for dispensing the released rock mass and crushing large blocks of self-collapsed waste rock, in the roof of which vibration-inclined workings pass and vibrators are mounted in them, and the ends of these workings knock down trenches with worked out space. After that, the rock mass is released in doses equal to the volumes of the metering chamber under each vibratory feeder, including all mounted vibratory feeders in the simultaneous operation. At the same time, during the shipment of the next dose of rock mass, selective crushing of large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks is carried out with the delivery of dimensional pieces of these rocks through a separate production line. During the elimination of jams of large boulders in vibration-delivering inclined workings, they are crushed by explosive charges / explosives / and additional doses of the rock mass are individually released by vibrating feeders.

Significant differences of the proposed technical solutions are:
Under the mined-out space filled with rock mass in the form of beaten-off lost ore and self-collapsed waste rocks, a dosing chamber passes for dispensing the released rock mass and crushing large blocks of self-collapsed waste rock.

 This allows, with minimal cost / using the existing network of underground mine openings to open the deposit / to prepare for extraction of lost ore located in the worked out space. At the same time, one dosing chamber provides redevelopment with a tape width of up to 20 m or more / the tape width can be equal to the diameter of the flow zone and equal to the distance between the extreme vibration-delivering inclined workings in the dosing chamber / and a length equal to the power of the ore body.

 The dosing chamber provides the redevelopment of the rock mass in the worked-out space to a height of 200 m or more, which is determined by the wear of the vibratory feeders and the condition of the lining of the dosing chamber to ensure safe working conditions.

 When the vibrating feeders are worn and the support of the dosing chamber is destroyed, in most cases it is advisable to go through a new dosing chamber, which has expired below its useful life.

 All of the above provides the minimum cost of discovering the reserves of rock in the worked out space for re-development, that is, a high productivity of the process.

The dosing chamber is used to accommodate the simultaneously released dose of rock mass and its cross section should be linked to the height of the lowering of the rock mass layer in the worked out space. The section of the metering chamber should be from 12 to 30 m ² or more.

 The dosing chamber must ensure the placement of equipment (for example, butters) for crushing large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks or meet the requirements for the safe conduct of blasting operations.

 In the roof of the metering chamber, there are vibration-delivering inclined workings, vibration feeders are mounted in them, and the ends of these workings are knocked down by trenches with the worked out space.

 This ensures the release of the rock mass from the developed space, which includes large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks.

 For example, it is advisable to use vibratory feeders of the VDPU-4TM type / Vibrational loading and loading unit - 4TM - mass-produced from 1968 to the present day at the Magnitogorsk Plant /. These vibratory feeders are capable of extracting blocks up to 3 m long from the worked out space, and two other sizes should be 20-30% smaller than the size of the working, that is, the cross section of these workings is 2 x 2 m or more. Productivity of one vibratory feeder is up to 1000 t / h.

 The above will ensure the unloading of large blocks from the worked out space and, as a result, high productivity. Practical experience / VDPU-4TM vibratory feeders loaded about a billion tons of various ores / shows that the larger the ore, the safer the unloading.

 When large pieces move along the work platform, their speed automatically decreases. No inertial movement of the flow. When the drive is turned off, the movement of the piece is immediately interrupted, which ensures reliable control of the release of the rock mass.

 In addition, when large pieces move along the working platform, the sound of the vibratory feeder and the experienced miner changes, being at a distance of 30 m or more, not visually seeing the vibrating feeder, it easily determines the size of the discharged rock mass by sound.

 The trench cutting of the worked-out space, a large cross-section of vyborodostavochny inclined workings, a powerful high-performance vibratory feeder allow in the aggregate to issue large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks into the metering chamber with high productivity.

 After the above operations, the rock mass is released in doses equal to the volumes of the dosing chamber under each vibratory feeder, including all mounted vibratory feeders in the simultaneous operation.

The above allows for the formation of a single stream in the worked out space over the entire metering chamber with an area of up to 2000 m ² or more. In this single stream of a large cross section, blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks up to 5 m or more move without distorting the flow path / like a piece in a mass of sand /. This movement allows you to evenly work out the worked out space with uniform release doses. In order to ensure dose uniformity, in the technical solution, the dosage chamber volume under each vibratory feeder, located at an angle of repose, is taken as the dose. After filling this volume of the dosing chamber, all vibratory feeders are simultaneously switched on. Vibration feeders operate for 1 to 5 minutes, while the dose volume under all vibratory feeders is up to 500 tons or more. Even doses lower the rock mass in the worked-out space to a certain equal height, which maintains upper contact with the overlying rocks and eliminates the mixing of rock mass, providing ultimately greater productivity during redevelopment of the field.

 At the same time, during the shipment of the next dose of rock mass, selective crushing of large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks is carried out with the delivery of dimensional pieces of these rocks through a separate production line.

 The above allows you to remove part of the self-collapsed waste rock. When mining a deposit by a sub-floor collapse with an end outlet, ore losses amount to 15% or more from the bed, and the ore is uniformly and finely divided. Self-collapsed empty rocks of large-block sides. Vibrating feeders allow you to unload large blocks of up to 3 m or more from the worked out space without interference. During shipment, at first, large blocks of waste rock are crushed, for example, by cumulative explosive charges to a standard size and shipped via a separate production line. The remaining rock mass from the fine fraction of self-collapsed gangue and ore is given for enrichment. Selective removal of coarse rock reduces the energy intensity of the rock processing process.

 During the elimination of jams of large blocks in vibration-delivering inclined workings, they are crushed by explosive charges and additional doses of the rock mass are individually turned on by vibrating feeders.

 This allows you to save the capacity of the dose of the release, ensuring the uniformity of lowering the rock mass in the worked out space. In addition, the elimination of freezes in a separate vibration-supply inclined generation during a pause / before the next inclusion in the simultaneous operation of all vibratory feeders / provides the same start on the movement of bulk material at startup.

 With the simultaneous start-up of all vibratory feeders, one common stream of rock mass in the worked out space is formed, which stabilizes the process.

 The essence of the proposed technical solution.

 Under the mined-out space filled with the rock mass in the form of beaten-off lost ore and self-collapsed waste rocks, a dosing chamber passes for dispensing the released rock mass and crushing large blocks of self-collapsed waste rock.

 In the roof of the metering chamber there are vibration-delivering inclined workings in which vibratory feeders are mounted. The ends of these workings are studded with trenches with worked out space.

 The rock mass is released in doses equal to the volumes of the dosing chamber under each vibratory feeder, including all mounted vibratory feeders in the simultaneous operation.

 When shipment of the next dose of rock mass, selective crushing of large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks is carried out with the delivery of dimensional pieces of these rocks through a separate production line.

 During the elimination of jams of large blocks in vibration-delivering inclined workings, they are crushed by explosive charges and additional doses of the rock mass are individually turned on by vibrating feeders.

 An example implementation of a method for redeveloping powerful ore deposits is shown in FIG. fifteen.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for redeveloping powerful ore deposits — a projection onto a vertical plane across the strike of a deposit;
in FIG. 2 is the same, section I - I in FIG. 1;
in FIG. 3 - site release rock mass / cross section of the metering chamber /;
in FIG. 4 - site for the release of rock mass from the worked out space using paired metering chambers;
in FIG. 5 - node for the release of rock mass from the worked out space into one dosing chamber with vibratory feeders arranged in a checkerboard pattern.

 The proposed method is used for re-development of deposits using floor and sub-floor collapse technologies, when a lot of broken-off ore accumulated during mining of several floors / horizons / accumulated after years of operation in the developed space.

 Using openings mine workings 1 / Fig. 1, 2 /, under the mined-out space 2 filled with rock mass, the metering chamber 3, which enters the exhaust assembly, passes. Dosing chamber 3 / Fig. 3/ is intended to accommodate the dose of rock mass coming from the mined-out space 2, crushing large blocks of self-collapsed waste rock therein, placing loading and conveying equipment for unloading the released dose, as well as butchers for crushing oversized pieces. In the roof of the metering chamber 3 there are vibration-delivering inclined workings 4, in which vibration feeders 5 are mounted, capable of working in a complete blockage of the rock mass and delivering lumpy rock mass from the worked-out space.

 The distance between two adjacent vibration-delivering inclined workings 4 / Fig. 1 / should ensure the intersection of the zones of flows formed above each of the vibratory feeders, that is, the pillar 6 can be equal to three to seven meters. With the simultaneous inclusion of all vibratory feeders 5 mounted in vibration-supply inclined workings 4 and unloading the rock mass into the metering chamber 3, a single flow of moving rock mass is formed in the worked-out space 2.

 In the lower part of the worked-out space 2, the flow in section is described by an ellipse elongated above the metering chamber 3, expanding upward and turning into a circle. In FIG. 2 dashed lines show the rock mass flow zone in the worked out space 2 with the simultaneous operation of all vibratory feeders 5.

 Above the ends of the vibration-delivering inclined workings 4 pass a trench production, which is brought down with the worked-out space by 2 trenches 7.

 For servicing vibratory feeders 5, a hanging shelf 8 with a guard 9 can be made in the metering chamber 3. Staples 10 are fixed on the wall of the metering chamber 3 and there is a flooring 11 for access to the vibratory feeder drive 5 and to the vibration-supply inclined generation 4.

 With large volumes of rock mass in the mined-out space 2, the exhaust unit can be made using twin metering chambers 3 / Fig. 4 /, between which pass the ventilation running output 12 with failures 13.

 For servicing vibratory feeders 5 and faults 13, flooring 11 is suspended.

 With limited heights of the mined-out space 2 filled with rock mass, the exhaust unit may include a metering chamber 3, in which the vibration-delivering inclined workings 4 pass in a checkerboard pattern and vibration feeders 5 / Fig. 5/ are mounted in them.

 When the worked-out space 2 has a large elongated area / large length of the field along strike /, several metering chambers 3 can be used in parallel, and the axes of their placement are determined according to the survey of the worked-out space 2.

 An example implementation of the method of re-development of a powerful ore deposit.

 For re-development of the field under the worked-out space 2, the metering chamber 3 passes, then the vibration-delivering inclined workings 4, in which the vibratory feeders 5 are mounted.

 After installation of the vibratory feeders 5 pass the trench production, and the ends of these workings are knocked down by trenches with the worked out space 2.

Then mount the device for servicing vibratory feeders 5 / shelf 8, flooring 11, staples 10, starters / pos. not indicated / etc. /. The release of the rock mass from the worked-out space 2 is carried out by simultaneously turning on all mounted vibratory feeders 5. In this example, eight vibratory feeders / four vibratory feeders 5 in each of the paired dosing chambers 3 / are included in the work. In the developed space 2, a single rock mass is formed with a cross section of about 2000 m ² . Vibratory feeders 5 operate for 1 - 5 min, filling the volume of the metering chamber 3 at an angle of repose / about 300 t /.

 After the release of the dose from shelf 8, the released rock mass is inspected. If necessary, lead to the elimination of stuck large boulders in vibration-delivering inclined production 4 overhead, for example, cumulative charges. The delivery of the rock mass from the worked-out space 2 for replenishing the volume in the dosing chamber 3 is carried out by individually turning on the vibratory feeders 5. Having ensured safe working conditions, they proceed to the shipment of the rock mass from the dosing chamber 3, for example, by self-propelled loading and delivery machines. At the same time, during the shipment of the rock mass, large blocks are distinguished (the special design of the vibratory feeder 5 allows 2 blocks to be emitted from the worked out space up to three to five meters in one of the largest sizes).

 Large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks are crushed, for example, by cumulative charges to standard sizes and transported by loading and delivery machines to a special production line for the issue of self-collapsed waste rocks.

 Metered release followed by disassembling the rock mass provides an increase in the mineral content in the ore being mined, which increases the efficiency of redevelopment of the deposit. The use of high-performance vibratory feeders 5 with their simultaneous operation provides high productivity / up to 300 tons for one to five minutes / for the extraction of rock mass from the worked out space 2, and the use of powerful loading and delivery machines allows to achieve high productivity of the excavation section for redevelopment of deposits.

Claims (1)

 A method for the re-development of powerful ore deposits, including the development of floor and sub-floor caving technologies and the release of collapsed rock mass under the covering rocks, characterized in that under the mined space filled with rock mass in the form of beaten-off lost ore and self-collapsed gangue, a metering chamber for dosing is passed rock mass and crushing large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks, in the roof of which vibration-delivering inclined workings pass, they mount a vibration feeders, and the ends of these workings are knocked down by trenches with a worked out space, after which they release the rock mass in doses equal to the volumes of the dosing chamber under each vibratory feeder, including all mounted vibratory feeders in the simultaneous operation, and when shaking the next dose of rock mass, selective crushing of large blocks of self-collapsed waste rocks with the issuance of dimensional pieces of these rocks in a separate production line, and during the elimination of jams of large blocks in vibration rabotkah produce fragmentation of the explosive charge and lead dovypuska dose rock mass individual on vibratory feeders.

Images