RU2134785C1 - Method of mining thick steep coal seam - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: according to method, working field is prepared to shield system of mining. Created on ventilation horizon is mounting layer with leaving supporting pillars at roof and floor of seam. Mounted on supporting pillars is sectional extendible shield-type covering. Sections of shield-type covering are oriented with their extending part towards floor of seam. Coal is excavated under shield-type covering in horizontal layers by two mining combines from center to flanges which allows for increasing productivity with given method. Each mining combine by moving straight forward excavates middle part of workable layer, cuts in supporting pillar of worked layer at seam floor, and loads extracted coal into telescopic trough, and moving in reverse they cut in supporting pillar of worked layer at seam roof. Shield-type covering is controlled by its smooth lowering on supporting pillars. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 9 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to mining, in particular to methods for coal mining from powerful steep seams through a shield development system.

 A well-known shield method for the development of steeply falling coal seams, including mechanized breaking of coal and passing it through coal-hole wells, trimming the pillars and lowering the shield [1].

 The disadvantages of this method are the inability to work out layers of variable power due to unregulated overlap in width; the difficulty of controlling the overlap, which is carried out only by trimming the support pillars.

 Closest to the developed one is a method that includes the preparation of a mining column along a shield development system, excavation of an assembly chamber with the support pillars remaining at the roof and soil of the formation, installation of a sliding shield panel on them and subsequent mechanized excavation of coal from under the ceiling and transportation of beaten coal to a coal discharge wells conveyor [2].

 The disadvantages of the method are the need for time-consuming work on the movement and remounting of the conveyor in the workspace; kinematic connection of a mining machine and overlapping, limiting the freedom of a mining machine and thereby reducing its productivity for breaking coal; the danger of breakthrough of collapsed rocks under the overlap; the difficulty of managing the extraction of coal due to the remoteness of the operator from the place of extraction, because there is no place for the safe presence of staff.

 These shortcomings reduce the efficiency of the development of powerful steep coal seams.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of developing a powerful steep coal seam due to the insignificant separation in time and space of operations for coal extraction and management of overlap, as well as increasing the intensity of development.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the sectional overlap is mounted with a sliding part towards the lying side of the formation, the sections are connected sequentially with each other by flexible connections, the coal is excavated by two tunneling combines, which, moving along the strike of the formation in different directions in direct motion, take out and load coal from the middle part of the worked out horizontal layer and the support pillar near the soil of the layer of the overlying worked out layer in the vehicle using telescopic troughs and coal-run wells Moving return stroke, destroy the support pillar in the roof exhaust layer formation overlap control is performed with a delay from the smooth dropping coal recesses on its supporting pillars lying on the first layer side, then - by hanging.

 The proposed development method is illustrated by diagrams. In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the opening and preparation of the extraction unit (general view); in FIG. 2 is a diagram of the preparation of the excavation block (cross section across the strike of the formation); in FIG. 3 - layout of the main equipment in the working space before the notch layer; in FIG. 4 - the same, after excavation in the process of cutting the pillar at the roof of the reservoir; in FIG. 5 - position of the combine in the bed during coal mining; in FIG. 6 is a view from the working space of the layer to pair it with a ramp; in FIG. 7 - position of the harvester in the layer at the interface with the ramp (plan view); in FIG. 8 is a diagram of the notch harvesters at full capacity layer; in FIG. 9 - the same at half power.

 The method can be implemented as follows. A powerful steep layer is opened with transport 1 and ventilation 2 crosshairs. Carry out transport 3 and ventilation 4 drifts, which are knocked down by ramps 5, thus dividing the excavation field into the extraction blocks. Each block is divided by sub-floor drifts 6, 7 into three sub-floors 8, 9, 10. At the level of the ventilation horizon, the assembly layer 11 is worked out with the support pillars 12 left at the soil and 13 at the top of the formation. On supporting pillars 12 and 13, sections of the sliding shield panel 14 are mounted, orienting them with the sliding part towards the formation soil. Overlapping sections are connected together sequentially by flexible connections, for example, segments of a round link chain or cable, the length of which is not more than the height of the section. The space above the ceiling is filled with waste rock. From the sub-floor drift 6 in the direction of the mounting layer 11 in the middle of the formation, coal-discharge wells 15 are uniformly distributed along the entire length of the extraction block, and a vehicle is mounted on the soil of the drift 6, for example, a conveyor belt 16.

 Coal excavation under floor 14 is carried out by two roadheaders 17 and 18, for example, 4PU type, starting from the center to the flanks. For example, the combine 17 is cut into the soil of the layer at an angle of up to 10 degrees to the entire thickness of the layer, thereby constructing a ramp for the combine 18, which, following the combine 17 in reverse, moves to the worked out layer. Next, each of the combines moves in a straight line, removing coal in front of itself from the worked out layer and cutting the supporting pillar 12 of the overlying layer. Each combine is loaded with chipped coal into the gutters 19, which are telescopically connected to each other and flexibly connected to the tail end of the combine loader and directed to the nearest coal drain well. Through the grooves 19, coal flows by gravity to the well 15, through which it enters the conveyor 16 in the drift 6, then by gravity to the ramp 5 - to the transport auger 3.

 After cutting the support pillar 12, with a slight lag from the executive body of the combine, sections of the shield panel 14 begin to be moved using rock pressure above the floor. To do this, reduce the length of the movable section from the side of the lying side of the reservoir. As the combine advances, the sections move smoothly, sliding along the soil of the formation, onto the support pillar 12 of the worked out layer.

 When the combine approaches the ramp 5, part of the strut supports 20 of the ramp 5 is removed to organize the exit from the working space and ventilation, and when the ramp 5 is paired with the used layer, the ramp 20 mount is restored to protect the latter from breaking out of rocks behind the ceiling. Then, the executive body of the combine is transferred to the side of the support pillar 13 of the worked-out layer at the top of the formation, the grooves 19 are moved to the transport position, for example, by securing them to the body of the combine, and the combine is turned on when reversing.

 When reversing, the combine only cuts the support pillar 13, but does not load the chipped coal. Following the harvester, sections of the shield 14 are moved without loss of contact with the formation roof. At the same time, the length of each section is forcibly increased to the width of the horizontal layer.

где H - максимальная высота выработки, которую можно пройти комбайном принятого типа, м;
h - высота корпуса комбайна, м;
m - минимальная мощность разрабатываемого пласта, м;
m_c - мощность вынимаемого слоя, м;
α - угол залегания пласта, град.Depending on the bedding elements and the parameters of the combine, the power of the layer to be removed can be determined from the following expression:

where H is the maximum height of the output that can be passed by the harvester of the accepted type, m;
h is the height of the combine harvester, m;
m is the minimum power of the developed reservoir, m;
m _c is the thickness of the layer to be removed, m;
α - formation angle, degrees

For a 4PU type combine (H = 2.85 m; h = 1.3 m) and a layer with a thickness of 4 m and a bed angle of 70 ^{o, the} recommended layer thickness is in the range from 1.2 to 1.4 m, for example 1.3 m .

 The first of the combines, which has reached the middle of the layer, carries out the notch on the next layer, as described above. It is also possible that one combine, for example 17, is cut into a new layer by only half its power, and the other 18 moves backwards to this layer and, moving in direct motion, is cut by another half of the layer power, etc. In this case, each combine will move to half the power of the layer and cut another half power. Next, gutters 19 are installed for organizing gravity transport of coal from the combine to the coal drain well and continue work on excavation.

 Replacing the kinematic connection of the extraction machine with the overlap with the technological one, we divided in space and time the operations of coal extraction and managing the overlap, and the order of cutting the support pillar in the lying side and moving the sections of overlap along the soil of the formation, then cutting the support pillar and completing the movement of the overlap already along the roof formation, this separation in space and time has become insignificant. At the same time, the extraction machine (and there were two of them) received great freedom, due to which an increase in coal breaking capacity and the intensity of mining the horizontal layer and the extraction block as a whole are provided; the use of gravity transport in the working space of the layer will significantly reduce the amount of work on installation and dismantling of equipment. Increased productivity and reduced costs are consistent with improved development efficiency.

Sources of information taken into account when preparing the application:
1. A.S. USSR N 374452, MKI E 21 C 41/04
2. The technology of shield mining of coal deposits / Kurlenya MV. Zvorygin LV, Lebedev AV - Novosibirsk: Science. Sib. Branch, 1988, p. 190, fig. 5.28

Claims (2)

 1. A method of developing a steep coal seam, including preparing a mining block in a shield development system, removing a mounting layer while leaving the pillars, installing a sliding shield in it, mechanized mining of coal in a descending order under the overlapping and controlling the overlap as the treatment operations are immersed, characterized the fact that the overlap is mounted with a sliding part in the direction of the lying side of the seam, coal is excavated in horizontal layers by roadheaders, which, moving along the strike When the formation is in direct motion, coal is removed and loaded from the middle part of the working layer and the support pillar of the worked layer near the soil of the formation, and, moving in reverse, they destroy the support pillar of the worked layer near the roof of the formation, control of the overlap is carried out by smooth lowering it onto the support pillars, first at soil, then at the top of the formation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, depending on the power of the worked out formation, the angle of its occurrence and the dimensions of the used combine, the power of the worked out layer is in the ratio

where H is the maximum height of the output that can be passed by the harvester of the accepted type, m;
h is the height of the combine harvester, m;
m is the minimum power of the developed reservoir, m;
m _c is the thickness of the layer to be removed, m;
α - formation angle, degrees

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