RU2103507C1 - Method and cutter-loader machine for development of seam deposits of minerals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: extraction of mineral is effected by chambers, layer-by-layer, at horizontal working of layers in descending order at driving extraction drifts from panel workings successively with undermining at incline angle of up 18 deg. Cutter-loader machine has running gear which carries rotating superstructure with operating member of selective type made in the form of two telescopically extending arms. Mounted on arms are drums of limited width with built-in individual dives. Drums can perform rocking motions together with their mounting axles in plane parallel to work face. Also provided is cutting bar which can rock in plane of longitudinal axis of worked-out space. Support erecting device is also provided. EFFECT: high efficiency. 5 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used for the development of mineral strata by chamber systems, in the development of off-balance reserves, including hazardous by dynamic phenomena.

 There is a method of developing mineral strata [1], which consists in conducting preparatory workings in the excavation section, layer-by-layer mining of minerals with a chamber system for developing direct and reverse harvester leaving interchamber pillars and transportation of minerals.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of developing powerful formations, the need for a large number of auxiliary workings, the absence of devices for installing the lining and the need to turn the mining combine 180 ^o or idle distillation to the length of the chamber.

 A tunneling machine [2] is also known for performing layer-by-layer mining of minerals in chamber development systems, comprising a running gear and a rotary support mounted thereon with an actuator with a cutting drum, a table for receiving minerals.

However, such a harvester does not allow the executive body to rotate 180 ^o , therefore, it requires idle hauls when working out the chambers, and does not include devices for quickly erecting roof supports.

 A known method of developing formations [3], adopted for the prototype, which consists in drifts, contouring the excavation section, the extraction of minerals in the forward and reverse passages of a roadheader with a number of strips with a width equal to the maximum capture zone of the executive body of the combine with the formation of mineral pillars between the strips reloading the rock mass into a vehicle. The method is carried out using a mining and production complex, including a combine harvester made in the form of a caterpillar chassis with a body mounted on it with the possibility of rotation in the vertical plane of the actuator, a transfer conveyor, a receiving device with an inclined plate, a scraper conveyor, scraping feet and hydraulic cylinders, transport means for receiving rock mass [2].

 The disadvantage of this method and the tunneling complex is the impossibility of its use for formations with a capacity of significantly more than 4 m, as well as the need to drill a large number of auxiliary workings and cut (commissioning) more than two blocks to achieve sufficient productivity, i.e., it is characterized by insufficient concentration mining operations. In addition, the known method does not allow mining and tunneling without additional means for the prevention of dynamic phenomena (DY).

 The objective of the invention is the development of formations of any power, including hazardous in terms of impact (impacts, emissions) and with plastic, unstable layered roofs, as well as heaving soils, increasing the efficiency of their mining and forming workings with any roof configuration.

This is achieved by the fact that the mineral is removed in the chambers in a descending order during horizontal (layer-by-layer) mining of the formation within the excavation section for the entire thickness of the formation, and the excavation drifts pass from the panel workings sequentially in a descending order with a blasting angle of up to 18 ^o , and the parameters of the excavation section are determined from the expression:
P _v.uch. ≤ (T • a _mouth • v _k ) / η (m ² ),
where P _{c. student} . - the area of the excavation site, m ² ;
T - the time of development of the reservoir, day;
and _mouth - an indicator of the stability of the complex "roof-rear", m;
η is the number of horizons worked out;
V _k - penetration rate, m / day.

 When driving preparatory workings in rocks below average stability, the workings are secured with temporary cassette support.

 A roadheader for the implementation of the method comprises a running gear and a rotary support mounted thereon with an executive body with a cutting drum, tables for receiving minerals, characterized in that the executive body of the combine is equipped with two arms with retractable arrows located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the combine and containing drums with individual drives built into them, and the drums are mounted with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the retractable boom arms minutes and swinging motions in a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the harvester and the boom and sliding tables for receiving mineral telescopic cylinders are provided, hingedly connected respectively with the horizontal portions of the handles and harvester housing.

 The swivel bearing is equipped with a retractable cutting bar swinging in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the combine and a device for installing a temporary support cassette, including a platform with rails, a cart with a telescopic handle and a carriage.

 In FIG. 1 shows the forward stroke of the combine in the first layer of the chamber; in FIG. 2 - return stroke of the combine; in FIG. 3 is a section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 is a section 5-5 in FIG. one; in FIG. 5 - the procedure for mining the face by the executive body; in FIG. 6 - tunneling machine in longitudinal section; Fig. 7 is a front view; in FIG. 8 - plan; in FIG. 9 - the position of the executive body and the bar during sinking and production; in FIG. 10 - bar position with leading cut.

 The method of developing mineral strata is intended for use in a chamber system with block preparation, including conveyor 1 and ventilation 2 drifts, contouring the excavation section, the top layer (horizon) of 3 chambers having an arched section, interchamber pillars 4, panel excavation 5, cameras of rectangular section the second 6 and third 7 layers (horizon), the inclined part of the preparatory development 8 in the preparation of the second layer (horizon) 6 in the chambers.

 The development of layers (horizons) 3, 6, 7 in the chambers and the passage of the drifts 1, 2 is carried out by a tunneling and mining universal combine (MPCU) 9 with the transfer of rock mass to the hopper-reloader 10 and to the vehicle 11, for example self-propelled wagons, followed by reloading on the drift transport system 12.

 The tunneling-mining complex consists of a combine 9, a hopper-loader 10 and a vehicle 11 (Fig. 1, 2). The harvester (Fig. 6, 7, 8) is made in the form of a caterpillar chassis 13 with a tower 15 mounted on the housing fully turning in the plane of bearing 14, on which the left 16 and right 17 of the handle of the actuator are located, as well as a retractable bar 18 with drive 19. Each of the arms 16 and 17 has a retractable boom 20, consisting of articulated (21) connected parts. The bottomhole part of the boom 22 has a rotation mechanism 23 of the drums (screws) 24 around the longitudinal axis of the handle and hydraulic cylinders 25, which carry out the swinging movement of the drums (screws) 24 together with the axes of their fastening. Drums (screws) 24 have a built-in individual drive.

 The retractable bar 18 is installed in the guide beams 26 and has the ability to be advanced to the bottom together with the drive 19 using the feed drive 27, for example in the form of a pinion gear. Bar 18 using a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) has the ability to make a swinging movement around axis 28 in a plane perpendicular to the plane of soil 14 and in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the combine.

 In the case of the combine 9 there is a bending scraper conveyor 29, the drive sprockets 30 of which are placed on the receiving tables 31 and 32 symmetrically located in the front and rear of the combine, pivotally (36) mounted on the body of the combine. The receiving tables 31 and 32 by means of hydraulic cylinders 33 and 34, respectively, can be moved from the lower position (under the screw 24) to the upper (at the rear of the combine).

 Tower 15 is mounted on the housing of the combine in a rotary support (chase) 35 with a drive.

 On the housing of the combine 9 on the support 35 above the retractable bar 18 with the drive 19 and the guide system (extendable sections) 26 with the feed drive 27 between the arms 16 and 17 there is a device for erecting temporary and permanent support, consisting of a platform 37 with guides 38, in which the trolley 39 is moved by the drive 40 with the telescopic handle 41 and the drive 42 located on it, by means of which the handle 41 makes swinging movements around the axis of attachment to the trolley 39. At the end of the handle 41, a carriage 43 is mounted having the possibility of to prevent swinging movements around the axis of attachment 44 to the handle 41 using a system of power hydraulic cylinders 45. On the carriage 43 devices are provided for accommodating devices for anchoring the roof rocks (AK type) and securing the workings with a cassette mount 46 for permanent mounting located behind the combine and 47 for temporary mount located above the combine.

 A method of developing powerful, including hazardous in dynamic (gas-dynamic) phenomena and with plastic, unstable layered roofs, as well as scattering soils, mineral strata is realized using a mining and production complex, including a combine harvester (MPC) 9 with a sliding swinging bar 18, loading hopper 10, vehicle 11.

In this case, the parameters of the excavation site are determined by the formula, which allows you to choose rational and safe conditions for the treatment:
P _v.uch. ≤ (T • a _mouth • v _k ) / η (m ² ),
where P _{c. student} - the area of the excavation site, m ² ;
T is the time of development of the reservoir, days;
and _mouth - an indicator of the stability of the complex "roof-rear", m;
η is the number of horizons worked out;
V _k - penetration rate, m / day.

 Ventilation 2 and conveyor 1 drifts for cutting the block (Fig. 1) and working out the first layer (horizon) of 3 chambers are carried out by a combine 9 with a panel output 5. In case of work on DJ formations that are dangerous before working out the face with a drum (screw) 24 cut bar 18, while reducing the stress state of the array, the work is carried out in the following order. The combine 9 is installed in the center of the excavation, maximally moved towards the bottom, the screws 24 of the arrows 20 of the hydraulic cylinders 25 are held in a horizontal position (position 1 of Fig. 9), and the arrows 20 themselves are in the most retracted position relative to the arms 16 and 17 so that the screws 24 abut into the face. By means of a feed drive, 27 bar 18 in the guide beams 26 extends to the bottom, while the cutting chain is driven by the drive 19. The cantilevered bar 18, deepened to its full length (position I in Fig. 10), begins to make a circular cut by means of a hydraulic cylinder, moving relative to the hinge 28, rising until the cutting height exceeds the working height (position II of FIG. 10). Then, the bar 18 lowers in the operating mode to the position when the soil begins to collapse (position III of FIG. 10), after which the bar 18 is moved to the horizontal position and moved to the inoperative (transport) position by the drive 27.

 The extraction of rock (coal) in the face is carried out according to various schemes, depending on the type of cross-section of the mine.

 When excavating workings (chambers) along a mineral with f <4 square sections (zone "0" in Fig. 5), breaking is carried out only with the help of hydraulic cylinder 25 in the vertical plane, with hydraulic cylinders of telescopic extension of arrows 20, and breaking the pillars remaining between the drums ( screws), is made by turning the tower 15 using the turntable mechanism 35.

 When driving workings through the breed with f <4, the cross section of which differs from the trapezoidal or rectangular, it is necessary to perform additional movements by the executive body to break the zones "L, K, P" (Fig. 5). To break the rock in the right part of the zone "K" (Fig. 5), the drums (screws) 24 using the boom 20 of the handle 17 are brought out of contact with the face using the hydraulic cylinders of the telescopic action 24, the drums (screws) 24 are rotated around the longitudinal axis of the boom 20 by the mechanism 23 , then zone “K” is worked out using telescopic extension hydraulic cylinders, boom swing cylinders 25 and turntable mechanism 35. At this time, the boom 20 of the handle 18 is pulled into the latter and lowered. The left part of the zone "K" (Fig. 5) is worked out by the handle 16. The zone "P" (Fig. 5) is worked out by the right handle 17 with the retracted arrow 20 into the left handle 16, the bottomhole part 22 of which is in horizontal position.

 The broken rock enters the receiving table 31 (lowered) and is transported by a conveyor 29 to the rear of the combine 9, where it enters the receiving table 32 (raised). Next, the cargo flow passes the hopper-loader 10 and enters the vehicle 11.

 Mounting of the workings is carried out using a device for the construction of temporary and permanent cassette lining. The construction of the temporary lining is carried out as follows: the trolley 39 along the guides 38 of the platform 37 moves in the direction of the receiving table 32, which is in the upper position, while the telescopic handle 41 is in a horizontal position and extended to the required length in the direction of the receiving table 32. On the carriage 43 is placed the upper section of the arch lining and the trolley 39 along the guides 38 of the platform 37 moves in the direction of the receiving table 31, which is in the lower position, while the telescopic handle 41 is rotated Xia around the fastening axis to the carriage 39 in the same direction, the carriage 43 with the upper section of the roof lining is pressed against the production of reels (augers) 24, and held in this position until they are mounted side support frame. Permanent cassette support is similarly constructed behind the combine 9. Anchor support is being erected using a fixture for anchor support mounted on the carriage 43 using a special device.

 Mining operations in layers (horizons) of 3 (6, 7) chambers are carried out similarly to the passage of chambers 1, 2, while when the first layer (horizon) of 3 chambers of arch section is drilled, the roof is anchored.

During mining operations in the notch in the chambers of the layer (horizon) (Fig. 1, 2), the combine 9 does not have idle stages. After reaching the drift 2, the drums (augers) 24 with the hydraulic cylinders 25 are brought into position IV (Fig. 9), the tower 15 of the combine 9 is rotated 180 ^° , the receiving table 31 is moved from the lower position to the upper one, and the table 32 from the upper to the lower one the augers 24 are transferred to the working position 1, 11 (Fig. 9), the notch and the work of extraction into the notch are carried out.

After the completion of mining operations to develop the chambers of the first layer (horizon) of 3 chambers in the entire section, the combine 9 is distilled along the drift 1 (2) to the panel mine 5 and digs the inclined part 8 of the mine 1 (2) to prepare the block and mine the chambers of the second layer 6 (rectangular section) (Fig. 3, 4). In this case, the combine 9 carries out the undermining of the soil in the excavation 8 with the help of drums (screws) 24, lowered to position 11 (Fig. 9) with the most extended arrows 20 relative to the arms 16, 17. Processing (undermining) of the soil 14 (Figs. 1, 4 , 9, 10) is performed by the combine 9 with a sequential increase in the depth of demolition by a distance from the excavation 5 to the block in such a way that when approaching the block (Fig. 4), the height of the layer 6 of the chambers should be within 3-4 m. The angle of penetration (fall) ) drifts 1, 2 in their parts 8 should not exceed 18 ^o under the condition of normal operation of the conveyor transport 12. Next, the combine 9 performs the development of the layer (horizon) 6 in all chambers within the excavation area. Similarly, the next horizon of the excavation site is prepared for production and the actual production is carried out by deepening into the layer (horizon) 7 chambers of the extraction site and lower layers (horizons) when the formation is excavated at full capacity.

 When conducting mining operations in workings with sweeping soils, their undermining is carried out by the combine 9 when the screws are installed in position 11 (Fig. 9).

 Distinctive features of the invention can improve the efficiency of mining powerful formations by increasing the concentration of mining, as well as ensure high efficiency and safety of workings in reservoir deposits in formations that are dangerous in dynamic phenomena (impacts, emissions), in the presence of unstable layered, lamellar rocks in the roof and sowing soils through the use of a tunneling-mining combine (MPCU) with a universal executive body that actively affects geomechanical parameters bottom-hole on the array and forms a generation with the necessary configuration sections.

Claims (5)

1. The method of development of stratified mineral deposits, which consists in carrying out preparatory workings in the excavation section, layer-by-layer mining of minerals with the chamber system of development by direct and reverse operation of the combine with leaving inter-chamber pillars, fixing the worked out space and transporting minerals, characterized in that the mineral they are removed in chambers in a descending order during horizontal development of the formation within the excavation section for the entire thickness of the formation, em excavation drifts pass from the panel workings sequentially in descending order with a blasting with an angle of inclination of up to 18 ^o . 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the parameters of the excavation section is determined from the expression
P _{in. y h} ≤ (T • a _{y s t} • v _k ) / n,
where P _{c . y h} excavation site area, m ^2;
T the time of development of the reservoir, day;
and _{mouth is an} indicator of the stability of the whole roof complex, m;
n number of horizons worked out;
v _{to the} speed of penetration, m / day.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when driving the preparatory workings in the rocks below average stability, the workings are secured with a temporary cassette support.  4. A mining and harvesting combine for implementing the method, comprising a running gear and a rotary support mounted thereon with an actuator with a cutting drum, tables for receiving minerals, characterized in that the actuator of the harvester is equipped with two arms with retractable arrows located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal the axis of the harvester and containing drums with individual drives built into them, and the drums are mounted with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the retractable boom oyatey and swinging motions in a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the harvester and the boom and sliding tables for receiving mineral telescopic cylinders are provided, hingedly connected respectively with the horizontal portions of the handles and harvester housing.  5. The harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that the swivel bearing is equipped with a retractable cutting bar, swinging in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the combine, and a device for installing a temporary support cassette, including a platform with rails, a cart with a telescopic handle and a carriage.

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